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Week architecture updated
1. AED1313
Introduction to Built Environment
Compiled by
Department Of Architecture And Environmental Design
Centre For Foundation Studies
International Islamic University Malaysia
2. Contents
What is architecture?
Overview of the architect’s profession
Architectural Styles
Vernacular VS Indigenous architecture
Islamic architecture
Sustainable and ecological design
3. ARCHITECTURE?
The art and science of
designing and constructing
buildings or open area, commune
areas and other artificial
constructions or environment
usually with some regard to
aesthetic
Its basic function is to provide
shelter for various human activities
by enclosing space.
4. Architect’s Act
The architect of Malaysia are bound
under the Architects Act 1967 (Revise
1973) that provides statutory authority to
architects in implementing their
responsibilities under the supervision of
the Board of Architects, Malaysia.
5. The Profession
Science + Art
To produce a structure as well as
creating forms
To visualize the interior as well as the
exterior of a building
To ensure the accommodation related to
requirements of inhabitants
To ensure form and construction of the
building are appropriate to function of
the building and its setting
6. Architect’s Scope of Work
Building and designing
Master planning
Interior designing
Project managing
Building graphics – Computer Graphics,
Presentation
Drawings and model making
8. Stage 1: Designing the building
Advice client on suitability/feasibility of project
Forming project brief according to client’s requirements
Helping client in the estimation of project’s cost
Suggest to client possible parties for design consultant team
Designing in collaboration with other consultants
Compliance of design with government requirements:
drawing submission to authorities e.g. DBKL, Bomba, JKR
Prepare Developed design/detailed design
preparation of contract
Arrange meetings at regular intervals with client, consultant and other
during design stage
Act as the middle party between the client and consultants/contractor
9. 1. Identify
the Problem
2. Prepare
The Design
Brief
3.
Investigation
& Research
4. Identify
Possible
Solutions
5. Choose
Best
Solution
6. Develop
Solution
7.
Implement
Solution
8. Test
Solution
9. Evaluate
& Report
Findings
10. Presentation of design drawing for early
discussion with client.
Design drawing for early cost estimation
Detail and comprehensive working drawings
for project tendering and construction
Stage 2: Preparation
of drawings
11. Stage 3: Supervision of
Construction Works
Briefing to all consultants and contractors on the building design
Arrange meetings for construction progress at regular intervals
Arrange visit to construction site at regular intervals
Organize appropriate payment/process to contractor
Ensure contractor to:
Work according to design
Follow authority regulation and contract agreement
Coordinate with consultants regarding other disciplines’ drawing
Control the work to not exceeding the cost of building
12. Architectural Practice
Single
small scale company
owned by an individual
handle small scale projects
○ housing and renovation
Partnership
consists of few partners/principle and
associates
Advantages
○ easy to get projects
○ easy to delegate jobs/projects
○ segregation of office management/ control
most practices commonly found in Malaysia
13. Architectural Practice
Group Practice/ Consortia
Recent trends especially in
large government projects
○ Putrajaya, KLIA, KLCC and
Bukit Jalil
Group of architectural
practices/firms form a group
to work on one major project
for a common client
Normally a project
management firm will be
coordinating or organizing
project
14. Architectural Practice
Personnel normally found
in an architectural firm :
Principle / Director
Architect – Design Architect,
Project Architect
Residence Architect
Assistant Architect
Technical Assistant
Draughtsman – Senior,
Intermediate and junior
General Worker – Clerk of
Work
Administration Staff
15. Professional Bodies
PAM – Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia
Provides council, Committee members,
Malaysian architectural policies, by Laws,
Constitution and news
LAM – Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia
Provide Acts, regulations, registrations,
accreditation,publications and practices
informations
16. How to register as an
ARCHITECT?
Those who have obtained qualifications
recognized by LAM and PAM are
exempted from the Part I & II
examination. The Part 3 Examination is
mandatory for every would-be architect.
Upon passing the Part 3 Examination,
one may become a member of PAM and
register with LAM as an Architect.
○ Excerpt from
http://www.pam.org.my/career_guidance.asp
17. Career Opportunities
Government or Public Architect
Corporate/Professional Architect
Project Manager
Specialist in CADD
Researcher
Consultant or Advisor
Graphic Illustrator
Academician
Developer, Entrepreneur, Contractor,
Manufacturer, Software programmer
19. Definition
An architectural style is a specific
method of construction, characterized by
the features that make it notable. A style
may include such elements as form,
method of construction, materials, and
regional character. Most architecture
can be classified as a chronology of
styles which changes over time. These
may reflect changing fashions, changing
beliefs and religions, or the emergence
of new ideas and new technology which
make new styles possible.
20. Pre-Historic
Islamic
Classical Greece and Rome
Mediavel Europe
Reinassance
Neo Classicism
Revivalism and orientalism
Industrial Revolution
Modernism
Architecture Style
23. Architecture style in Malaysia have been
influenced by various source since the earliest
period of maritime and navigation and exploration
in this part of this world (Asian).
The invasion of European colonial power
(Portuguese, Dutch and British) gave big impact
on the Architectural typologies in Malaysia.
Religion, economic and cultural activities
influenced the pattern of architectural typologies
especially on domestic usage.
Usage of appropriate materials, consideration of
climate possesses as a design principle that are
still relevant for Contemporary Architecture.
Architecture Style in
Malaysia
24. Pre-Historic-tomb, altars
Islamic – Mosque, Sultanate of Malacca Period,
Traders from India and Arab.
Malay house
Mediavel Europe- Church, fortification
(Portuegese)
Reinassance/Clasisicism – Governor’s House
(Dutch)
Colonial Architecture- British Invasion.
Shop houses, temples- Chinese/Indian.
Modern- After Independence- public buildings.
Architecture Style in
Malaysia
28. Definition
A term used to categorize methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve
over time (accepted civilization) to
reflect the environmental, cultural and
historical context in which it exists.
Vernacular IS NOT Indigenous
All indigenous architecture IS vernacular
architecture
29. Influences in Vernacular
Architecture
Local climate & site condition
Culture & the way of life
Local materials & construction methods
Energy & resource efficient
30. Case Study: Traditional Malay
House
Built without architect
Display of a good fit to the culture, lifestyle
and socio-economic needs of the user
The honest and efficient use of materials and
appropriate climatic design
High degree of user and community
participation
A sense of belonging and responsibility to
the built environment
Creates a well-designed and healthy living
environment which it self maintained
31. Case Study: Traditional Malay
House
Low-cost, affordable and self-reliant
Efficiently designed to suit the local
climatic requirements using various
ventilation and solar-control devices and
low thermal capacity building
Built with natural materials like wood, attap
& other forest products
Raised on stilts
A prefabricated building system which is
flexible and varied to suit the needs of the
users
36. Definition
Encompasses a wide range of both secular
and religious styles from the foundation of
Islam to the present day, influencing the
design and construction of buildings and
structures in Islamic culture.
37. Principles
Relying both on the technical-scientific
and on the artistic-creative principles of
architecture.
The relationship between architecture
and the Islamic creed found its
expression in the monotheist spirit as a
religious foundation, and in the very
Islamic precepts, principles, and
traditions.
38. Ties with Allah
Ties with the
environment
Ties with
fellow man
Basic Principles of Islamic
Architecture
39. Principles
Adapted and responded to different
cultures and existing traditions of
buildings without weakening the spiritual
essence which was its source of
inspiration.
▪ (Sources: Jones, D: Architecture of the Islamic World;
Islamic Arts and Architecture Organisation)
40. Characteristics
Based on Islamic values
Common character:
Worshipping
○ Encourage Muslim to abide His Laws
○ Decoration is to represent the beauty of
Jannatulfirdaus
Human Scale
○ designed for human (privacy, natural
ventilation, water elements, etc)
○ Internal space is richly ornamented
Unity
○ Authentic identity
41. Notable buildings in Islamic
Architecture history
Mosque
Madrasa
Souq/ Market
Caravanserai
Hammam
44. The main components of a mosque - contd.
The Mihrab, minbar, DikkaThe prayer hall
The iwan ( Eyvan): Jama’
Masjid, Delhi
45. Main components of a mosque-
contd.
The Kursi
The kursi is basically a
bookstand on which the
Muslim holy book, the
Qur'an, is placed.
The Kolah/pool The minaret
Minaret of the
Muhammed Ali Mosque,
Cairo
Fountain in the Courtyard of the
Mohammed Ali Mosque, Cairo
52. Light as element in
mosque
Muqarnas inside the
dome
Colourful window in
Suleymaniye Mosque,
Istanbul.
Highly intricate screen in
Fatehpur Sikri,
India.
53. Geometric patterns make up
one of the three non-figural
types of decoration in Islamic
art, which also include
calligraphy and vegetal
patterns.
Geometry
The door
The wall
screen
The dome
54. Caravanserai in Karaj, Iran from the
Safavid era
Caravanserais
provided water for
drinking (for
animals and
people), and for
washing and ritual
ablutions.
Sometimes they
even had elaborate
baths. They also
kept fodder for
animals and had
shops for travellers
where they could
acquire new
supplies.
Caravanserai
55. Bazaar
A bazaar (Persian: ,بازار Hindi: बज़ार) is a marketplace, often covered,
typically found in areas of Persian, Indian and some Islamic culture.
The word derives from the Persian word bāzār, whose etymology
goes back to the Pahlavi word baha-char ()بهاچار meaning "the
place of prices". ( WIKIPEDIA)
58. Sustainable Design?
Also called environmental design,
environmentally sustainable design,
environmentally-conscious design, etc.)
Def.: The philosophy of designing physical
objects, the built environment, and services
to comply with the principles of economic,
social, and ecological sustainability.
Its application range from the microcosm — small
objects for everyday use, through to the
macrocosm — buildings, cities, and the earth's
physical surface.
59. Sustainable Design?
Can be applied in the fields of architecture,
landscape architecture, urban design, urban
planning, engineering, graphic design, industrial
design, interior design, and fashion design.
The intention: To "eliminate negative
environmental impact completely through
skillful, sensitive design".
A general reaction to global environmental crises,
the rapid growth of economic activity and human
population, depletion of natural resources,
damage to ecosystems, and loss of biodiversity.
60. Common Principles of SD
Use Low-impact materials
choose non-toxic, sustainably-produced or
recycled materials which require little energy to
process
Energy efficiency
use manufacturing processes and produce
products which require less energy
Quality and durability
longer-lasting and better-functioning products will
have to be replaced less frequently, reducing the
impacts of producing replacements.
61. Common Principles of SD
Design for reuse and recycling
Products, processes, and systems should be
designed for performance in a commercial
'afterlife'.
Apply Design Impact Measures for total carbon
footprint and life-cycle assessment for any
resource used
○ It is increasingly required and available.
○ Healthy Buildings
- sustainable building design aims to create buildings that
are not harmful to their occupants nor to the larger
environment. An important emphasis is on indoor
environmental quality, especially indoor air quality.
62. Common Principles of SD
Renewability
materials should
come from
nearby (local or
bioregional),
sustainably-
managed
renewable
sources that can
be composted
when their
usefulness has
been
exhausted.
Editor's Notes
Notes to lecturers: This is the main idea of inculcating Islamic teachings and values into architecture. Respecting these ties means we are observing all teachings and values in Islam.