This document provides information on aquarium fishes and their maintenance. It discusses the basic components of setting up an aquarium, including obtaining a tank, filter, heater/chiller, and lighting. It also covers the two main types of aquariums - saltwater/marine and freshwater. Saltwater aquariums require more equipment and monitoring due to factors like water salinity and temperature. Freshwater aquariums are generally easier to maintain. Proper care includes monitoring water parameters, feeding a balanced diet, and emulating the natural environment of the fish. Aquariums can provide benefits like stress reduction and lower blood pressure.

1. Aquarium FishesAquarium Fishes
AndAnd
Their maintenanceTheir maintenance
Akanksha Shukla
&
Nimisha Tiwari
M.Sc.IV
Department of
Zoology
Lucknow University

2. What is an aquarium?????
• A tank or pool or bowl filled with water for
keeping live fish and underwater animals.
• An aquarium is a specially designed
device that acts as an artificial habitat for
water-dwelling animals.

3. Basic STEPS……..
1. Obtain an aquarium as large as
possible.
2. Purchase the aquarium set-up
components.
3. Set up the aquarium on a sturdy floor
in a draft free area.
4. Run the aquarium for several hours.
5. Cycle the Aquarium and then add fish.

4. Economy
Required
• Cost of the Aquarium………
• Cost of the Fishes………

5. The aquariums are generally of two types
depending on the salinity:
- Saltwater / Marine aquarium
and
- Freshwater aquarium.

6. Saltwater/Saltwater/
MarineMarine
AquariumAquarium

7. •Saltwater or marine aquarium is a miniature
of ocean or marine habitat housed in an
aquarium.
•Just like the ocean it self, a saltwater
aquarium consists of fish, coral, rocks, and
other living creatures such as plants or
animals which are used to living in high salinity
water.

8. Building and keeping a saltwater aquarium at
home may need a little more effort than a
freshwater aquarium, since the owner should
pay much attention on how to keep the
following aspects well maintained in the
aquarium;
- water salinity
- water temperature
- water filtration
- water lighting.

9. A stable marine aquarium requires
• more equipment than freshwater systems
• more stringent water quality monitoring.
• inhabitants of a marine aquarium are often
difficult to acquire and are usually more
expensive than freshwater aquarium
inhabitants.

10. Fishes adapted for the saltwater or marine
aquariums are :
Angelfish
Butterfly
Jawfish

11. Lionfish
Frogfish
Eels

12. FreshwaterFreshwater
AquariumAquarium

13. • A freshwater aquarium is a receptacle that
holds one or more freshwater aquatic
organisms for decorative, pet-keeping, or
research purposes.
• Freshwater aquarium is a miniature
habitat mimicking the ecosystem of ponds,
lakes, rivers, and any other water pool that
exist on land.

14. • The maintaining of freshwater aquarium is not
as hard as the saltwater aquarium, for water
pool that exist on the land are usually not very
much affected by temperature, lighting, and
salinity changes.
• Freshwater fish may be either coldwater or
tropical species.
• Modern aquariums are most often made from
transparent glass or acrylic glass.

15. Fishes that live in freshwater aquarium:
Cichlids
Rainbow fish

16. Labyrinth fish
Catfish

17. Goldfish…..

18. •Rooted plants
a.) Vallisneria b.) Sagittaria
•Cuttings
a.) Fanwort b.) Hygrophila c.)
Limnophila
• Floating plants
a.) Lemna b.) Riccia c.) Salvinia
Plants of the aquariumPlants of the aquarium

19. Maintenance

20. The place and the standThe place and the stand
• Select the place where the temperature is
the most stable during the whole year.
• Another aspect is the aquarium stand.
Usually a marine aquarium is very heavy
because of the amount of the water. The
stand has to be strong.

21. Feeding
• The general rule is to feed small amounts
frequently.
• Balanced food which consists of proteins, fat,
vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates.
• Most aquarium fish are fed on industrial food,
which has the form of flakes or granules. But you
should feed them with natural food also.

22. • Natural food: It covers plants, protozoa,
gnathostoma, coelenterates, larvae of
mosquitoes and crustacean , shrimps,
flies, coelenterates etc.
• Homemade food: minced meat, leafy
vegetables, lightly boiled and minced.
• Fish shouldn’t be fed on the same diet
for long periods.

23. Factors Involved
Temperature
Lightning
Salinity
pH

24. 1. Temperature
• Temperature stress is one of the leading killers
of aquarium animals.
• Ideal range for a freshwater tank = 77 to 83 F.
• Ideal range for a saltwater tank= 76 to 82F.
• At the Summer you need a chiller and during the
Winter you need a heater.

25. 2.Lightning
• If aquarium doesn't get sunlight then
artificial lights are used.
• If you use normal wolfram bulbs, the water
could overheat.
• The light should be in the form of long
fluorescent tube.

26. 3. Salinity
• Salinity is a measure of the total amount of
dissolved salts in seawater. Measured in
parts per thousand (ppt).
• The average salinity of the ocean is
around 34 to 37 ppt.
• Refractometers and hydrometers can be
used to estimate salinity in marine
systems.

27. 4. pH
1. pH level in saltwater systems= 7.6 - 8.4.
o The normal trend for pH in a tank is more acidic.
These acids come from several sources, the
primary ones being:
(1) excess carbon dioxide (CO2) from respiration
(2) nitric acid from biological filtration (nitrification)
(3) organic acids from metabolic wastes.

28. 2. The optimum pH for a freshwater community
tank is whatever the pH of the supply water is. pH
value between 6.5 to 8.0 .
o In checking the pH of the local supply water,
either let a cup of tap water stand for a day or two,
or simply check the aquarium water itself a few
days after setup.
o It is still valuable to check the pH periodically!

29. Components

30. • The typical aquarium includes-
1. a filtration system
2. an artificial lighting system
3. a heater or chiller.

31. 1. Filtration system
• Purpose- To clean the water of debris and
suspended particles, remove ammonia and
nitrites and aerate the water.
• Working- Most aquarium filters are divided
into three sections: Biological, Mechanical
and Chemical.

32. Filtration system in a typical aquarium (1) intake,
(2) mechanical filtration, (3) chemical filtration, (4)
biological filtration medium, (5) outflow to tank

33. 1.Biological
• An aquarium filter is a breeding ground for two
main types of bacteria.
• The first type of bacteria breaks down the
potentially very poisonous ammonia that fish
produce into less harmful nitrites, and then a
second type of bacteria breaks down the nitrites
into even less harmful nitrates.
2. Mechanical
Removes large suspended particles of debris from
the water.

34. 3. Chemical
The purpose of this is to remove medications and
heavy metal traces from the water.
Some aquarists use air pumps or water
pumps to increase water circulation and
supply adequate gas exchange at the
water surface.

35. 2.Lightning
• Tank illumination describes any kind of
light that is used to brighten an aquarium.
• Since improper lighting causes fish
stress, poor growth, and impeded health,
buying the right kind should be
considered.
• The main purpose of this is to replicate the
conditions of their natural environment.

36. • There are different fixtures designed for
every type of habitat -
1. bulbs,
2. fluorescent tubes,
3. metal halide lamps, and others.
• To beautify the look of your tank and
increase the growth and health of your
creatures, it is best that you choose the
perfect and sufficient lighting technology
for your aquarium.

37. 3. A Heater or Chiller
• Aquarium heaters combine a heating element with a
thermostat, allowing the aquarist to regulate water
temperature at a level above that of the surrounding air.
• Whereas coolers and chillers (refrigeration devices)
are for use anywhere, such as cold water aquaria, that the
ambient room temperature is above the desired tank
temperature.
• Thermometers used include-
1. glass alcohol thermometers,
2. adhesive external plastic strip thermometers,
3. battery-powered LCD thermometers.

38. 6 Tips to Maintain A Healthy6 Tips to Maintain A Healthy
AquariumAquarium…..…..

39. 1)1) You must have sufficient light.You must have sufficient light.
2)2) Check your plants regularly to ensure rootsCheck your plants regularly to ensure roots
don't come loose.don't come loose.
3)3) Don't overcrowd the aquarium.Don't overcrowd the aquarium.
4)4) Try to emulate an environment close to theTry to emulate an environment close to the
plants’ and fishes’ original environment.plants’ and fishes’ original environment.
5)5) Beware of introducing a diseased fish intoBeware of introducing a diseased fish into
your freshwater aquarium.your freshwater aquarium.
6)6) Purchase your aquarium fishes and otherPurchase your aquarium fishes and other
components required from a reputable dealer.components required from a reputable dealer.

40. Benefits of an Aquarium
Sit back and relax.Sit back and relax.
o Reduces stress and lowers bloodReduces stress and lowers blood
pressure.pressure.
o Reduces the experience of pain.Reduces the experience of pain.
Alzheimer's and aquariums……..and aquariums……..

41. Georgia AquariumGeorgia Aquarium
AtlantaAtlanta

42. Bibliography
• www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-aquarium.htm
• www.saltwateraquariumguide.com
• www.aqua-fish.net/show.php?=feedingaquariumfish
• askville.amazon.com › Pets › Fish
• http://www.aqua-fish.net/show.php?h=aquariumfilter
• www.jehmco.com/html/temperature_controller.html
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarium_lighting
• www.aquariumguys.com/aquarium-lighting.htm
• www.georgiaaquarium.org
• www.aqua-fish.net/show.php?...feedingaquariumfish

43. Thank you !!!!!Thank you !!!!!