1. AED 1313 Semester 1 2013/2014
INTRODUCTION TO BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Compiled by
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (AED)
CENTRE FOR FOUNDATION STUDIES (CFS)
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

2. CONTENTS WEEK 1
 Definitions of terms
 Natural Environment
 Built Environment
 Environmental Design
 Environmental design
components
 What and who are involved in
shaping the built environment
 Factors affecting the shape and
design of the built environment
 Overview of the construction
industry and the professions
 Definition
 Types of professions

4. DEFINITION OF TERMS
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTNATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Consists of natural biologicalnatural biological
communitiescommunities i.e. naturally occurring
species of flora and fauna, that are
able to maintain themselves andable to maintain themselves and
their abiotictheir abiotic (non-living
components) environment.

5. DEFINITION OF TERMS – cont.
BUILT ENVIRONMENTBUILT ENVIRONMENT
Built environmentBuilt environment refers to the manmademanmade
surroundings that provide the setting for humansurroundings that provide the setting for human
activity and livingactivity and living i.e. personal spaces from
skyscrapers to private houses.
These are arranged, designed and maintained
to fulfill: human purpose/ needs, wants andto fulfill: human purpose/ needs, wants and
valuesvalues.
The design and arrangement also considering
Surrounding context, topography, vegetation
And habitat.

6. DEFINITION OF TERMS –cont.
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
The science of understanding andThe science of understanding and
shaping the environment throughshaping the environment through
renewed awareness of ecology.renewed awareness of ecology.
The study of the interactions of organismsinteractions of organisms
and their environmentand their environment.
The applied disciplines (e.g. the design
and planning fields) are included in the
general field of “Environmental Design”.

7. NATURAL AND MAN-MADE
ENVIRONMENT
Natural BiologicalNatural Biological
CommunitiesCommunities
• Self-regulating
mechanisms
• Complex environment
• Less synthetic
• Heterogeneity
-biotic/abiotic
Man-madeMan-made
CommunitiesCommunities
• Man-made mechanisms
(heating, cooling, ventilation)
• Simple environment
• More synthetic
• Homogenized -
biotic/abiotic

8. Any form of design that minimizesdesign that minimizes
environmentally disruptive impactsenvironmentally disruptive impacts
by integrating itself with living
processes.
This integration implies that the
design respectsdesign respects:
 species diversity,species diversity,
 minimizes resourceminimizes resource
depletion,depletion,
 preserves nutrient and waterpreserves nutrient and water
cycles,cycles,
 maintains habitat quality,maintains habitat quality,
andand
 attends to all the otherattends to all the other
preconditions of human andpreconditions of human and
well-being of ecosystemwell-being of ecosystem
ECOLOGICAL DESIGN

9. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
It consists of 7 major components:
1. PRODUCTS
2. INTERIORS
3. STRUCTURES
4. LANDSCAPES
5. CITIES
6. REGIONS
7. EARTH
Interrelations between components are
very important to the formulation of the Built
Environment.
Integration of the disciplines within the
components are crucial, i.e. collaboration
of various professions
KLIA
Kuala Lumpur

10. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
PRODUCTSPRODUCTS
Any man made objects purpose
to serve functions and human
needs for living. Factor such as
accessibility, comfort,
aesthetic, cultural and style
influenced the varieties of
production.

11. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
INTERIORSINTERIORS
A space defined by anspace defined by an
arranged grouping of productsarranged grouping of products
and within the enclosure of aand within the enclosure of a
structurestructure; generally created to
enhance activities, serveenhance activities, serve
functions and mediate externalfunctions and mediate external
factorsfactors (living room, work rooms,
private rooms, stadiums, etc.)

12. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
A planned grouping of spacesspaces
defined by and construction ofdefined by and construction of
productsproducts forms.
 Generally combining related
activities into composite structures
(building, highways, bridges, tunnels,
etc.)
 Structures have both, internal spacesinternal spaces
and external formand external form characteristics.
STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES

13. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
LANDSCAPESLANDSCAPES
Exterior spaces and or setting forExterior spaces and or setting for
planned grouping of structures andplanned grouping of structures and
spaces blend with surroundingspaces blend with surrounding
natural conditions.natural conditions.
(courtyard, malls, parks,
landscapes, sites for home and
other structures, farm, countryside,
national forest)

14. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
CITIESCITIES
Grouping of structures or landscape ofGrouping of structures or landscape of
varying sizes and complexities in a certainvarying sizes and complexities in a certain
boundaries of district, state or regionboundaries of district, state or region.
 Generally clustered together to define aclustered together to define a
community for economic, social ,community for economic, social ,
cultural and environmental reasonscultural and environmental reasons
(Subdivisions, neighborhood, villages or
town and cities of varying sizes)

15. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
REGIONSREGIONS
Grouping of cities and landscapes ofGrouping of cities and landscapes of
various sizes and complexitiesvarious sizes and complexities.
Generally stand by its own boundary
defined by common political, social,defined by common political, social,
economic and environmentaleconomic and environmental
characteristiccharacteristic
(the surrounding region of a city, a
state , a country continent).

16. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS
EARTHEARTH
All of the above & others directly and indirectly related in shaping
the environment.

17. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
DEFINITIONS
 CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
Process of building or assembling
infrastructure which relate to various fields
such as Architecture and civil engineering.
 INDUSTRYINDUSTRY
Includes a wide range of integratedrange of integrated
professions who construct, alter, refurbishprofessions who construct, alter, refurbish
(renew) and repair a wide range of building(renew) and repair a wide range of building
and civil engineering structures.

18. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY – cont.CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY – cont.
Construction is divided into 2 major
areas ,namely building & civilbuilding & civil
engineering :engineering :
 BuildingBuilding- shelter,
 Civil engineeringCivil engineering – essential
services to make buildings
operative e.g. railways, roads,
reservoirs, waste water systems,
power stations, harbors, dams.

19. COMPONENT IN CONSTRUCTIONCOMPONENT IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY
Construction is divided into 3 major
components:
1.Design and development.
-Planning, design, and development of
construction.
-Planning, Architecture, Interior
Architecture, Landscape Architecture.
2. Specialist design/Enrichment of design
factor.
-Aesthetic, value, innovation.
-Industrial design, conservation.
3. Construction management.
-Manage cost, time and quality from start
till end of construction.
-Quantity Surveyor, contractor, supplier.

20. PROFESSIONS -PlanningPROFESSIONS -Planning
REGIONSREGIONS
REGIONAL PLANNERSREGIONAL PLANNERS
Planners (urban & regional) are
concerned with issues that affect
the world - the preservation andpreservation and
enhancement of the quality of lifeenhancement of the quality of life
in a community, the protection ofin a community, the protection of
the environment, the promotion ofthe environment, the promotion of
equitable economic opportunity,equitable economic opportunity,
and the management of growthand the management of growth
and change of all kinds.

21. PROFESSIONS – PlanningPROFESSIONS – Planning
CITIESCITIES
URBAN DESIGNERS AND PLANNERSURBAN DESIGNERS AND PLANNERS
Professional who works in the field of urbanurban
planning for the purpose of maximizing theplanning for the purpose of maximizing the
effectiveness of a community's land useeffectiveness of a community's land use
and infrastructureand infrastructure.
They formulate plans for the developmentplans for the development
and management of urban and suburbanand management of urban and suburban
areasareas, typically analyzing land use
compatibility as well as economic,
environmental and social trends.

22. PROFESSIONS – Design developmentPROFESSIONS – Design development
STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES
ARCHITECTSARCHITECTS
An architect is trained and licensed intrained and licensed in
planning and designing buildingsplanning and designing buildings, and
participates in supervising the construction
of a building.
ENGINEERSENGINEERS
Profession of applying technical, scientificapplying technical, scientific
and mathematical knowledge in order toand mathematical knowledge in order to
use natural laws and physical resources touse natural laws and physical resources to
help designhelp design and implement materials,
structures, machines, devices, systems,
and processes.
(Civil & Structural, Mechanical, Electrical)

23. INTERIORSINTERIORS
INTERIOR ARCHITECTSINTERIOR ARCHITECTS
A profession concerned with
anything that is built inside a spaceanything that is built inside a space -
walls, windows, doors, finishes,
textures, light, furnishings and
furniture.
All of these elements are used by
interior designers to develop a
functional, safe, and aestheticallyfunctional, safe, and aesthetically
pleasing spacepleasing space for a building's user.
PROFESSIONS – Design DevelopmentPROFESSIONS – Design Development

24. PROFESSIONS – Design DevelopmentPROFESSIONS – Design Development
LANDSCAPELANDSCAPE
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT ANDLANDSCAPE ARCHITECT AND
PLANNERSPLANNERS
A profession involving in the planning,planning,
design of an exterior landscape ordesign of an exterior landscape or
space.space.

25. PROFESSIONS- Specialist DesignPROFESSIONS- Specialist Design
PRODUCTPRODUCT
PRODUCT DESIGNERSPRODUCT DESIGNERS
The role of a product designer
encompasses many characteristics of
the marketing manager, product
manager, industrial designer and
design engineer.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERSINDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS
The role of an Industrial Designer is to
create and execute design solutionscreate and execute design solutions
towards problems of form, usability,
user
ergonomics, engineering, marketing,
brand development and sales.

26. PROFESSIONS – Specialist DesignPROFESSIONS – Specialist Design
CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
CONSERVATORCONSERVATOR
A profession which responsible to
conserve and preserve existing entity
(building/artifacts/natural heritage)
which have its own historical, cultural
and heritage identity to the nation.

27. PROFESSIONS – ManagementPROFESSIONS – Management
QUANTITY SURVEYORS (QS)QUANTITY SURVEYORS (QS)
Professional person working within
the construction industry. The role of
the QS, in general terms, is to
manage and control contracts andmanage and control contracts and
costs within construction projectscosts within construction projects.
CONTRACTORSCONTRACTORS
An independent contractor is a
natural person, business, ornatural person, business, or
corporation which provides goods orcorporation which provides goods or
services to another entityservices to another entity under
terms specified in a contract or
within a verbal agreement.

28. PROFESSIONS – ManagementPROFESSIONS – Management
PROJECT MANAGERSPROJECT MANAGERS
A project manager is a professional in
the field of project managementproject management.
Project managers can have the
responsibility of the planning,planning,
execution, and closing of any projectexecution, and closing of any project,
typically relating to construction
industry.

29. STAKEHOLDERSSTAKEHOLDERS
AUTHORITIES.AUTHORITIES.
• Local Bodies which own or giving
any approval for constructed project
for the interest of nation in term of
safety, health and accessibility.
• Contribute fund as the owner of the
project.
• Government or state authorities.
• Department relate to government
sector or ministry.

30. EARTH DAY
Celebrated on April 22, Earth Day
reminds people to care for and
protect the world in which we live.
The history of Earth Day started in
the early 1960s, by U.S. Senator
Gaylord Nelson who became
concerned about the
environment.
The 1st
Earth day was celebrated
on 22nd
April 1970 in United States
and from then, Earth Day has
became an international
observance. People all over the
world have recognized that the
planet needs their help, and they
are working to make Earth a safer,

31. NATURAL DISASTER- Tsunami
Natural disaster – Tsunami, el-
Nino, La Nina.
Influenced by countless
variables, including variations in
earth’s orbit, the strength of
ocean currents, and possible
human influences on the
environment.
National Geographic, vol 195,
no 3
March 1999.

32. Flash Flood
Due to uncertain condition
of rain, uncontrolled
development, (planning
setback, green area and
poor drainage system.

33. Land erosion
Uncontrolled development
especially at hillside, trees and
improper land cutting have
disturbed the stability of soil and
cause land erosion which create
disaster and impact to
surrounding impact.
Bukit Antarabangsa, Ampang.
Dec 6, 2008

34. Structural stability
Highland Tower Tragedy 11
Dec,1993.
Uncontrolled development,
improper method of construction
and ignorance of natural
composition of land condition
created internal land erosion
and slowly effected the
structural stability of building’s
foundation.