The document discusses Pakistan's unconventional energy resources like tight gas reservoirs, shale gas, and coal bed methane. It notes that these resources could help meet Pakistan's growing energy needs. Unconventional reservoirs are estimated to hold over 200 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. The development of these reservoirs provides challenges but is economically viable given current gas prices. An integrated approach involving exploration companies, service providers, industries, and the government is needed to successfully develop Pakistan's unconventional energy resources.
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RESERVOIRS IN DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL PAKISTAN
1. RESERVOIRS IN DEVELOPMENT OF
UNCONVENTIONAL PAKISTAN
By
Nighat Seema
Karachi
July 15, 2013
Gulshan-e-Hadeed
2. PROVOKING THOUHHTS
With the nuclear industry in crisis and oil
prices on the rise, could the solution to
our energy problems be in the ground at
home? Daniel yergin on the promise of
shale gas.
He ," states that the turmoil in the middle
east is a "sea change" for the global oil
market and that the U.S.A and emerging
markets are most economically vulnerable
to rising oil prices.
3. Outline of Presentation
Objectives
Energy out Look
Existing Indigenous Resource
International Scenario
Conventional & Unconventional Reservoirs
Potential of Unconventional Resource
Development Model
Economic Consideration
Summary
4. HOW TO MEET ENERGY REQUIREMENT
OF THE COUNTRY
UNCONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCE
AVAILABILITY
DEVELOPMENT PHIL0SPHY
OBJECTIVES
15. India Shale Gas & CBM Projects
Started work on CBM 1993
Group of experts was formulated to collect and analyze
data.
32 BLOCKS Have been given to different companies
Now India started Production from CBM
Next Few Years, Production will be 38 CM^3/day
ONGC had Recent Discovery of Shale Gas in West Bengal
19. Indigenous Oil & Gas Reservoirs
Conventional Reservoirs
Sandstone and carbonate
Reservoirs.
With good reservoir properties
have good capability of storage
and Productivity
Reasonable Efforts for
Exploration
Explored area is about
275,000 Sq km
550,000 Sq km is unexplored
Current Production
Oil: 60000-66000 bbl
Gas: 4.15 BCF
Unconventional Reservoirs
Poor reservoir properties
have capability of storage
but poor Productivity
Tight Gas Reservoir
Shale Gas Reservoir
Coal Bed Methane
NOT DEVELOPED YET
20. Unconventional Reservoir Descriptions
Tight Gas Reservoir
Mostly Sandstone
Reservoir
Good storage Capability
but poor Producibility.
Distributed over Large
Area of Pakistan
Advance Technology
Need to Produce
Shale Gas reservoir
Exist in Shale
Source and Reservoir
Good storage Capability
but poor Producibility
Distributed over Large
Area of Pakistan
Advance Technology
need to Produce
21. Unconventional Reservoirs
COAL BED METHAN
(CBM)
Gas is generated
during Coalification
Process
Gas Adsorbed on the
Coal
Very poor conductivity
Distributed over Sindh
& Punjab Province
Word 10 % Coal
Deposits are in Sindh
Total Deposits are 185
billion tone.
Not developed Yet
No Conclusive Work
29. Unconventional Gas
Resource
Tight Gas 40-50 TCF
Ghazig Shale Gas 20-30 TCF
Talhar Shale Gas 100 TCF
Coal Bed Methane 21 TCF
(Recoverable- Cathy Oil Canada)
Samber Shale
(Moin PPL) 60-80 TCF
TOTAL 241-281
30. Development Challenges
Evaluation Uncertainties
High Investment
Longer Production Time
Longer Payout Time
High Density of wells
Skilled Manpower
Environmental Issue
Political Stability
Will to Accept Challenges
Resolvable Success
31. Availability of Technology In World
Vertical & Horizontal well
Multilateral Wells
Hydraulic Fracturing
Stimulation Techniques
36. Exploration & Production Companies
Should Invest to Explore Tight and Shale gas
Exploration area for Tight and Shale Gas should be
awarded to the companies
Price Incentives have been given
Freedom of Marketing of Gas to the Consumer
37. Manufacturing & Power Industries
Should have direct access to Energy Producer
Should have option of buying gas from Producer &
paying Tariff to the distribution company for using
the network if required
Reference Price should be according to the
concession area
Distribution Companies should effectively assist
for supply of gas to Industries
Consortium of Industry units to share the cost of
energy.
38. Cost Effective Buisness Model
Exploration Companies- Consortium
Work Program for next 3-4 years
• Drilling of Vertical, horizontal & Multilateral
• Hydraulic Fracturing/Stimulation jobs
Service Providers-Consortium
• Bring Relevant Technology
• Efficient Execution of jobs
• Cost effective Solution
Human Resource Development---Serious Consideration
39. Continue----
Need consortium of industry units for sharing of
their cost of energy
No Misuse of Freedom
No Monopolization of any company weather it is
service or distribution companies.
42. Probable Production Behavior
Brown Field with 8 year development
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Years of production
GasMMSCFD
43. Economic Model for Tight & Shale Gas
(Brown Field )
GIIP: 1 TCF
Recoverable Reserves: 240 BCF
Number of wells: 25
Failure: 10%
Gas Flow Rate: 5MMSCFD
Development Time: 2 year
Well Capex $: 478 Million
Facilities: 50 Million
Opex: 147 Million
Field Life: 25 year
GAS Price: $ 4.90/MMBTU
IROR: 15 %
Pay back: 8.5 year
Royalty &Tex Included
44. Economic Model for Tight & Shale Gas
(Green Field )
GIIP: 1 TCF
Recoverable Reserves: 240 BCF
Number of wells: 25
Failure: 10 %
Gas Flow Rate: 5MMSCFD
Development Time: 5 year
Well Capex $: 478 Million
Facilities: 124 Million
Opex: 147 Million
Field Life: 25 year
GAS Price: $ 6.21/MMBTU
IROR: 15 %
Pay back: 6.5 years
45. SUMMARY
Enough unconventional Reservoir exist
in the country
Unconventional Reservoirs are required to
be evaluated by collection of more data by
initiating Pilot Projects in Shale Gas as
earliest as possible.
Exploration blocks may be awarded for
unconventional reservoirs.
Economically, Projects in Shale & Tight
Gas looks viable.
46. Human Resource Development to cater the
demand of oil companies operating in Pkistan
Introduction of consortium concept of E & P
companies for the planning of their work
Consortium of Service companies for cost
effective solution of development of these
Reservoirs.
Integrated Approach of all the stack holder is
required to develop these unconventional
Reservoirs
Continue----