1. CHAPTER 20 Clients with Pain Nhelia B. Perez RN, MSN Northeastern College – Nursing Department Santiago City, Philippines

7. Conscious Perception of Pain Hyperalgesia

18. Numeric Rating Scale Ask the patient to rate their pain intensity on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (the worst pain imaginable). Some patients are unable to do this with only verbal instructions, but may be able to look at a number scale and point to the number that describes the intensity of their pain.

26. 2 Difficult to console or comfort 1 Reassured by occasional touching, hugging or "talking to, distractible 0 Content, relaxed Consolability 2 Crying steadily, screams or sobs, frequent complaints 1 Moans or whimpers, occasional complaint 0 No cry (awake or asleep) Cry 2 Arched, rigid, or jerking 1 Squirming, shifting back and forth, tense 0 Lying quietly, normal position, moves easily Activity 2 Kicking, or legs drawn up 1 Uneasy, restless, tense 0 Normal position or relaxed Legs 2 Frequent to constant frown, clenched jaw, quivering chin 1 Occasional grimace or frown, withdrawn disinterested 0 No particular expression or smile Face

33. Non-Pharmacologic ApproachesTo Pain A. Non-pharmacologic interventions should routinely be used. Although these strategies alone are frequently insufficient for moderate to severe pain, they are usually helpful in conjunction with pharmacological therapy. Such strategies may include: B. Cognitive-behavioral Education Relaxation, imagery Psychotherapy, counseling Hypnosis Biofeedback Music, literature, art, play Prayer, meditation

35. EVALUATION AND DOCUMENTATION