Based on the TWI instructional model, the Job Safety (JS) program creates a simple and logical framework by which supervisors can prevent accidents from happening—by learning how to analyze the causes of accidents and eliminating them before they happen. In addition to physical causes, JS emphasizes the role in which people’s feelings and attitudes contribute to accidents. Moreover, it stresses that the relationship of the supervisor and employees plays a pivotal role in a safe and environmentally responsible workplace. Job Safety has successfully improved workplace safety and reduced hazardous situations in industries such as manufacturing, construction and healthcare. Companies practicing Job Safety experience lower incident rates, fewer accidents and injuries, better morale, less down time and improved safety records and inspection results. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Improve Job Safety based on the 4-Step method for JS 2. Perform a Job Safety breakdown 3. Give proper Job Safety instruction 4. Learn how to spot and avoid hazards 5. Understand a Supervisor’s major safety responsibilities CONTENTS Introduction to TWI - JS Definition of a Supervisor 5 Basic Needs of Supervisors Definition of Safety Incident The Incident Chain Heinrich's Accident Pyramid Four Steps for Job Safety Job Safety Breakdown Job Safety Instruction How to Spot Hazards How to Avoid Hazards Three Rules for Making Safety Instructions Supervisor’s Major Safety Responsibilities  To download this presentation, please visit: http://www.oeconsulting.com.sg

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TWI Program: Job Safety

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Learning Objectives
1. Improve Job Safety based on the
4-Step method for JS
2. Perform a Job Safety breakdown
3. Give proper Job Safety
instruction
4. Learn how to spot and avoid
hazards
5. Understand a Supervisor’s major
safety responsibilities
Copyrights of all the pictures used in this presentation are held by their respective owners.

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Outline
1. Introduction to Job Safety
2. Four Steps of Job Safety
3. Job Safety Breakdown
4. How to Spot Hazards
5. How to Avoid Hazards
6. Supervisor’s Major Safety Responsibilities
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Program Benefits
• Fewer safety violations
• Fewer accidents on the job
• More safety-conscious culture

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Basic Needs of Good Supervisors
SKILL
Instructing
Leading
Improving
Methods
Work
Responsibilities
KNOWLEDGE Safety

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Supervisor Duties in Regard to Safety
Scope Duties
Supervision/leadership  Pre-task planning and hazard analysis
 Giving direction while work is being carried out
 Training and guidance of workers
Jobs  Setting work standards
 Improving work methods
 Proper assignment of workers
Things  Equipment safety
 Maintenance and improvement of work
environment
 Safety inspection
People  Raising safety awareness of workers
 Bringing out people’s ideas
People-things-jobs  Taking action on abnormalities
 Taking action when injuries occur

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Objective of Job Safety (JS)
• Engage employees in
identifying and
eliminating potential
safety hazards
• Break the chain of
events that lead to
incidents

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Safety Incident – A Definition
An Incident is …
An abnormal occurrence which has the
potential to lead to an injury or loss.

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Accidents Don’t Happen by Accident!
The Incident Chain
The Incident Chain
Unsafe Acts or Conditions
Incidents

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Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid
1 Major
injury
29 Minor
injuries
300 No-injury
accidents

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Break the Incident Chain
To Prevent Incidents,
You Must Break the Chain!
You Must Break The Chain
X XXUnsafe Acts or Conditions
Incidents

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Difference Between Job Instruction
(JI) & Job Safety (JS)
• JI – concerned with how to instruct
• JS – concerned with how to find hazards in jobs
and put them over as part of job instruction

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The 4-Step Method for JS
1
2
3
4
Spot the Causes of Danger
Decide on Countermeasures
Enforce Countermeasures
Check Results

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Job Safety Card
JOB SAFETY CARD
The meaning of safety is to consider measures and
take action BEFORE a safety incident. It is NOT to
handle the aftermath.
1. Spot the causes of danger
• Check the situation. Check the record. Talk to people.
• Consider both things and people.
• Always be aware.
• Foresee risks of incidents and injuries.
Dig down deep
2. Decide on countermeasures
• Fit the causes together; consider their bearings on
each other.
• Ask people who have detailed knowledge.
• Think of several countermeasures.
• Make sure of alignment with policies, regulations and
standards.
• Decide on back-up measures too.
Are you yourself the cause?
3. Enforce countermeasures
• Can you handle this yourself?
• Do you need support from your supervisor?
• Whose cooperation should you get?
Put into effect immediately
4. Check results
• Check and check again
• Was it carried out for certain?
• Were the causes eliminated?
Has any new causes arisen?
Safety Incidents Are Caused – Break the Chain
FIVE HAZARD SPOTS
1. Work area
2. Material handling
3. Machines
4. Tools
5. Improper clothing
HOW TO AVOID SAFETY HAZARDS
1. Remove hazard
2. Use protective equipment
3. Teach safe job method
PEOPLE CONSIDERATIONS
• Capabilities
• Mental and physical state
• Use of personal protective equipment
• Handling of tools
• Human relations
- Doesn’t Know
- Cannot Do
- Doesn’t Care
- Doesn’t Do
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Proper housekeeping
• Scrupulous Inspection and Maintenance
• Standard Operating Procedures
A Supervisor’s Department Is Only As Safe
As He Makes It

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Activity: 4 Steps of Job Safety
Instructions
1. In your respective groups, discuss safety at
your workplaces. What kinds of safety
incidents and injuries did you have so far? List
these examples on the flip chart.
2. What can you do to prevent these kinds of
incidents before they happen?
3. Which part(s) of the JS card can help you in
preventing incidents and injuries?

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Safety Breakdown Sheet
BREAKDOWN SHEET
For Safety Instruction
Job :
Supervisor :
MAJOR STEPS KEY POINTS
SAFETY
INSTRUCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.

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Example of Safety Breakdown Sheet
BREAKDOWN SHEET
For Safety Instruction
Job : Tote Box
Supervisor : John Doe
MAJOR STEPS KEY POINTS SAFETY INSTRUCTION
1. Observe · Last row
· Yellow ends –
old machines
· Condition of box
· Tripping, slipping hazards
· Projections
· Silvers, nail
2. Pick up box · Strain
· Protect feet
· Feet equal distance from box
· Feet narrow spread –
balance
· Feet directly under body
· Back straight
· Bend at knees
· Lift with leg muscles
· Safety shoes
3. Carry box · Clear path · Tripping, slipping hazards
· Projections
4. Put down box · Strain
· Pinch finger
· Reverse lifting method
· Let front edge down first

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Five Hazard Spots
1. Work area
2. Material handling
3. Machines
4. Tools
5. Improper clothing
Picture credit: National Safety Council

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Hazard Spot – Work Area
1. Housekeeping (tripping,
slipping)
2. Piling, improper
storage, floor loads,
blocking
3. Illumination
4. Cramped quarters
5. Corners
6. Stairs
7. Inclines
8. Blind exits
9. Aisles
10. Ventilation
11. Holes, excavations
12. Exposed surfaces –
electrical, hot, sharp,
etc.

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Hazard Spot – Material Handling
1. Heavy
2. Rough
3. Sharp
4. Long
5. Poisonous
6. Hot
7. Explosive
8. Slippery
9. Fragile
10. Acid
11. Alkali

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Hazard Spot - Machines
1. Point of operation – cutting,
punching, forming, etc.
2. Power transmission – line
shafts, other shafting, belts,
gears, etc.
3. Pinch points
4. Projections
5. Flying pieces
Picture credit: National Safety Council

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Hazard Spot - Tools
1. Proper tools
2. Proper use of tools
3. Proper condition of tools
4. Proper place for tools

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Hazard Spot – Improper Clothing
1. Loose, ragged
2. Flammable
3. Neckties
4. Jewelry
5. High heels
6. Badly worn shoes
Picture credit: National Safety Council

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Difference Between Safety Key Point
& Safety Instructions
• Safety Key Point is a reminder of a hazard. It
is merely a word or two that brings to mind
during instruction the existence of a danger
point in the job.
• Safety Instructions are the directions we give
the worker to see that he avoids the hazard of
which the key point reminds us

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3 Rules for Making Safety
Instructions
1. Remove hazard
2. Use protective equipment
3. Teach safe job method
Picture credit: National Safety Council

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People Considerations
• Capabilities
• Mental and physical state
• Use of personal protective
equipment
• Handling of tools
• Human relations
 Doesn’t Know
 Cannot Do
 Doesn’t Care
 Doesn’t Do
Picture credit: National Safety Council

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Environmental Considerations
• Proper housekeeping
• Scrupulous Inspection
and Maintenance
• Standard Operating
Procedures

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Supervisor’s Major Safety
Responsibilities
1. To instruct each worker thoroughly in the safety
precautions of his job
2. To follow up safety training constantly
3. To keep all safety devices in proper use
4. To set a good safety example

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Integrated Continuous Improvement
System
Safety Is At the Heart of
Supervisory Skills!

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A Supervisor’s Department
Is Only As Safe
As He Makes It

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About Operational
Excellence Consulting

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About Operational Excellence
Consulting
• Operational Excellence Consulting is a management
training and consulting firm that assists organizations in
improving business performance and effectiveness.
• The firm’s mission is to create business value for
organizations through innovative operational excellence
management training and consulting solutions.
• OEC takes a unique “beyond the tools” approach to enable
clients develop internal capabilities and cultural
transformation to achieve sustainable world-class excellence
and competitive advantage. For more information, please visit
www.oeconsulting.com.sg

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