Introduction to Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research) for Senior High School. This includes lesson on Scientific Process, Characteristic of Quantitative Research and Types of Variables.

1. SISTEMANG HARANA
Suggested tune: Harana by Parokya ni Edgar
Sa siyensya, may sistema
Sa paglutas ng problema
Dapat tukuyin kung ano itong
Mga problemang nakagulo
Identification ang tawag sa phase na ito.
Formulate hypothesis
Generate ka na ng list
Sunod-sunod subukin itesting, observing
At sa bawat trial nito
Tignan mo ang epekto
Kung iyan nga ang dahilan o cause nito
Conclusion, recommendation ang direksyon

2. SISTEMANG HARANA
Suggested tune: Harana by Parokya ni Edgar
Sa siyensya, may sistema
Sa paglutas ng problema
Dapat tukuyin kung ano itong
Mga problemang nakagulo
Identification ang tawag sa phase na ito.
Formulate hypothesis
Generate ka na ng list
Sunod-sunod subukin itesting, observing
At sa bawat trial nito
Tignan mo ang epekto
Kung iyan nga ang dahilan o cause nito
Conclusion, recommendation ang direksyon

3. PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
NHERU BONOAN VERAFLOR
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPT.

4. The purpose of any scientific inquiry is to add to
a body of knowledge that helps explain, predict,
or control events of interest in the domain.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

5. Quantitative approach
designs and examines
social phenomena through
quantifiable evidence, and
often relies on statistical
analysis of many causes to
create valid and reliable
general claims.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

6. The overall goal of quantitative research is
to convey numerically what is being
seen in the research and to arrive at
specific and observable conditions.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
1.The data are usually
gathered using
more structured
instrument.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
2.The results are
based on larger
samples sizes that
are representative of
the population

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
3.The research study
can usually be
replicated or
repeated, give its
high reliability

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
4.The researcher has
a clearly defined
research question to
which objective
answers are sought.

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
5. All aspects of the
study are carefully
designed before the
data are collected.

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
6. Data are in the form
of numbers and
statistics.

14. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
7. Project can be used
generalize concepts
more widely, predict
future results, or
investigate causal
relationship

15. TYPES OF
VARIABLES

16. TYPES OFVARIABLES
A variable is something that can take
on different values for different
subjects in a given research.

17. TYPES OFVARIABLES
 According to values
 According to scale of measurement
 According to relationship

18. TYPES OFVARIABLES
ACCORDING
TO VALUES1

19. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
Qualitative Variable or
Categorical Variable
These are variables whose
data are non-numeric and
whose observation vary in
kind but not in degree.
1.1.

20. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
Qualitative Variable or
Categorical Variable
Examples:
sex- male or female
religion- Roman Catholic, Isla, etc
civil status- single, married
1.1.

21. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
QuantitativeVariable or
ContinuousVariable
These are variables whose data
are counts or numerical
measurements and whose
observations vary in magnitude
1.2.

22. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
QuantitativeVariable or
ContinuousVariable
Examples:
age, income, number of
children, height, weight
1.2.

23. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
QuantitativeVariable or
ContinuousVariable
Two types of QuantitativeVariable
1.2.1. Discrete Variables
1.2.2. ContinuousVariables
1.2.

24. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
DiscreteVariables
Quantitative variables whose
observations can assume only a
countable numbers and values
cannot take the decimal form
1.2.1.

25. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
DiscreteVariables
Examples:
number of children in the family
number of students in the class
Number of houses in the city
1.2.1.

26. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
Continuous Variables
quantitative variables whose
observations can assume any one
of the countless number of values
in a line interval
1.2.2.

27. VARIABLES ACC.TO VALUES
Continuous Variables
Examples:
height- 5 feet, 4.6 inches
weight- 115 lbs 68 kgs
time- 1 hour, 46 minutes
1.2.2.

28. TYPES OFVARIABLES
ACCORDING
TO SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
2

29. VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Nominal Variable
variable whose data are non-
numeric labels that do not
reflect quantitative
information
2.1.

30. Nominal Variable
Examples:
sex- male or female
civil status- single, married
2.1.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

31. VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ordinal Variable
Variables where there is a
meaningful order or categories
but there is no measurable
distance between categories
2.2.

32. VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ordinal Variable
• An ordinal variable is a nominal
variable, but its different states are
ordered in a meaningful sequence.
• Ordinal data has order but the intervals
between scale points may be uneven.
2.2.

33. VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ordinal Variable
• Because of lack of equal distances,
arithmetic operations are impossible,
but logical operations can be performed
on the ordinal data.
• A typical example of an ordinal variable
is the socio-economic status of families.
2.2.

34. VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Interval Variable
Variable whose data values are
ranged in a real interval and can
be as large as from negative
infinity to positive infinity.
2.3.

35. VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Interval Variable
Examples:
temperature, IQ level
2.3.

36. VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ratio Variable
• The highest level of measurement that
has all the characteristics of the interval
plus a true zero point.
• Both the differences and the ration of
two values are meaningful and there is
always an absolute zero that is
meaningful.
2.4.

37. TYPES OFVARIABLES
ACCORDING
RELATIONSHIP3

38. VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Independent
Variable
Manipulated variable
that cause change in
another variable
3.1.

39. VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Dependent
Variable
Those that are affected by
independent variables.
3.2.

40. VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Independent
Variable
Dependent
Variablecause

41. VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Intervening
Variable
These are called test or control
variables that either increase or
decrease the effect of IV to DV.
3.3.

42. END