This document contains a biology chapter about transport. It includes diagrams of the human heart and questions about heart structures and blood flow. It also discusses the immune system and different types of immunization. Finally, it covers the different types of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and their functions in transporting gases, fighting pathogens, producing antibodies, and blood clotting.

1. INTERVENTION – BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 10 : TRANSPORT
1. The diagram below shows the cross section of a human heart.
E
S
(a) Label structures A, B, C and D.
Q
P
C
A: ……………………………. C: ………………………………..
B: ……………………………. D: ………………………………..
(b) State the functions of structures labelled P and Q.
P: …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) The muscular wall of D is thicker compared to the muscular wall of structure E. Explain why?
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(d) Draw arrows to indicate the direction of blood flow in the heart.
(e) Name two differences between structures Q and S .
1. ……………………………….....................................................................................
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2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
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2. INTERVENTION – BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10
2. Figure 2 shows left half of the human heart.
Figure 2
(a) On Figure 2,
( i) complete the right half of the heart and label the drawn parts.
(ii) draw an arrow to show the flow of blood. ( 3 marks )
(b)( i) Which chamber is relaxed?
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(ii) Based on Figure 2, give two reasons to support the answer of (b)(i).
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
( 3 marks )
(c)( i) State the difference between chambers labeled Y and Z.
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(ii) Explain the importance of the difference in (c)(i).
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( 2 marks )
(d) )( i) Do the contractions of the cardiac muscle need to be stimulated by nerve impulses?
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(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i).
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( 2 marks )

3. INTERVENTION – BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10
3. Figure 3 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of Individuals P and Q during
the treatment to acquire immunity.
(a) Identify the type of immunisation given to each of them.
Individual P : __________________________________________________________
Individual Q : ___________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(b) State the difference of the antibody concentration in the blood between Individual P and
Q. Explain your answer.
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( 2 marks )
(c) State the advantages of the type of immunisation given to both individuals.
Individual P : __________________________________________________________
Individual Q : ___________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(d) Apart from the natural defences provided by the phagocytes and the lymphocytes,
antibiotics and vaccination are used to combat infectious diseases.
Explain what is meant by :
( i) antibiotic : _______________________________________________________
(ii) vaccines : ________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
4. Table 2 shows the information of types of blood.

4. INTERVENTION – BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10
Type of
blood
Function
Cell P Cell Q Cell R Cell S
Carries oxygen
and carbon
dioxide
Defense
mechanism
Produces
antibodies :
- Lysine
- Agglutinin
- Antitoxin
Blood clotting
Table 2
(a)( i) Cell Q engulfs the pathogen entering the body by phagocytosis. Complete the diagram
below to show the mechanism of phagocytosis occurred in cell Q.
Pathogens
(ii) Cell R destroys the pathogens entering the body by the action of antibodies. State one
of the mechanisms used by antibodies to destroy pathogens.
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( 1 mark )
(b)( i) Explain how cell P functioning in the transportation of respiration gases.
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( 3 marks)
(ii) Based on Table 2, state two structural differences between Cell P and Cell Q.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
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2. ___________________________________________________________________
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( 2 marks )
(c)( i) Explain how Cell S functioning in the blood clotting.

5. INTERVENTION – BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10
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( 2 marks )
(ii) Write down two enzymic reactions in the mechanism of blood clotting.
1.
2.
( 2 marks )

6. INTERVENTION – BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10
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( 2 marks )
(ii) Write down two enzymic reactions in the mechanism of blood clotting.
1.
2.
( 2 marks )