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Nupur Bhardwaj
Crisis
 Crisis is any event that is expected

to lead to, an unstable and
dangerous situation affecting an
individual, group, community or
whole society.
 It is a situation that is unpredictable,

but it is not unexpected.
Common features of Crisis










The situation materialises unexpectedly.
Decisions are required urgently.
Time is short.
Urgent demands for information are received.
There is sense of loss of control.
Pressures build over time.
Routine business become increasingly difficult.
Reputation suffers.
Types of Crisis
 Financial Crisis
 Technological Crisis
 Crisis of Malevolence

 Natural Crisis
 Crisis of Deception
 Workplace Violence
Financial Crisis
 These are the crisis that occur in an organization due to its

prevailing financial conditions.
 Losses, increase in costs, non-availability of funds,

bankruptcy, unable to pay back loans, etc.
Examples of Financial Crisis
 Kingfisher Airlines,

recently faced a financial
crisis.

 Deutsche Bank faced a

financial crisis in USA, in
2009.
Technological Crisis
 Technological crisis are caused by human application of

science and technology. This occurs when technology
becomes complex and the system breaks down.
 Software failures, Industrial accidents etc.
Examples of Technological Crisis
 Exxon Valdez, oil spill in

Alaska, on March 24,1989.

 Union Carbide India Ltd,

gas leak in Bhopal, on
December 2, 1984.
Crisis of Malevolence
 When opponents or miscreant individuals use extreme

tactics for the purpose of expressing anger or seeking gain
from, a company or economic system, perhaps with the
aim of destroying it.
 Product tampering, kidnapping, malicious rumors,

terrorism etc.
Example of Malevolence Crisis
 The Tylenol (Extra-Strength capsules) murder case in

Chicago, on 29 September, 1982.
Natural Crisis
 Natural crisis, are natural disasters considered as 'acts of

God,' are such environmental phenomena.
 Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes and hurricanes,

floods, landslides, tsunamis, storms, and droughts etc.
Examples of Natural Crisis
 The Power Project of

Jaiprakash Associates, at
Nathpa, in Himachal Pradesh
was devastated by floods.

 The Indian Ocean
earthquake (Tsunami) , in
2004.
Crisis of Deception
 Crisis of deception occur when management conceals or

misrepresents information about itself and its products in
its dealing with consumers and others.
Example of Crisis of Deception
 Dow Corning’s silicone-

gel controversy in
Michigan, USA.

 The Satyam scam,

which came into
light, in 2009
Workplace Violence and Rumors
 Crisis occur when an employee(s) or former employee(s)

commits an act of violence against other employees on
organizational grounds.
 Rumors are, when false information about an organization

or its products creates crises hurting it’s reputation.
Example of Workplace Violence and Rumors
 A workplace violence had

occurred between the
laborers and higher
authority, in Vardhman
Group of Companies.

 Procter & Gamble’s

Logo controversy in 1985.
Crisis Management
 Crisis management is the process by which an

organization deals with a major event that threatens to
harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general
public.
Crisis Management Plan
 Gather facts.
 Be prepared.
 Communicate quickly and accurately

conduct brainstorming.
 Develop policies to minimize crisis.
 Assemble and organize resources.
 Create a Crisis Management Team.
Example of Unsuccessful Crisis Management
 Union Carbide India Ltd, gas leak tragedy in

Bhopal, on December 2, 1984.
 It occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984 at the

Union Carbide India Ltd, pesticide plant in Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh.
 A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from

the plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of
thousands of people.
 Estimates vary on the death toll. The official immediate

death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya
Pradesh.
Example of Successful Crisis Management
 The Pepsi Corporation faced a crisis in 1993,

which was successfully managed by the company.
 In 1993, claims of syringes being found in cans of diet

Pepsi were made.
 Company urged stores not to remove the product from

shelves while it had the cans and the situation
investigated.
 Pepsi released videos and made public, showing the

production process to demonstrate that such tampering
was impossible within their factories.
 Crisis was managed through effective communication.

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Crisis management - Types and Examples

  • 2. Crisis  Crisis is any event that is expected to lead to, an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community or whole society.  It is a situation that is unpredictable, but it is not unexpected.
  • 3. Common features of Crisis         The situation materialises unexpectedly. Decisions are required urgently. Time is short. Urgent demands for information are received. There is sense of loss of control. Pressures build over time. Routine business become increasingly difficult. Reputation suffers.
  • 4. Types of Crisis  Financial Crisis  Technological Crisis  Crisis of Malevolence  Natural Crisis  Crisis of Deception  Workplace Violence
  • 5. Financial Crisis  These are the crisis that occur in an organization due to its prevailing financial conditions.  Losses, increase in costs, non-availability of funds, bankruptcy, unable to pay back loans, etc.
  • 6. Examples of Financial Crisis  Kingfisher Airlines, recently faced a financial crisis.  Deutsche Bank faced a financial crisis in USA, in 2009.
  • 7. Technological Crisis  Technological crisis are caused by human application of science and technology. This occurs when technology becomes complex and the system breaks down.  Software failures, Industrial accidents etc.
  • 8. Examples of Technological Crisis  Exxon Valdez, oil spill in Alaska, on March 24,1989.  Union Carbide India Ltd, gas leak in Bhopal, on December 2, 1984.
  • 9. Crisis of Malevolence  When opponents or miscreant individuals use extreme tactics for the purpose of expressing anger or seeking gain from, a company or economic system, perhaps with the aim of destroying it.  Product tampering, kidnapping, malicious rumors, terrorism etc.
  • 10. Example of Malevolence Crisis  The Tylenol (Extra-Strength capsules) murder case in Chicago, on 29 September, 1982.
  • 11. Natural Crisis  Natural crisis, are natural disasters considered as 'acts of God,' are such environmental phenomena.  Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes and hurricanes, floods, landslides, tsunamis, storms, and droughts etc.
  • 12. Examples of Natural Crisis  The Power Project of Jaiprakash Associates, at Nathpa, in Himachal Pradesh was devastated by floods.  The Indian Ocean earthquake (Tsunami) , in 2004.
  • 13. Crisis of Deception  Crisis of deception occur when management conceals or misrepresents information about itself and its products in its dealing with consumers and others.
  • 14. Example of Crisis of Deception  Dow Corning’s silicone- gel controversy in Michigan, USA.  The Satyam scam, which came into light, in 2009
  • 15. Workplace Violence and Rumors  Crisis occur when an employee(s) or former employee(s) commits an act of violence against other employees on organizational grounds.  Rumors are, when false information about an organization or its products creates crises hurting it’s reputation.
  • 16. Example of Workplace Violence and Rumors  A workplace violence had occurred between the laborers and higher authority, in Vardhman Group of Companies.  Procter & Gamble’s Logo controversy in 1985.
  • 17. Crisis Management  Crisis management is the process by which an organization deals with a major event that threatens to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public.
  • 18. Crisis Management Plan  Gather facts.  Be prepared.  Communicate quickly and accurately conduct brainstorming.  Develop policies to minimize crisis.  Assemble and organize resources.  Create a Crisis Management Team.
  • 19. Example of Unsuccessful Crisis Management  Union Carbide India Ltd, gas leak tragedy in Bhopal, on December 2, 1984.
  • 20.  It occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Ltd, pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.  A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of thousands of people.  Estimates vary on the death toll. The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya Pradesh.
  • 21. Example of Successful Crisis Management  The Pepsi Corporation faced a crisis in 1993, which was successfully managed by the company.
  • 22.  In 1993, claims of syringes being found in cans of diet Pepsi were made.  Company urged stores not to remove the product from shelves while it had the cans and the situation investigated.  Pepsi released videos and made public, showing the production process to demonstrate that such tampering was impossible within their factories.  Crisis was managed through effective communication.