1. Part 2
By:- Nivesh krishna
Class
X-D

2. • Electric current flowing a conductor
produces a magnetic field. The field
so produced exerts a force on
magnet placed in the vicinity of the
conductor
• Marie Ampere suggested that the
magnet must also exert an equal and
opposite force on the current
carrying conductor.

5. • The direction of the force is also reverse when the
direction of the current through the conductor is
reversed.
• The video suggest that the direction of the force on the
conductor depends upon the direction of current and
the direction of magnetic field.
• When the direction of the current is perpendicular to the
magnetic field we can use a simple rule to find out the
direction of the force acting on the conductor.
• The simple rule is FLEMING’s LEFT HAND RULE

7.  An electric motor is a rotating device that
converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy.
Principle of electric motor

9.  A device that reverses the direction of the flow of current through a
circuit is called a commutator.
 Electric motors Is used as an important component in electric fans,
refrigerators, mixers, washing machines, computers, etc.

10. o Now let us imagine a situation in which a conductor is
moving
o inside a magnetic field or a magnetic field is changing
around a fixed conductor. What will happen?
o This was first studied by English physicist Michael
Faraday. In 1831, Faraday made an important
breakthrough by discovering how a moving magnet can
be used to generate electric currents.

12. • A galvanometer is an instrument that can detect
• the presence of a current in a circuit. The pointer
remains at zero (the Centre of the scale) for zero
current flowing through it. It can deflect either to
the left or to the right of the zero mark depending
on the direction of current.
• we conclude that a potential difference is induced
in the coil-2 whenever the electric current through
the coil–1 is changing (starting or stopping). Coil-1
is called the primary coil and coil-2 is called the
secondary coil.
• As the current in the first coil changes, the
magnetic field associated with it also changes.
Thus the magnetic field lines around the secondary
coil also change. Hence the change in magnetic
field lines associated with the secondary coil is the
cause of induced electric current in it.
• This process, by which a changing magnetic field
in a conductor induces a current in another
conductor, Is called electromagnetic induction.

13. • The induced current is found to be the
highest when the direction of motion
of the coil is at right angles to the
magnetic field. In this situation, we
can use a Simple rule to know the
direction of the induced current.
 Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of right hand so that they are
perpendicular to each other, as shown in the figure. If the forefinger indicates the
direction of the magnetic field and the thumb shows the direction of motion of
conductor, then the middle finger will show the direction of induced current. This
simple rule is called Fleming’s right-hand rule.

14. • Based on the
phenomenon of
electromagnetic
induction, the
experiments studied
above generate induced
current, which is usually
very small. This principle
is also employed to
produce large currents
for use in homes and
industry.
• In an electric generator, mechanical energy is used
to rotate a conductor in a magnetic field to produce
electricity.

15.  If there are larger numbers of turns in the coil, the current
generated in each turn adds up to give a large current
through the coil.
 The directions of the induced currents in both the arms
change, giving rise to the net induced current in the
direction CBA. The current in the external circuit now
flows from B1 every half rotation the polarity of the
current in the respective arms changes. Such a
current, which changes direction after equal intervals of
time, is called an alternating current (abbreviated as AC).
This device is called an AC generator.

16.  To get a direct current (DC, which does not change its
direction with time), a split-ring type commutator must
be used. With this arrangement, one brush is at all
times in contact with the arm moving up in the
field, while the other is in contact with the arm moving
down. Thus a unidirectional current is produced. The
generator is thus called a DC generator.

17. • The difference between the direct and alternating
currents is that the direct current always flows in one
direction, whereas the alternating current reverses
its direction periodically.
• Most power stations constructed these days produce
AC. In India, the AC changes direction after every
1/100 second, that is, the frequency of AC is 50 Hz.
• An important advantage of AC over DC is that
electric power can be
• transmitted over long distances without much loss of
energy.

18.  In our homes, we receive supply of electric power through a main supply
(also called mains), either supported through overhead electric poles or by
underground cables. One of the wires in this supply, usually with red
insulation cover, is called live wire (or positive). Another wire, with black
insulation, is called neutral wire (or negative). In our country, the potential
difference between the two is 220 V.
 At the meter-board in the house, these wires pass into an electricity meter
through a main fuse.
 Through the main switch they are connected to the line wires in the house.
These wires supply electricity to separate circuits within the house.
Often, two separate circuits are used, one of 15 A current rating for
appliances with higher power ratings such as geysers, air coolers, etc.

19.  The other circuit is of 5 A current rating for
bulbs, fans, etc. The earth wire, which has insulation of
green colour, is usually connected to a metal plate deep
in the earth near the house.
 This is used as a safety measure, especially for those
appliances that have a metallic body, for
example, electric press, toaster, table
fan, refrigerator, etc.

20.  The above figure gives a schematic diagram of one of the common
domestic circuits. In each separate circuit, different appliances can be
connected across the live and neutral wires. Each appliance has a
separate switch to ‘ON’/‘OFF’ the flow of current through it. In order that
each appliance has equal potential difference, they are connected
parallel to each other.

21. 1. In a plane perpendicular to magnetic meridian the dip needle
will:
(a) be horizontal
(b) be vertical
(c) dip at angle equal to the angle of dip at the place
(d) point in any direction
2. Two long straight wires are set parallel to each other. Each
carries a current I in the same direction and the separation
between them is 2π. The intensity of the magnetic field at
midway between the wires is:
(a) zero
(b) μo ½ πr
(c) μo I/π r
(d) 2 π μo I / r
3. To estimate magnetic flux density B at the centre of a long
solenoid the following measurements are carried out:
P. The volume of the solenoid.
Q. The diameter of each turn of the solenoid.
R. the number of turns per unit length of the solenoid.
S. The current through the solenoid B is dependent on:
(a) Only R
(b) R and S
(c) Q, R and S
(d) Q and S
Answer Keys:
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b)

22. 4. Consider the statements:
A. Moving charges do not produce any electric filed.
B. Stationary charges do not produce any magnetic field.
Of the two statement.
(a) A is false
(b) B is false
(c) Both are false
(d) both are true
5. A beta-particle of mass m and an a particle of mass M are injected
perpendicularly in a uniform magnetic field B. Both particles are
found to move on circular paths of the same radius. The ratio of the
kinetic energy of the β-particle to that of the α-particle is :
(a) 4 (M/m)3
(b) (m/M)3/4
(c) 4 M/m
(d) m/4m
6. Consider the statements concerning the Magnetic field B at the
centre of a circular coil due to a current I flowing in the coil.
X. B is independent of r
Y. B is proportional to he circumference an inversely proportional to
r:
Of the two statements.
(a) both are false
(b) x is false
(c) Y is false
(d) both are true
Answer Keys:
4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (a)

23. 7. A uniform circular wire of resistance R and of radius r has two points P and Q
on its, circumference. Path PQ=πr/2 P and Q connected to a distant ideal
battery of emf V volts through straight wires of negligible resistance pointing
towards the centre of the circle. The magnitude of magnetic field at the centre
of the circular wire is :
(a) zero
(b) 2μoV/3Rr
(c) 2μoV/Rr
(d) 2μV/πRr
8. A neutrino an electron and a neutron move along a uniform magnetic field.
The correct inference is:
(a) only the path of the electron will be affected
(b) only the paths of the neutrino and the neutron will be affected
(c) the speed of electron will change []
(d) the paths of none of the particles will be affected
9. A particle of charge q moving with a velocity v perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field B in a circular path of radius r has a momentum.
(a) qvB
(b) qBr
(c) qBr2
(d) q2Br
10. A straight conductor in the plane of the paper and carrying a current in the –
Y- direction is subjected to a uniform magnetic field in the + x-direction. The
wire tends to move:
(a) toward – x – direction
(b) toward + x – direction
(c) into the paper away from the reader
(d) out of the paper towards the reader
Answer Keys:
7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (d)

24. Thank You
By:- Nivesh Krishna
Class X-D