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Musculoskeletal disorders among hospital staff, Dr Kanagalakshmi
1. Work Station Evaluation And Proper
Ergonomics
Dr. Kanagalakshmi, MD (Com. Medicine)
Staff Student Health Services
Christian Medical College, Vellore
3. Ergonomics
• Ergonomics is the science of designing a safe, comfortable
and productive workplace
• Matching the job to the worker and the product to the
user.
5. Physical Ergonomics
• Physical ergonomics is the
human body’s responses to
physical and physiological
work loads.
• Includes repetitive strain
injuries from repetition,
vibration, force, and posture
6. Cognitive Ergonomics
• Cognitive ergonomics deals
with the mental processes
and human capacities when
at work.
• The application
of psycology to work.
• Includes mental strain from
workload, decision making,
human error, and training.
7. Organizational Ergonomics
• Organizational ergonomics
deals with the organizational
structures, policies and
processes in the work
environment
• Includes team work,
motivation, job satisfaction,
shift work, scheduling and
ethics
8. Benefits of Ergonomics
• Decreased injury risk
• Decreased mistakes
• Decreased lost work day
• Increased productivity
• Increased efficiency
• Improved morale
25. Ergonomics In Pipette
• Maintain straight wrists
• Always have a relaxed but firm grip on the pipette
• Keep elbows and your body close to your work
• For every 15 minutes of pipette work, take a 2 minute
break
26. Evaluation Methods
Observation and scoring
• Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)
• HSE upper limb risk assessment (posture, repetition, vibration,
force)
• NIOSH lifting equation - Risk of low back disorders with repeated
lifting
• PLIBEL- A method assigned for identification of ergonomic hazard
• Quick Exposure Check (QEC)
• Occupation safety and health administration(OSHA ) computer
workstation checklist
Computerised software analysis
• Ovako Working posture Assessment System(OWAS) posture, load
and force
• PATH (Posture, Activity, Tool and Handling)
• Ergonomic analysis (ERGAN) only posture
27. Our Experience
• Study was conducted to find the prevalence of neck pain
and potential risk factors associated with severe work
related neck pain.
• Study was done among the permanent staff in the support
services including technicians in all the departments,
pharmacist, medical records and computer terminal
operators, clerical and administrative staff.
28. Methodology
• 600 staff were selected randomly and screened for neck
pain using self administered questionnaire
• 206 staff who reported to have neck pain within the last
3 months were invited to participate in evaluation of
neck pain in detail addressing the duration, etiology and
severity of neck pain.
29. Study Tools
Case control:
- Questionnaire
- OSHA checklist for work station
- ICMR psychosocial stress scale
30. Prevalence Of Neck Pain
Neck pain –
350, 63%
162, 29 %
44, 8%
Neck pain +
206, 37%
Work Related Neck Pain
n=558
Neck pain in last 3
months
Severe work related neck
pain
32. Risk Factors
• 44 (7.8 %) met the criteria set in this study for
severe work related neck pain.
• 43 staff with severe work related neck pain and
124 staff with no neck pain were selected for
case control study.
33. Significant Risk Factors For Severe
Work Related Neck Pain
• Female gender
• Being overweight or obese
• Working for more than 3 hours a day with
computer
• Lacking job control (control over how a job is
performed)
• Job demand (Perceived increased workload)
• Uncomfortable physical work environment
• Job requiring repetitive movements
• Bad work posture
34. Significant Risk Factors For Severe
Work Related Neck Pain
• Being overweight or obese
• Working for more than 3 hours a day with
computer
• Lacking job control (control over how a job is
performed)
• Job demand (Perceived increased workload)
• Uncomfortable physical work environment
• Job requiring repetitive movements
• Bad work posture
35. Prevention Program
• Preventive program for work related neck pain will be
focused on training on good work posture and serial
monitoring on posture.
• Frequent micro breaks in between the work time.
• Efforts to increase job control to the staff in planning their
work.
• Motivation program to maintain normal BMI
37. References
• Office ergonomics. A practical solution for a safer workplace. WISHA
Services Division, Washington State Department of Labor and
Industries
• Geoffrey David, Ergonomic methods for assessing exposure to risk
factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Occupational
Medicine 2005;55:190–199
• OSHA Ergonomic Solutions: Computer Workstations e-Tool -
Workstation Environment