Pengenalan asas mengenai SIMTOMATOLOGI SISTEM SARAF

1. SIMTOMATOLOGI SISTEM
SARAF
•SEBAB MUSABAB TIDAK
SEDARKAN DIRI
•GANGGUAN MOTOR
•GANGGUAN SENSORI
•IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES
Disediakan
Oleh : Nassruto

2. DIRI
• SYNCOPE-reduction of blood flow to the
brain(syncope)
• Simple faint(vasovagal attack)
• Precipitating factors
• Emotional stimulation,prolonged
standing,pain,fright or anxiety
• Postural syncope-standing up-impairment
of the vasomotor reflexes

7. • Arterial hypertension overtreated
• Elderly
• Autonomic neuropathy
• Cough syncope-transient loss of
consciousness@end of purple faced
paroxysm of coughing in chronic
bronchitis
• Micturition syncope-male who leaves the
warm bed,upright position and straining

8. •Syncope on exertion-limitation of
cardiac output due to severe
obstruction @aortic or pulmonary
valve
•Syncope from cardiac arrythmias-
extremely fast or slow cardiac rates
•SAWAN
•Epileptic fit-transient disturbance of
conscousness due to brief excessive
electrical discharge of cerebral
neurones
•Grand mal-tonic clonic

10. •Focal –consciousness not entirely
loss and clinical features bizarre or
unusual
•Jacksonian-retain contact with
environment

12. GANGGUAN MOTOR
• Loss of learned movement patterns-
dyspraxia or apraxia
• Paralysis or weakness
• Impairment of coordination
• Changes in tone
• Involuntary movements
• Hypokinesis

14. •Dyspraxia-clumsy movement
•Tremors-rythmic movements resulting
from alternating contraction and
relaxation-
anxiety,hyperthyroid,alcoholic,parkins
on
•Myoclonus-sudden shock like
contractions-epilepsy and falling
asleep

17. •Choreiform movements-irregular
jerky,semipurpose and ill sustained
•Dystonic movements(torsion spasm)-
similar to athetoid,affect proximal part
of limbs or trunks
•Spasmodic torticollis-segmental
dystonia,repetitive,rotary movement
of head and neck to one side
accompanied by extension of neck

21. •Hemiballimus-similar to
choreiform,more proximal and greater
in amplitude and forceful@vascular
damage to sub thalamic nucleus
•Athetoid spasm-slow writhing
movements affecting distal part-extra
pyramidal disease

22. GANGGUAN SENSORI
• ANAESTHESIA-KEHILANGAN
SENSASI SENTUHAN
• Hyperaesthesia-oversensitive to heat/cold/pain
• ANALGESIA-KEHILANGAN SENSASI
SAKIT
• HIPERALGESIA-PENINGKATAN
SENSASI BERIKUTAN
SENTUHAN,MENYEBABKAN
KESAKITAN
• Neuralgia-pain in the nerve

24. • PARAESTHESIA-SENSASI CUCUKAN
PIN,JARUM
• LESI SARAF PERIFERI
MENYEBABKAN KEHILANGAN
SENSASI DARI KAWASAN YANG
DISALUR OLEH SARAF TERSEBUT
• KEHILANGAN PENGLIHATAN
DITUNJUKKAN DENGAN
KEHILANGAN KEUPAYAAN
MEMBACA PADA SESUATU

25. JARAK ATAU KEHILANGAN
PANDANGAN NORMAL ATAU
DOUBLE VISION
•GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN
BOLEH DITUNJUKKAN
DENGAN DENGAN
KEPEKAKAN ATAU
TINNITUS(BUNYI
BERDENGUNG

28. IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES
•ONSET-PANTAS DARI JAM KE
HARI.PESAKIT SAKIT DENGAN
DEMAM TERUK
•SAKIT KEPALA-DIKAITKAN
DENGAN MUNTAH
•PERUBAHAN KESEDARAN-
PESAKIT

29. DROWSY(MENGANTUK) DAN
IRITABLE( MUDAH
TERGANGGU) DAN
DELIRIOUS(MERACAU) mental
confusion.
KETEGANGAN
LEHER.PESAKIT BERBARING
ATAS KATIL MEMBONGKOK
JAUH DARI CAHAYA
DENGAN FOTOFOBIA

32. •SAWAN TERUTAMA BAGI BAYI
•KERNIG’S SIGN-ADA
RINTANGAN APABILA
MENCUBA UNTUK
MELURUSKAN LUTUT YANG
FLEKSI KERANA INI
MENEGANGKAN MENINGES
YANG RADANG

33. • Paralisis-hilang kuasa bergerak
• Hemiplegia-lumpuh sebelah badan
• Monoplegia-lumpuh satu anggota samada
tangan atau kaki
• Paraplegia-lumpuh separuh badan
• Quadriplegia-lumpuh kesmua kaki dan
tangan
• Paresis-weakness of muscle movement

38. • Ataxia-seseorang yang tidak boleh
berjalan stabil
• Coma-unconscious
• Nystagmus-involuntary rapid movement
of eyeball
• Spasm –kekejangan otot
• Incontinence-ketiadaan kawalan