Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus which causes chickenpox. It results in a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area, usually on the torso, that is supplied by a single nerve. After a person has chickenpox, the virus remains inactive in the nervous system. Herpes zoster occurs when the virus becomes reactivated, often many years later. Risk factors include older age, immunosuppression, cancer, and HIV infection. The rash usually heals within 2-4 weeks but pain may persist longer.
3. Agen Penyebab
โข Human (alpha) herpesvirus 3 (Virus Varicella Zoster โ
V-Z Virus), a member of the Herpesvirus group
โข Reactivation infection with the virus that causes
CHICKENPOX
โข Attack to skin area supplied by sensory nerves
4. Insiden
โข Semua golongan seluruh dunia
โข Pesakit leukaemia, Hodgkin & limpoma
โข Pesakit menerima rawatan kanser, kosteroid
โข Belaku banyak pada orang dewasa - tua
โข 10% pada kanak-kanak
โข Pesakit HIV berisiko tinggi mendapat zoster
9. Susceptibility and
resistance
โข Universal among those not previously infected
โข More severe in adults than of children
โข Second attacks are rare
โข Leukemia patient โ suffer more severe, prolong or
fatal chickenpox.
15. Method of control
โข Preventive measures
โข control of patients, contact and the immediate
environment
16. Preventive measures
โข Health education
โข personal hygiene
โข Avoid contaminating skin
โข with infectious material
โข Health personnel
โข wear glove
18. Control of patients,
contact and the
immediate environment
โข Report - notification
โข Isolation from;
โข neonatal
โข severe primary lesion
โข drainage/ secretion
โข newborn baby
โข School children at least 5 days
โข immunosuppressed patients
19. Control of patients,
contact and the
immediate environment
โข Concurrent disinfection;
โข Discharges from nose, throat, lesions
โข Quarantine ; none
โข Immunization of contacts:
โข VZIG given within 96 hours
โข Investigation of contacts and source of infection; of no
practical importance
20. Control of patients,
contact and the
immediate environment
โข Specific treatment:
โข zovirax
โข Epidemic measures: none
โข Disaster implications: outbreaks
โข International measure: none