BIOLOGY FORM 4 CHAPTER 8 - DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM PART 4

1. Diversity of
Organisms
and
Classification
DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM
PART 4

2. Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. Species
The smallest group of organisms
classified which can interbreed with
each other to produce fertile offspring
Scientific name : unique to all the
people
e.g. scientific name of human :
Homo sapien or Homo sapien
(Latin- first name genus, 2nd
species)

4. Common name Scientific name
Paddy Oryza sativa
Durian Durio zibethinus
Oil palm Elaeis guineensis
Rambutan Nephelium lappacium
Sugar cane Saccharum officinarum
Chicken Gallus domesticus
Toad Bufo melanosticus
Frog Rana erythraeu
Scientific names of some local organisms

5. Five Kingdom System
(Prokaryotae/ Monera)
Protista
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae

6. Prokaryotae/Monera eg.Bacteria
Unicellular,
microscopic
No nucleus
– Prokaryotic
Some have no
chlorophyll
– Saprophytic or
parasitic
– Saprophytic: feed
on dead
substances
– Parasitic: obtain
nutrients from
living organisms

7. Protista
Unicellular; microscopic
Nucleus present
– Eukaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic

8. Fungi
Eukaryotic
Made up of hyphae
– Mycelium : a mass of
hyphae
No root, stem and leaf
No chlorophyll
– Saprophytic or
parasitic
Reproduce by forming
spores

9. Animalia
Eukaryotic
Divided into two groups according to the
presence or absence of backbone:
– Invertebrates : without backbone
– Vertebrates : with backbone

10. Invertebrates

11. Invertebrates

12. Invertebrates

13. Vertebrates
Divided into 5 groups:
– Fish
– Amphibians
– Reptiles
– Birds
– Mammals

14. Fish
Aquatic
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
wet and slimy scales
Streamline body for
easy movement
through water
Fins for balance and
to control movement
Gills for breathing
External fertilization

15. Amphibians
Cold-blooded
Moist, scaleless skin
Limbs present
– tetrapods
Larvae (tadpoles)
use gills for
breathing; adults use
lungs
External fertilization

16. Reptiles
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
dry, hard scales
Live on land
Breathe with lungs
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs

17. Birds
Warm-blooded
With feathers
With wings
Beak for feeding
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs

18. Warm-blooded
Hairs on skin
Females have
mammary glands for
producing milk
Lungs for breathing
Diaphragm present
Internal fertilization;
embryos develop
inside mothers’ bodies
Mammals

19. Plantae
Eukaryotic
Most plants contains photosynthetic
pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for
photosynthesis
– Autotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:
– Non-flowering plants
– Flowering plants

20. Non-flowering plants
4 groups:
– Algae
– Mosses
– Ferns
– Gymnosperms

21. Algae
Aquatic
Simple multicellular
plants
No root, stem or leaf
Contain photosynthetic
pigments (e.g.
chlorophyll) for
photosynthesis

22. Mosses
With simple leaves and stems
No root
– with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption
of water
No vascular tissues
Reproduce by spores
Found in damp area

23. Ferns
With true roots,
stems, leaves and
vascular tissues
Reproduce by
spores
Live in damp
places

24. Gymnosperms
Reproduction by
producing seeds
– Seeds develop in
cones, not enclosed
by fruits
⇒ naked seeds
Needle-shaped
leaves to reduce
water loss

25. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
With flowers for
reproduction
Seeds are
produced inside
the fruit (matured
ovary)

26. Two groups of flowering plants
MonocotyledonsDicotyledons
Cotyledons Two One
Leaf venation Netted Parallel
Root system Tap root system Fibrous root
system

27. ENDANGERED SPECIES