Linux Operating System Resembles Unix Operating. System

Linux Operating System Resembles Unix Operating. System
Linux operating system resembles UNIX operating system a lot but they are not same. They are two
different operating systems. Linux operating system is created by considering UNIX as basis. It is
not only advanced in operating system development but it is also more powerful and easily available
to users. It is an open source software. Unlike any other operating system, user can take Linux and
modify the configurations of operating system as per their requirement. Like windows operating
system, Linux also has versions that are suitable for mobile, tablet devices and computers. Linux
operating system is named as Ubuntu. It has evolved a lot since 2008 until date. Main goal to be
achieved by developers of Linux was to develop a system that ... Show more content on
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These fields are known as process descriptors and are dynamically filled by kernel when execution
begins. System has various macros enabled by scheduler that help system in managing this process
table. Unlike other system, which has only one waiting queue for processes, Linux also has
semaphores. General queue has all the processes lined up for the processor to pick them up for
execution. While semaphores are used to solve the issues of mutual exclusion, and to understand
who is the producer of a process and customer. Process scheduler first scans all the processes that
are with status as ready and then based on predefined criteria processes are picked for execution.
While scheduling a process Linux has three different scheduling types from which it has to choose
one for each process: two real time processes and one normal process. Real time processes are
considered as high priority processes while normal processes are given low priority. As we learnt
earlier Linux wants to improvise on UNIX system and wants to introduce flexible operating system
even in terms of device management. Linux is device independent system, which makes it easy for
users to portably use devices form one system to other. Functionality is similar to UNIX, Linux has
device driver files which contain all the information required for the device to run and they are also
given minor and major device number which are helpful in identifying the
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The Mission Of The Task
Sheikh Usama Bin Mehboob Student I.D # S0264965 Assignment #2 Individual Assignment Table
of Contents: Title page 1 Table of contents 2 1– Project Scope 3 2– Assessment Part–A 3 3–
Assessment Part–B 12 4– References 14 1 Project Scope: The mission of the task involves
fundamental parameters and issues for accomplishing a strong extent of the project under taken by
the product development group. Then again, for the fruitful fulfilment of the project different
milestones are additionally presented and all are recorded toward the end of concerned ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Table–1 is the expression of accumulated milestones in Gantt chart view defined at the end of the
project and Table–2 is with their respective notation. Additional Milestones (Gantt chart view) Task
Name Duration Start Date Finish Date Predecessors S1 Concept Review Complete 0 days Mon
12/08/14 Mon 12/08/14 D1 Design Review Complete 0 days Tue 2/17/14 Tue 2/17/15 4,5,12,33,38
P1 proto build start 0 days Wed 4/1/15 Wed 4/1/15 49,46,4748,39,1 P2 proto build start 0 days Thu
7/16/15 Thu 7/16/15 52,53,54,44,6,24 D2 Final Design Review Complete 0 days Wed 10/7/15 Wed
10/7/15 8,9,10,37,36,44 L1 Launch Review 0 days Wed 11/4/15 Wed 11/4/15 58,59 b) Resources
Allocation: Resources are allocated with respect to the Work Breakdown Structure and network
diagram for production of the project. Figure is the expression of the resource sheet defined in the
project. Fig: Resources Allocation c) Tasks Names & Lists Headings: It can be view in the project
file attached and the title is given as CQVideoPartA1.mmp as required and mentioned in the report.
d) Holidays Description: Fig: Project Holidays Description e) Project Critical Path(s): Critical path
is the order of the project network activities that are adding up to form longest overall duration and
it also determines

Premiere Products Exercises
1. Create the TopLevelCust view described in Review Question 2. Display the data in the view.
CREATE VIEW TopLevelCust AS
SELECT CustomerNum,CustomerName, Street, City, State, Zip, CreditLimit
FROM Customer
2. Create the PartOrder view described in Review Question 3. Display the data in the view.
CREATE VIEW PartOrder AS
SELECT Part.PartNum, Part.Description, Part.Price, OrderLine.OrderNum,
OrderLine.NumOrdered, OrderLine.QuotedPrice, Orders.OrderDate
FROM Orders INNER JOIN (Part INNER JOIN OrderLine ON Part.[PartNum] = OrderLine.
[PartNum]) ON Orders.[OrderNum] = OrderLine.[OrderNum];
3. Create a view named OrdTot. It consists of the order number and order total for each order
currently on file.
(The order total is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7. Add a field named Allocation to the Part table. The allocation is a number representing the
number of units of each part that have been allocated to each customer. Set all Allocation values to
zero. Calculate the number of units of part number KV29 currently on order. Change the Allocation
value for part number KV29 to this number. Display all the data in the Part table.
8. Increase the length of the Warehouse field in the Part table to two characters. Change the
warehouse number for warehouse 1 to 1a. Display all the data in the Part table.
9. Delete the Allocation field from the Part table. Display all the data in the Part table.
10. What command would you use to delete the Part table from the Premiere Products database? (Do
not delete the Part table.)
DROP TABLE Part
11. Write a stored procedure that will change the price of a part with a given part number. How
would you use this stored procedure to change the price of part AT94 to $26.95?
CALL Change _Price ('AT94', 26.95)
12. Write the code for the following triggers following the style shown in the text.
a. When adding a customer, add the customer's balance times the sales rep's commission rate to the

commission for the corresponding sales rep.
b. When updating a customer, add the difference between the new balance and the old balance
multiplied by the sales rep's commission rate to

CSS350 IP5 Essay
CSS350–1301A–01 Computer Forensics 1
Key Assignment
David Laurin Jr.
February 11, 2013
Table of contents
Table of contents 2
Introduction to computer forensics 3
Computer forensics defined 3
Situations that might lead to the need for an investigation 4
Digital investigation processes and procedures 7
Collecting and preserving data 11
Investigation methodology and data analysis 16
Reporting the case 29
References 37
Introduction to computer forensics
Computer forensics defined In today's world it is an indisputable fact that computers and digital
devices are a part of our everyday lives. As such they are a part of our society whether they are used
for business or for personal reasons. There are many uses for computers. We can ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The employee's computer may also contain valuable information that can be extracted about the
downloading of the information. All of these avenues will provide a chain of auditable evidence
against the employee in question and could result in his dismissal as well as other civil legal action.
The third scenario involves the theft of a laptop computer. On October 31, 2012 there was a security
breach reported by NASA that a laptop computer was stolen from an employee's vehicle that
contained personal data on ten thousand users and was unencrypted. "NASA immediately began
working with local law enforcement after the laptop was stolen, with the goal of recovering the
computer and protecting the sensitive data" (Vijayan, 2012).
Information provided by IT Security about the serial number of the laptop and other identifying
features should have been well documented before the laptop ever left the NASA facility. Computer
forensics personal also would have had to investigate the people who will be affected by the
information on the stolen laptop so they can be informed and take appropriate action to protect their
identities. If the laptop is ever retrieved, computer forensics personal will need to investigate to see
if any sensitive information was accessed while the computer was missing and what information

was copied or changed.
The fourth

Data Storage And Retrieval Of Data On A Storage Medium
A file system (sometimes written filesystem) is the method used to control the storage and retrieval
of data on a storage medium. (4) It determines the way in which 'files' are named and how they are
logically organised on a disk or partition. (5) Without a file system, data held on a storage medium
would be one large block, with no method of determining the location of specific pieces of
information. By separating the data into identifiable blocks, the information can be easily located.
(1) Each grouping of data, which takes its name from the method of organising paper–based
information, is referred to as a "file". The file system is comprised of two specific parts: a collection
of files and a directory structure, which provides data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some programs will operate directly on sectors of a disk or partition, so they could desolate or
seriously corrupt any current filesystem. However, most programs operate at the filesystem level,
and subsequently will not operate correctly on a disk or partition that either does not contain a
filesystem, or contains the wrong type. (1) In order for a disk or partition to be used as a filesystem
it first must be 'initialised', this is where the bookkeeping data structures are written to the disk. This
process is referred to as 'making a filesystem'.
Initialising or Making a filesystem involves the grouping together of multiple sectors into 'blocks' to
optimize storage addressing. Generally, modern file systems use block sizes ranging from 1 up to
128 sectors (512–65536 bytes). (2) Each individual file is stored in 'unused' sectors of the disk or
partition. From there the file can be located by its known position and size. {1} However, how can
we know what sectors on the disk have been used and which haven't? Where is the metadata for
each of these files stored? These answers provide us with the file system. (2)
To comply with diverse requirements, many different types of file systems have been defined. Each
supporting completely different logic, structure, speed of data access, level of efficiency, security,
block size and more. Some have even been designed for a very specific purpose or application; for
example the file system designed specifically to make

Nt1330 Unit 1
Q1: Briefly explain designing requirements that's are required when designing the hardware and
software infrastructure:
Ans:
A) Storage requirements
B) Network requirements
C) CPU requirements
D) Memory requirements
Storage requirement: storage requirement is a first requirement in designing. When we give the
physical size of the database, you need to divide the transaction growth rate and data–dividing
requirements. Ehen we create a database we firstly need some storage requirements like Disk
throughput capacity, locations and the role of the database server and a disk space capacity to save
the database.
Network requirements: All database controller and base designers should have a some fundamentals
to understanding of the topology and volume of the network supporting the database servers
.because this fact is base decisions. Available bandwidth,
CPU requirements: CPU is a stands for central processing unit .it is the main part of computer.CPU
is the brain of the database
A) Type of CPU: To check the database into the system in the system. For each system we make a
list in current CPU we check speed, architecture and the weather of the processor Multicore or
capable of hyper threading.
B) Current CPU usage. To check the CPU usage we can set the baseline line of the CPU and we
check the CPU usage in the current progress .for check the collect basic operation data and the
number of user connection and amount of application data connect the operations data with the CPU

Case Study On Concur Interface
White Paper Concur Interface Project: Lufkin (GE Oil & Gas) Author: Hari Kanamarla Table of
Contents Abstract: 3 Concur Usage in Oil & Gas Business: 3 Impact of Concur in Oil & Gas
Business:...............................................................................................................3 Solution Design: 4
Master data Loding from SAP to Concur: 4 Expenses Submitted from Concur to SAP: 4 Month end
Accrual from Concur to SAP: 5 Conclusion/Summery: 5 How will Your use case Bring Value to
IGATE Business/Vertical: 5 About the Author: 5 Abstract This White paper is focused to showcase
how SAP will integrated to Concur Interface. GE Employees Submit T & L Through Concur for
Approval & Reimbursement. Concur Arranges details of all T & L Expenses in a file

Essay on Sippican Corporation
Product Gross Margin Calculation vs. Product Contribution Margin Calculation
Assigning the overhead costs to the products shows how profitable the products are after deducting
all cost. However, it is important to find the appropriate method of overhead cost allocation. In
Sippican's case the traditional accounting method is used, which does not reflect the real resource
usage of the different product lines. The correct method in this case would be to apply the time–
driven ABC approach for cost allocation. Such method apart from showing the actual profitability
after all cost deductions also depicts the differences in resource usage rates between the products
and, thus, allows for identification of cost drivers. A contribution margin ... Show more content on
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This method did not account for any specific cost arising from the complexity, diversity or other
production related specifics of the product line. In contrary, the time–driven ABC approach does
account for all the nuances of each product line. From the table can also be inferred that the practical
capacity is not totally used since at the end there is a total of $28,288 of unused resources. Table 3
summarizes the capacity utilization of various resources.
Table 3: Capacity Utilization Rates
Note: For exact calculations please see the attached excel file.
The significant shift in cost and profitability of flow controllers can be mainly explained by the
considerably higher engineering and setup expenses (machines and labor). The latter arises due to
the higher component number (10) of the flow controllers (resulting in higher complexity) which
leads to a higher number of production runs and, thus, raises the number of setup hours. The number
of production runs is further increased by the on average small batch sizes (see Table 4).
Table 4: Average Batch Sizes for Production Runs and Shipments
Note: For exact calculations please see the attached excel file.
The time–driven ABC approach reveals that flow controllers use disproportionally higher amount of
the company's resources per unit (see Table 5). It can be derived from Table 5 that flow controllers
have much higher

Using Hardware And Software Infrastructure Essay
ASSESSMENT SUBJECT CODE: WD 602
SUBMITTED TO:–
SUBBMITTED BY:– ARSHPREET SINGH WALIA STUDENT ID: 14081837
Q1: Briefly explain designing requirements that's are required when designing the hardware and
software infrastructure:
Ans:
A) Storage requirements
B) Network requirements
C) CPU requirements
D) Memory requirements
Storage requirement: storage requirement is a first requirement in database. In addition to the
physical size of the database, you need to consider the transaction growth rate and data–distribution
requirements. You won't be starting from scratch when designing a database infrastructure; you'll
Be reviewing and upgrading an existing system. In making our examine and determination of
current storage capacity, consider the following factors:
A) Disk throughput capacity.
B) Locations and roles of database servers.
C) Disk–space capacity.
Network requirements: All database administrators and infrastructure designers should have a nuts–
and–bolts understanding of the topology and capacity of the network supporting the database servers
because this impacts infrastructural decisions. Available bandwidth, for example, plays a large part
in determining the

Essay on Comparison of Hills like White Elephants and FAT
Comparison of Hills like White Elephants and FAT
Both Hill like White Elephants and FAT are short stories about current issues that have to be
resolved. The issue in FAT regards obesity in
America and is shown as a conversation between the narrator and
'Rudy'. Hills like White Elephants, however, the issue is abortion and the author uses direct speech
creating the effect that we are near the couple, eavesdropping on the conversation. In FAT, the
author uses indirect speech because the person is retelling the past events to a friend. He does this to
make it seem as if he is describing it to us
(us being the friend). This creates trust for the narrator.
To create the illusion of conversation and focus the reader on the
issue ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We do not make any judgements, as we do not know the background, so we focus on the message.
This could be an ordinary conversation taking place in thousands of cafes across America (emphasis
again this is an issue that affects all Americans). In addition, to this similarity, one name is
mentioned, 'Rudy', which gives a clue to the ethnic background of the character, as the name Rudy
has its roots in black America.
Nevertheless, even though the anonymity of the characters' is important to both stories, the authors
do give us a place and time. In
Hills like White Elephants, the couple are in Spain and there is fifteen minutes until a train arrives.
This use of time indicates to the reader that it is a snapshot – a moment in time albeit a crucial one
where a decision regarding a human life is made. This uses of
Spain, also makes the man distinguished, as he is 'American'. In addition, the author is writing to an
American audience, about
American society's problems, which would bring the story to the reader. In FAT, the story is placed
in Denver, which, like Hills like
White Elephants, brings the story to the American people. This is continued by the American
spelling of words and the use of words like
'napkin' in FAT.
Even though, all the characters' in the stories are American, they are very unalike. In Hills like
White Elephants, the girl is shown as immature though the use of

Zuma Project Essay
For Part B of the MS Project Assignment, complete the Zuma Project – Parts 3, 4, 5 and 6 described
at the end of your textbook (pp.630–634).
Answer the questions, following the directions below, and submit your MS Project files in the
dropbox. Use the following coding for your filenames – start with your initials, such as
XYEM660ZumaP3.mpp. Submit answers to the questions as an MS Word file, with a file name
starting with your initials, such as XYEM660ZumaPB.doc. Also save your work to disk as a backup
record.
Note: Additional tutorials with video files on how to work with MS Project are given in the Student
CD that came with your textbook and are also on the publisher's website. Worth watching!
Part 3 (20 pts.)
3.0 Top management is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The available personnel and impact on activity duration are presented in Table A2.7.
3.1.1 Based upon your Part 2 MS Project file, XYEM660ZumaP2.mpp, assign additional personnel
as needed to complete the project before Feb. 1, 2009, but minimize the cost.
3.1.2 Develop a schedule that meets the time and resource allocation constraints. [You cannot go
back and re–level resources. These new resources are only available for the stated specific tasks
according to the schedule created at the end of Part 2.]
3.1.3 Save and submit your MS Project file with a filename starting with your initials, such as XY
EM660ZumaP3.mpp. (12 pts.)
3.2 Answer the questions below in your project word file, XYEM660ZumaPB.doc:
3.2.1 (Q#3) What is the new project complete date after assigning additional personnel? (1 pt.)
After additional personnel were added, the new project duration is 281.67 days.
3.2.2 (Q#4) Which additional personnel assignments would you choose to complete the project
before February 1st deadline at the cheapest cost? (Q#5) Explain your choices. Also, (Q#6) explain
the reasons for not choosing specific options. (3 pts.)
3.2.3 (Q#7) How have these changes affected the sensitivity of the network? (1 pt.)
3.2.4 (Q#8) What is the amount range for the slack on non–critical activities? (1 pt.)
Part 4 (13 pts.)
4.0 Robin Lane and top management have approved the schedule generated at the end of Part 3.
Save the file

Definition Of Hierarchical File System
Hierarchical File System
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
HFS
Developer Apple Computer
Full name Hierarchical File System
Introduced September 17, 1985 (System 2.1)
Partition identifier Apple_HFS (Apple Partition Map)
0xAF (MBR)
Structures
Directory contents B–tree
File allocation Bitmap
Bad blocks B–tree
Limits
Max. volume size 2 TB (2 × 10244 bytes)
Max. file size 2 GB (2 × 10243 bytes)
Max. number of files 65535
Max. filename length 31 characters
Allowed characters in filenames All 8–bit values except colon ":". Discouraged null and nonprints.
Features
Dates recorded Creation, modification, backup
Date range January 1, 1904 – February 6, 2040
Date resolution 1s
Forks Only 2 (data and resource)
Attributes Color (3 bits, all other flags 1 bit), locked, custom icon, bundle, invisible, alias, system,
stationery, inited, no INIT resources, shared, desktop
File system permissions AppleShare
Transparent compression Yes (third–party), Stacker
Transparent encryption No
Other
Supported operating systems Mac OS, OS X, Linux, Microsoft Windows (through MacDrive or
Boot Camp[citation needed] IFS drivers)
Hierarchical File System (HFS) is a proprietary file system developed by Apple Inc. for use in
computer systems running Mac OS. Originally designed for use on floppy and hard disks, it can also
be found on read–only media such as CD–ROMs. HFS is also referred to as Mac OS Standard (or,
erroneously, "HFS Standard"), while its successor, HFS Plus, is also called Mac OS Extended

Windows Sql Server Database Design And Optimization Essay
Tasman International Academies
Diploma in information Technology
Level 7
Assignment: – Windows SQL server Database Design and Optimization
Subject code: WD 602
Name: Anurag
ID: 15052231
Submitted to: Mr. Imran Siddique
Outcome 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
Q 1 Briefly explains following designing requirements that are required when designing the
hardware and software infrastructure: –
Ans: – Infrastructure in everything that helps in the flow and the processing of data. Infrastructure
provides a platform for all necessary IT applications and functions for the individual or any
organisation. Every infrastructure that is designed or worked on will need to meet unique
requirements. Storage requirements: – It is influenced by transaction growth rate and data
distribution requirements. Disk space capacity: – Storage requirement depends like how much space
is already being used by the database data files and how much more should be added for transaction
log files, portion of tempdb that helps in database activities and full text index or reorganisation of
index. Disk throughput capacity: – Storage requirement can be known by the access of I/O rate
according to the database requirement. The IOPS and space capacity is inversely proportional to
each other. Hence the disk capacity isn't going to go up if the I/O operation per second goes up.
Location and roles of database servers: – Also according to the roles and location of the database
servers the storage requirements

Windows Sql Server Database Design
Tasman International Academies
Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization
Assessor Name: Mr. : Jayaraj Arul Samji
Student Name: Kaushal Patel Student Id: 14042338
Introduction
Improving the performance of SQL Server queries purpose of this document is to describe different
ways. With occasional references to a specific code snippets in this document, index optimization
will describe. In other words, run queries against tables in this document, will describe how to
achieve the best performance.
Database design issues and the entity – relationship modeling techniques flawed design can
seriously affect performance in many ways, however, is beyond the scope of this document. Than
credited with this unit standard are able to explain purpose designing hardware and software in
database. Than knowledge of server administration, designing physical storage, designing server–
level security, data recovery solutions and object–level security.
You will be required to demonstrate the competency in the following aspects through submitted
written work on the assessment tasks. o Design hardware and software infrastructure. o Design
physical storage. o Design database security. o Designing physical database. o Designing data
recovery and data archiving.
Q.1) when designing the hardware and software infrastructure for orange company –Give at least
five key decisions that you would consider?
As in

Bradmark Financial Case
Bradmark Wholesale General Supply ACL Case Study This paper contains the summary of the
details and results of the audit tests on Bradmark's Revenue and Expenditure Cycles. The audit tests
were performed through the ACL Program. 2005 Rachelle Cultura | Trixia Ebol | Christine Fonseca
Mary Rose Samas | Nadaine Tongco Ross & Specter Co. October 24, 2012 1 | P a g e REVENUE
CYLCE Assessment of Internal Controls over the Revenue Cycle The assessment of Bradmark's
internal controls over its revenue cycle procedures were done through the analysis of the processes
each department is undertaking. For the Sales Department, it is but right that the clerk will seek the
approval of the credit manager for customers with insufficient ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The outcome of this test can be seen from the following figures: 8 | P a g e This shows that six
customers (Customer Numbers 65003, 419449, 564291, 784547, 811002 and 925007) were given
approval to purchase beyond their allowed credit limit. Particularly noticeable are customers 65003
(university Electronics) and 925007 (Galaxy Company), who have several purchases that exceeded
their allowable credit. An in–depth inquiry on this matter should be done to uncover the cause of
these violations. EXPENDITURE CYLCE Assessment of Internal Controls over the Expenditure
Cycle After assessing its practices, Bradmark's internal controls over its expenditure cycle appear to
be inadequate. To rationalize this:  Mr. James Walker has sole control over the determination of
when to replenish the Company's inventory, by how much and to whom to buy. This way of
restocking seems to be unsystematic and subjective and by doing so, the Company is not that
assured that purchases are made in an arms–length transaction.  There may be gaps in the
receiving report numbering system as the clerk must void receiving reports when errors are made
during the data entry, thereby losing its significance as a control tool.  Check and balance controls
in place cannot be relied upon as there is a lack of segregation of duties. Mr. Walker has means to
override. To illustrate, since Mr. Walker is the one encoding if the ordered products have been

When Designing The Hardware And Software Infrastructure
Q1. Briefly explain following designing requirements that are requires when designing the hardware
and software infrastructure:
a) Storage requirements
b) Network requirements
c) CPU requirements
d) Memory requirements
Ans. There is one of the table which designing for hardware and software infrastructure.
Software Hardware
Programing system Hard disks for storage
Operating system Power supply
Internet explore Cluster services firewall Central processing unit
Visual Basic (VB) Power supply Storage requirements: – storage requirements is first and most
important in designing. A lot of consideration go into analysing the storage requirements. The
physical size of the database, you need to consider the transaction growth rate and data distribution
requirements. There are some topic which are assessing current storage capacity:–
Disk–space capacity
Disk throughput capacity
Locations and roles of database servers
Network requirements: – all database administrators and infrastructure designers should have a nuts
and bolts understanding of the topology of the network supporting the database servers because this
impacts infrastructural decisions. There is some analysing current database network traffic
services:–
Traffic between servers
Traffic between clients and servers
Potential bottlenecks
CPU requirements: – central processing unit is the main part of the computer and also main part of
our database server infrastructure. When you choose any CPU for

Questions On Http And Ftp
Q).HTTP and FTP?
HTTP :–
HTTP is short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, and includes the basic rules for displaying a web
page on the screen of a computer, smart phone, tablet, or any mobile device.
FTP :–
FTP is short for File Transport Protocol a program that allows users and computers to send and
receive large portions of data through a private or public network. It can also be used to send
configuration files to network devices, such as switches and routers.
File Transport Protocol, or FTP, is an open protocol standard that is widely used to transport and
receive large files. FTP can be used to send and receive large files. FTP can also be used to send
configuration files and software updates for network switches and routers. It uses ports for
communications and also uses encryption to protect the information being received and sent.
Differences between HTTP and FTP :–
The difference between the two is that
HTTP is a protocol used by the World Wide Web that allows the transfer of files from a web server
to a user's web browser for viewing web pages on the Internet, while the FTP protocol is used to
transfer files from a computer to and from an FTP server. FTP facilitates the transfer of files from
one computer to another.
HTTP transfers only web page content to the browser so as to view it. The transferred file is not
saved in the memory space. FTP, on the other hand, transfers the whole file to the another computer,
and the file is saved in memory.
HTTP does not

Windows versus Linux Essay
Windows vs. LINUX
Both Windows and Linux come in many different forms. All the different forms of Windows come
from Microsoft, the various distributions of Linux come from different companies (ex. Red Hat,
SuSE, Linspire, Ubuntu, Mandriva, Knoppix, etc). Windows has two main lines: "Win9x", which is
consists of Windows 95, 98, 98SecondEdition and ME, and "NT class" which consists of Windows
NT, 200 and XP. On a side note, Windows first had version 3.x which was made before Windows 95
by a couple of years. The various types of Linux are called distributions. All the Linux distributions
released around the same time frame will use the same kernel, which are the guts of the OS. They
will differ with the add–on software provided, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some, like Lindows, do not write anything on the hard disk. There is a downside to running an OS
from a CD is speed and continuity. Versions such as SuSE, use the hard disk. What you gain in
speed, you give up in safety. Now a days you are not limited to just a CD, you can now have a Linux
distribution run from a flash drive.
Windows and Linux provide a GUI (Graphical User Interface) and a command line interface. The
Windows GUI has changed dramatically from Windows 3.1 to Windows 95, slightly to Windows
2000, big change to Windows XP and is scheduled to change again with the new version of
Windows recently named Vista. Themes is a feature in Windows which lets you customize to an
extent the look of your GUI. Linux typically provides two GUIs, KDE and Gnome. Of the major
distributions, Lindows has made their user interface resemble Windows a lot more than the others.
Text mode interface is also known as a command interpreter. Windows users know this as DOS
prompt. It is called a shell in Linux. Windows has a single command interpreter but the different
types of Windows have different interpreters. Linux, just as all versions of UNIX, supports multiple
command interpreters, but Linux usually uses one called BASH (Bourne Again Shell). A few other
shells are the C shell, ash shell, and the bourne shell.
There are an enormous amount of malicious software programs. The most common types are known
as viruses and spyware. Spyware has

Questions On Operating Systems Structure
Critical Comparison
NTFS & ZFS
COURSEWORK ONE REPORT
Mohamed Mahamud | W1442717 | Operating Systems Structure
Introduction
File systems is a method of sorting data structure in the operating systems and means to keep track
of the virtual data in the operating systems without a file system information stored would be a large
body of data with no way of knowing where a piece of data is stored begins and ends. File systems
is also referred to as partition or disk which is uses files or the type the file systems. A file system on
a disk or partition is a way to organize, navigate, hierarchical data can be accessed, stored and
retrieved in a form of folders or files. When files system is referred to as a partition it means that the
hierarchy of directories also known as the directory tree. It is used to organize files on a computer
system, the hierarchy of directories is locked on a single partition or disk it can also be spread over
multiple disks even disks on a different computer at a different location.
When a file system is referred to as type of file system it is the way the stored data are organized on
computer disk for example a file or folder that is that is stored on a hard disk or a partition on the
hard disk. It is generally a piece of code in the kernel module which maintenance the logical data
structures located in the storage. The main functions that every file system should have are efficient
organization of data quick storage and retrieval

Conveyor Belt Project Part 3 Essays
BA562 Conveyor Belt Project
Part 3
Part A
1. Which if any of the resources are over allocated?
Design, Development and Documentation.
2. Assume that the project is time constrained and try to resolve any over allocation problems by
leveling within slack. What happens?
The design and documentation over allocated problem is solved. However, Development is still over
allocated. (See Gantt chart 3.1)
3. What is the impact of leveling within slack on the sensitivity of the network? Include a Gantt
chart with the schedule table after leveling within slack.
The sensitivity of the network is increased. The slacks are reduced which lead to a loss of flexibility.
The probability of activities delaying the project is increased because the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The reduction can reduce the cost and resource. Compromising the quality is also an option. If
quality is sacrificed, it may be possible to reduce the time of an activity on the critical path.
However, it is rarely acceptable or used.
Part B
Once you have obtained a schedule that meets the time and resource constraints, prepare a memo
that addresses the following questions:
1. What changes did you make and why?
The end date of the project cannot be moved, so the project should be considered as a time constrain
project. Two internal research teams are assigned to Development initially, but Development over
allocation still exists. In the resource graph, we can see that the peak of demand in Development is
500%, which means we need to hire 1 more development team outside the company. The peak
demand is consisted by 5 tasks: 1.2 "Hardware design", 2.2.1 "Disk drivers", 2.3 "Memory
management", 3.2 "Routine utilities" and 3.3 "Complex utilities". Among these tasks, 3.2 "Routine
utilities" has the shortest duration. Since the cost for outside development team is higher, we should
hire it for as short duration as possible. Thus the external development team is assigned to the task
3.2 "Routine utilities".
2. How long will the project take?
The project length remains 530 days and will be end on Feb. 2nd, 2012.
3. How did these changes affect the sensitivity of the network?

Installing An Ide Disk On A Linux System
The purpose of this document is to detail the various steps needed to install, make ready, and mount
an IDE disk on a Linux system. The process starts first with the cabling and physical installation of
the disk. Next it is key to ensure the computer's BIOS is properly configured to allow access to the
drive. Once the machine can see the physical drive the next step is to prepare the drive to accept data
by partitioning the drive for the desired disk layout. Finally, the drive is mounted within the
filesystem hierarchy so it may be accessed by the end user. Installing the Drive The first step in this
process is the physical installation of the drive. While the process of installing an IDE drive is more
involved than a SATA drive it is still easily accomplished if a few precautious are followed. The first
step is to configure the jumper on the back of the IDE drive. Refer to the sticker on the drive itself or
the manufacturer data sheet to identify the correct jumper position. Move the jumper on the back of
the drive to the master position. There may be a CS or CSEL which stands for Cable Select. This
should allow the computer to make the assignment based on cable position however this requires a
special IDE cable (Chukov, n.d.). Simply setting the jumper itself is a simpler and delivers more
consistent results. The second step is to identify the IDE headers on the computer motherboard with
the help of the computer or motherboard manual. Without access to the

Basic Techniques Of Memory Management
Table of Contents
Operating System 2
Types of Operating System 2
Real–time operating systems: 2
Single–user single task: 2
Single–user multi–tasking: 3
Multi–user multi–tasking: 3
History of Operating System: 3
1940s 4
1950s 4
1960 5
1970s 5
1980s 5
1990s 6
2000s 6
Task Managers and their tasks: 6
Process Manager: 7
I/O Manager: 7
File Manager: 7
Network Manager: 7
Memory Manager: 8
Basic techniques of Memory Management: 8
Importance of Memory Management: 9
Reference 9
Operating System:
An operating system is an interface between a user and the hardware of a computer. It is just a set of
software that manages computer hardware and controls the operations on the computer. Operating
system is the base of the application programs because they cannot contact the hardware directly. It
does not do any work itself; it just provides an environment in which the other programs on a
computer can run. Therefore, when a user enters or sends a command the operating system makes
sure that the command is executed or not, if not it displays a message explaining the error. Without
operating system a computer is of no use it is just a metal block.
Types of Operating System When considering about the types of operating systems, generally there

are four types:
Real–time operating systems:
These kinds of operating system are used to control machines, scientific instruments and industrial
systems. They have a very little user–interface capability and no end–user utilities.

The Era Of The Button Manufacturing Plan
FOR a few fascinating years I was a fashion journalist and became used to receiving backhanded
compliments from male colleagues: you 're so well read, educated in politics and philosophy, how
can you be interested in this stuff?
It was the 1980s, the era of Japanese design, power dressing and supermodels with athletic figures
and challenging stares: an empowering moment for women, soon after legislation that integrated us
better into the workplace and just before the backlash so ably documented by Susan Faludi.
An interest in the sociology of fashion was growing, perhaps because of the historically informed
conversation of middle–class European fashion titans –– Yves Saint Laurent, Karl Lagerfeld and
Giorgio Armani among them –– whose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She is a former winner of the Orange Prize and a short–listee for the Man Booker, and has written
extensively about women 's issues, Israel and the Holocaust: a serious writer, in short.
The book is a meditation on clothing, and femininity, and power, and disempowerment, too, most
especially the disempowerment of women in war.
Grant is the grandchild of immigrants who left Eastern Europe for the political freedoms of Britain.
From them, by emotional osmosis, she came to understand intimately the importance of appearance
in the adjustment of migrants. Unable to be located exactly on the class ladder by means of their
accent, for example, or the school they attended, they could remake themselves and their offspring
afresh in their new land.
Even when her mother was subsiding into dementia at the end of her life, a shopping expedition for
clothes could revive her. Her "last full, coherent, grammatically intact message", Grant writes, was
uttered to her sister. "I like your earrings," their mother said.
The Thoughtful Dresser is full of such poignancies, as well as stylish apercus. The author is lively
company, a persuasive writer, a woman 's woman who can hold several thoughts, shading from the
frivolous to the sombre, in her mind at once.
Threading through it is a powerful motif, elaborated over several scattered chapters: the life and
thoughts of a teenage survivor of Auschwitz, the sole survivor of her family, who matured to
become the

Storage Requirements And Data Distribution Requirements Essay
Storage requirements: – storage requirements is first and most important in designing. A great deal
of thought go into examining the storage requirements. The physical size of the database, you have
to consider the exchange development rate and data distribution requirements. There are some topic
which are assessing current storage capacity:–
Disk–space capacity
Disk throughput capacity
Locations and roles of database servers
Network requirements: – all database administrators and infrastructure ought to have a stray pieces
comprehension of the topology of the system supporting the database servers on the grounds that
this effects infrastructural choices.There is some analysing current database network traffic
services:–
Traffic between servers
Traffic between clients and servers
Potential bottlenecks
CPU requirements: – central processing unit is the main part of the computer and also main part of
our database server infrastructure. When you choose any CPU for your database u must check the
performance of the CPU and also you need check which type of processor is this processor
comparable for your database requirements.
When you're analysing the current CPU performance of a database server, consider the following
factors:
Type of CPUs
Affinity mask settings
Current CPU usage
Memory requirements:– memory is likewise imperative piece of PC means memory is mental ability
of PC. At the point when surveying the memory prerequisites of a database server,

Windows Sql Server Database Design And Optimization Essay
Tasman International Academies NAME : K.Nagarjuna
SUBJECT : Assessment: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization
ID NO : 14091138
SUBMITTED TO : Imran Sidqque
SUBMITTED DATE: /july/2015 Diploma in Information Technology (Level 7)
Assessment: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization Subject Code: WD 602
Assessment: Task One Theoretical Questions
Outcome 1 (1.1)
Q1. Briefly explain following designing requirements that are required when designing the
Hardware and Software infrastructure:
a) Storage requirements
In this storage requirements it means that the important requirement for the sql server is that when it
requires information from the disk subsystem .and it writes to get back the information back, if it
doesn't get the information back then it slow the IO processor
The bulk amount of data is to be send and survey the storage requirements of the database.
b) Network requirements: all the database administrators and infrastructure designers should have
nuts and bolts understanding of the topology and capacity of the network supporting the database
servers. Then all the database administrators is also need to identify the key factors when they are
analysing current network traffic.it can access the location and also determine weak points and
potential bottlenecks in the topology such as low bandwidth wide area network

Operating Systems Are The Core Of A Computer
Operating systems are the core of a computer and to fully get a grasp of how it functions, we need to
have a coherent understanding of its file systems. In this paper, we will take a look at two major
Operating Systems (OS) which are Linux and Window. We will do an in–depth analysis on certain
things including but not limited to: their history, file systems, advantages and disadvantages,
environment, compatibility, flexibility, file recovery and much more.
We are quite aware of the different file systems that consist in both Linux and Windows. For Linux,
we have the following file systems: ext*, XFS, JFS, reiserfs, and btrfs. In Windows we have the
following file systems: FAT, NTFS, and exFAT. Our focus in this paper is going to revolved around
these file systems with a thorough report and analysis about them.
The Windows OS was publicly released in 1981 titled MS–DOS an acronym that stands for
Microsoft Disk Operating System. This OS was developed for the use of IBM PC's and was popular
until 1985 when Microsoft released "Microsoft Windows" which had a GUI and made it more easier
to use rather than the terminal/command line(The History of Operating Systems). The first file
system that we will take a look is the FAT (File Allocation Table) that was designed for small disks
and simple folder structures (FAT File Systems) . It was first released in 1984 by IBM. FAT is
widely known for its vast use of method organization, as to how its file allocation table works. FAT

The Elements Of The Operating System For Linux
The elements of the operating system for the LINUX comprises of the components such as follows:
System Calls – The system calls are the service requests made for the specific kernels.
Signals – The signals are the calling functions for the operating system to the process and requests.
Processes – The process management is used to provide the creation, scheduling and management of
various processes.
Memory Management – The memory management is used to provide the memory storage
allocations to the system.
File System – The file systems are used to provide the maintenance of the files, folder structures in
the drives.
Network Protocols – The network components and the protocols are used to interconnect the system
to the routers, or bridges and so on.
Interrupts – This section is used to maintain the interrupts for handling the connections with the
peripheral devices.
Methods for inter–process management in Linux
The methods involved in the inter–process management in LINUX include the following:
The creation of the process
Process call
Execution
The process is created at first using the 'fork' statement. The process is then called after the 'execve'
command. The LINUX system is used to maintain the single program execution.
The signals only carry the information about the process and about the state of the process whether
it is running or not. In the LINUX system, communication is passed by using scheduling states and
'wait.queue' structures.
There are

Nt1310 Unit 4 Assignment
Answer the following questions (in bullet form, not wordy sentences). Explain with figures
wherever appropriate. A picture is worth a thousand words! Answer in the box or attach a file.
Acceptable file formats include PDF and MS Office products (e.g. Word or PowerPoint). If you'd
really like to use some other file format, contact the TA for permission. 1. Consider a processor that
supports virtual memory. It has a virtually indexed physically tagged cache, TLB, and page table in
memory. Explain what happens in such a processor from the time the CPU generates a virtual
address to the point where the referenced memory contents are available to the processor. The
benefit of virtually indexed physically tagged cache is that the translation of virtual address and
cache lookup can happen in parallel: o Virtual to physical address translation – Virtual address
consists of a virtual page number, index and offset. To get the physical page number (frame), we
first check TLB to see if the requested address is there. If the address is not there, we check the page
table. If the requested address is in the page table, we get the physical page number. If the requested
address is not in the page table, page fault occurs and the page is eventually loaded into memory and
TLB and we get the physical page number. o ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The segments typically contain logically–related information, e.g.: code, stack, data, and heap.
Segments can also be shared between processes. There is no internal fragmentation and segment
tables consume less memory. The disadvantages of this approach is that it is a more difficult
memory management approach since all segments are of different size and as processes are
loaded/removed from memory, free memory space gets broken into little pieces causing external

Questions On Relational Database Software
1.) The RDBMS is a program or a group of programs that helps to maintain a relational database.
This software gives the ability to the user to convert the user's requests for data into a logical format
with the answers to that request. It also contains a data dictionary to make available more security,
easier access, and data integrity. 2.) De–normalization is the process of optimizing the readability
and speed of a database by including redundant data or by grouping data. It is a way to enhance the
performance in relational database software and to possibly identify data anomalies. 3.) A view is
understood to be a virtual table or a stored query based on a SELECT query. The data that is
reachable through a view is not stored in the database as a distinct object. 4.) A subquery is a request
or a query that is nested inside another query. It collects a certain request or data that is then used in
the main query. The properties of a subquery are that it must be enclosed in parentheses so it runs
first, it must be put in the right hand of the comparison operator, it cannot contain an ORDER BY
clause, and it can contain more than one subquery. 5.) One of the main differences is that the user–
defined function must always return a value whereas a stored procedure may return a table value, a
scalar value, or nothing at all. Stored procedures are called independently and can be used in SQL
statements anywhere in the WHERE/HAVING/SELECT commands, while

Nt1310 Unit 4 Mediums
The use of data in today's commercials is a vital role that cannot be overlooked. That is there is a
need to backup data on physical mediums. The main mediums are hard–drive, flash drive, optical
disc, and tape drive. There is multiply different version of each main type of medium. These
different physical mediums store data in different ways. Fragmentation can also be an issue for some
of these physical mediums. I will cover each medium in a little depth because of the different types
available in today's market. The first medium I want to cover is a hard–drive that is used inside
computers and servers. A hard–drive can be broken up into different partitions, which sets up a
volume with a single file system and a unique drive letter. These partitions of the hard–drive are
kept track in a table called a partitions table. A hard–drive uses NTFS which breaks the drive into
sectors of 512 bytes. These different sectors are stored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many sub–groups of these discs, but the main types of discs are CD, DVD, and Blue–ray.
The optical disc is placed into a DVD recorder and information is written to the disc. The data is
written in contiguous format on the disc. A recorder will not write data to an optical disc if that data
is bigger than the optical disc. A DVD disc can handle a data amount of 4.88 GB. The compression
of an optical disc is handled by the program that is used to burn the disc. The data is written to an
optical disc using a laser. This laser burns the data into the bottom of the disc. The use of different
wave length of the laser actual help burn more data into the bottom of the disc. However, the
drawbacks of an optical disc are that they cannot be placed in direct sunlight. The plastic that the
disc is made of can warp in sunlight and corrupt the data on the disc. There is also the problem of
scratches and dents making the surface of the disc hard for the laser to read.(AMERICAN,

Operating System Differences
UNIX/Linux, Mac, Microsoft Windows Operating System Differences University of Phoenix
Abstract This paper will elaborate on the major differences of the main Operating Systems (OS),
which are UNIX/Linux, Mac®, Microsoft® Windows®. The areas of discussion for this paper will
be on Memory Management, Process Management, File Management, and Security for each
operating system. Operating Systems (OS) for a computer is the main processing software program
used to allow the computer processor to communicate with the software and hardware I/O devices.
Computers as SUN, SUSE use UNIX/Linux operating system, Mac® (Macintosh) computer uses
Apple operating system, and Personal Computers (PC) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mac is a personal computer usage environment not needing as much memory for operating system,
but for the software execution and data storage. Windows is also a personal computer environment
with a server type environment growing in use. This memory management is both needing large
sections of memory for data and operating systems transferring. Along with the processor speed,
memory management is one of the most important parts of computer operation. The operating
systems also rely on process management. Computers today have developed from running single
program capability and running run one program at a time to having the ability to run multiple
programs at the same time. They are also able to use multiple threads to provide more than one task
to be run at the same time. Processes were created to help manage the execution of the programs. A
process is defined as a unit of work in a modern time–sharing system during the execution of a
program. There are five states that a process may be in new, running, waiting, ready, and terminated.
Only one process can be running on a processor and the other processes are in a ready and waiting
state. Operating systems use processes to execute the system code, which executes and runs the
main programs to process and operate the computer. Operating systems may use the state of a
process in different ways. A process

Learning Check
Chapter 14
Auditing the Revenue Cycle
|Learning Check |
The revenue cycle includes the activities involved in the exchange of goods and services with
customers and the realization of the revenue in cash.
The classes of transactions in this cycle for a merchandising company are sales, sales adjustments,
and cash receipts. The primary accounts affected by these transactions are sales, accounts
receivable, cost of sales, inventory, cash, sales discounts, sales returns and allowances, bad debts
expense, and allowance for uncollectable accounts
Specific audit objectives for the revenue cycle are derived from the five categories of management 's
financial statement assertions.
b. Specific audit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
a hotel.
a. Certain balance sheet accounts like accounts receivable and inventories are going to be very
significant for the computer manufacturer, but relatively immaterial for the hotel. The computer
company is also likely to have a higher ratio of sales to fixed assets, or sale to total assets, than the
hotel.
b. The computer company auditor will have significant issues associated with the risk of
misstatement with respect to the existence of receivables and inventories that are not present for the
hotel. The computer company auditor will also have to address valuation and allocation issues
associated with the collectability of receivables and lower of cost or market of inventories that are
insignificant for the hotel. The hotel will have a potential risk of material misstatement in terms of
how it accounts for revenues from properties that it manages for others, as opposed to properties that
it owns.
14–4. Factors that might motivate management to deliberately misstate revenue cycle assertions
include: Pressures to overstate revenues in order to report achieving announced revenue or

profitability targets or industry norms that were not achieved in reality owing to such factors as
global, national, or regional economic conditions, the impact of technological developments on the
entity 's

FAT 12 Essay
FAT 12 file system:
FAT 12 is part of floppy disk file system. Number '12' in FAT 12 system indicates that the FAT
consist of 12 bit entries. The storage space of a floppy disk is divided into number of data units often
called as sectors. A set of sectors are called clusters in large storage devices. But for the floppy disk,
there is only one sector in the cluster. The size sector or a cluster in a floppy is 512 bytes.
Disk organization:
We have seen a common physical layout of FAT file system in figure 7.7. following figure shows the
the disk organization of FAT12 system which consist of boot sector, FAT tables, root directory and
data area.
Fig 7.8 Disk organization of FAT 12 system.
The boot sector consist of sector 0 which is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7.9 Disk organization of FAT 16.
Reserved sectors:
In FAT16 systems, beginning sectors are reserved sectors. Boot sector or sector 0 is the first and
mandatory sector. This sector includes BPB (BIOS Parameter Block) which further includes the
general file system information as we have discussed in the boot sector of FAT 12 systems. The total
number of reserved sectors is defined by a field inside the boot sector.
Fat region:
This region contains two copies of FAT which is rarely used. The second copy is usually used when
the first or default copy gets corrupted or lost. The mapping details such as used or unused clusters
can also be defined in this region.
Root directory region:
In this region, the directory table that saves information about the files and directories located in the
root directory region is included. When the volume is formatted, the size of this region allocated to

fixed maximum size. This regions is only used in FAT 12 and FAT 16. the root directory entries in
FAT 32 is stored as another sub directories in its data region.
Data

Similarities Between FAT32 And NTFS
NFTS vs FAT 32
New Technology File System is a proprietary file system, File Allocation Table 32 is a computer file
system architecture. These two are very alike in some ways and very different in others. NTFS is
newer and has a lot more storage but FAT32 is has better security and still works even if Windows is
opened incorrectly. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast FAT32 and NTFS.
NTFS is a proprietary file system which means it is a file format of a business or person that
contains data that is stored according to a certain encoding–scheme, designed by the business to be
secret, so that only the company that stored the data can see the data with software that they have
developed. NTFS has a max volume size of 264 clusters and the max number of files is
4,294,967,295 files. NTFS is used to store and retrieve files on a hard disk. NTFS offers
improvements from FAT and HPFS in performance, extendibility, and security.
FAT32 is an older file system so it isn't as efficient but it has more compatibility with other OS's. It
is the oldest of the three file systems available for Windows and most flash drives are formatted with
FAT32. FAT32 is used as a data recovery system and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the reasons that they are the same is they are both proprietary file systems. This means that
they both format files that contain encrypted data so that only the people that encrypted it can see it.
They both support Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 2003, Server, Windows Vista, and
Windows 7. They both have a limit of 255 characters for a file name. They also have many
differences including max volume size, max files on volume, max file size, max number of clusters,
etc. NTFS has many things that FAT32 doesn't, including alternate streams, compression,
encryption, object permissions, disk quotas, sparse files, reparse points, volume mount points, built
in security, and

What Restrictions Must Such Systems Impose?
OperatingSystems
COEN–283
FALL2016
Assignment5–FileSystems&I/O
1. Isthe"open"systemcallinUNIXabsolutelyessential?Whatwouldbetheconsequences of not having
it?
Ans :–
– If there is no "Open" system call then for every read operation we have to specify the name of the
file to be accessed.
– The system would have to fetch the i–Node for it, although it could be cached
– In this situation one issue may arise which is when to flush the iNode back to disk. That can be
done by timeout, but it would be clumsy.
– Overall, it may work but with much more overhead involved
2. In some systems it is possible to map part of a file into memory. What restrictions must such
systems impose? How is this partial mapping implemented?
Ans :–
–It is possible to map part of a file into memory instead of entire file. But in this situation,
A part of file which needs to be mapped is required to begin from a page boundary.
–Hence a restriction on such system is that the pages should have a length of an integral number.
–Each mapped page uses the file itself as a backing store. Unmapped memory uses a scratch file or
partition as backing store.
3. Name one advantage of hard links over symbolic links and one advantage of symbolic links over
hard links.
Ans :–
Advantage of Hard links over Symbolic links :
– Hard link contains direct reference to the object. Hence it is faster, whereas symbolic link contains

a path name to the object which must be resolved to find the object.
– Hard links do not

Major Elements Of Memory Management
D. Major elements of memory management
Linux operating system is using virtual memory to support programs running in the system. The
virtual memory provides lots of optimal ways to maximize the memory mapping and utilization.
The virtual memory can allocate much more memory to processes than its actual physical memory
size. Linux provides virtual memory great support to allow the processes running in the system,
such as mapping the process's memory to physical memory (Arora, 2012).
There are two major important elements in memory management: virtual memory and demand
paging. As discussed before, virtual memory plays a powerful role to support the programs for
memory needs which may more than the physical memory size. Virtual memory is a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the process, page model plays a role as a flag with virtual/physical page frame number as
identified number for mapping; in addition it also provides access information such as read–only, or
read–write, for access control.
E. Major elements of scheduling
The scheduling of Linux operating system is priority based scheduling. It is to make scheduling
policies into the core of Linux which called Kernel for multi–tasking processes. There are two
different scheduling: real time and normal, for handling large data processes performance balance
and sharing CPU equally in the system. In the scheduling of Kernel, each process has a priority
value which ranges from 1 to 139. 1 is the highest priority level. 139 is the lowest priority level. The
real time priorities range from 1 to 99 and the normal priorities range from 100 to 139. The smaller
number of priority value, the priority is higher. All real time programs have a higher priority than
normal programs in the system. In Linux scheduling is implemented by a class named sched_class
(Seeker, 2013).
The purpose of this class is to handle the multi–tasking processes by scheduler skeleton and data
algorithms. As discussed above, the priority value is very important for the scheduling, so how the
system set the priority in the Linux for assigning which is in higher priority? It depends on the types
of the

Windows Sql Server Database Design Essay
Tasman Interna tional Academies
Diploma in Information Technology (Level 7)
Assessment: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization
Subject Code: WD 602
Purpose: People credited with this unit standard are able to: Explain purpose designing hardware
and software in database. Gain knowledge of server administration, designing physical storage,
designing server–level security, data recovery solutions and object–level security.
Aim: The assessment aim is towards achieving competency in candidate performance of
demonstrating knowledge of Designing and optimization of SQL database server.
You will be required to demonstrate the competency in the following aspects through submitted
written/demonstrate work on the assessment Tasks.
Design hardware and software infrastructure.
Design physical storage
Design Database security
Designing physical database
Designing data recovery and data archiving.
Student Name: TALVINDER SINGH
Student ID : 14111938 Date Submitted 20/07/2015 Assessor Name MR. IMRAN SIDDIQUE
Signature Outcome 1(1.1)
Q:1. Briefly explain following designing requirments that are required when designing the hardware
and software infrastructure :
a) A:– STORAGE REQUIRMENTS: There are 2 sources of capacity requirements:– business and
technical requirements of the organization. The technical requirements are dictated by need and
availability. You should also

Total Accounts Receivable
Bradmark Wholesale
General Supply
ACL Case Study
This paper contains the summary of the details and results of the audit tests on
Bradmark's Revenue and Expenditure Cycles. The audit tests were performed through the ACL
Program.
2005
Rachelle Cultura | Trixia Ebol | Christine Fonseca
Mary Rose Samas | Nadaine Tongco
Ross & Specter Co.
October 24, 2012
1 | P a g e
REVENUE CYLCE
Assessment of Internal Controls over the Revenue Cycle
The assessment of Bradmark's internal controls over its revenue cycle procedures were done through
the analysis of the processes each department is undertaking.
For the Sales Department, it is but right that the clerk will seek the approval of the credit manager
for customers
with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After taking into account the results for these two tests, the should–be balance for the Total Sales of
the period was computed to be $5,317,470.36.
Valuation or Allocation
The total Accounts Receivable balance in the records of $4,752,257.70 was verified by setting a
filter of
"Remit_Num = 0" and then getting the total amount due. By doing this, only those sales which do
not yet have a remittance advice are part of the accounts receivable. The figure below is the outcome
of this procedure.
4 | P a g e
However, if the difference between the total sales and the total cash received (for the period ending
December
31, 2004) was computed, then the total Accounts Receivable balance would be $4,578,008.14. This
indicates that the Accounts Receivable is misstated in the financial statements.
Moreover, from the analyse tab and the function "Age", an aging of the Accounts Receivable was
performed.
The summary of this analysis can be seen in this figure:

5 | P a g e
It should be noted that based on this test, the allowance for doubtful accounts should be adjusted to
reflect the actual accounts, which can be considered as uncollectible, i.e. those that are already over
90 days. The balance would then be $1,945,870.20.
6 | P a g e
Compared to the current estimation method of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of Bradmark,
this method of aging the Accounts Receivable is more appropriate. This also ensures that the

Nt1330 Unit 3 System Analysis
Level 1: Chubby File: has the root tablet details. Level 2: Root Tablet: Has a metadata that stores the
location of all metadata tablet locations Level 3: Metadata Tablet: It has the location of each tablet.
It also has extra information about tablets for analysis and debugging Locating the tablet can be
either done by Master table which contains all the data of the whereabouts of the table. The issue
with this approach is that as there is only one master server it can be overloaded with the requests. It
can also be done by having a separate table that just has the data about the locations of the tablets.
This is called the metadata tablet. Tablet Server: A tablet server serves a tablet, each of which is a
collection of rows. Where even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clusters are arranged so that they will improve speed and reliability. Scheduling is matching a task
to the resources at particular time. Google uses cluster management term which includes the
allocation of recourses to different application. GFS: Google File System is a distributed file system
which is developed by Google in order to provide efficient, reliable access to data. . It is designed
and implemented inorder to meet the requirements provided by Google's data processing. The file
system consists of hundreds of storage machines to provide inexpensive parts and it is accessed by
different client machines. Here the search engine is providing huge amounts data that should be
stored. GFS has 1,000 nodes with 300TB disk storage. Lock Service: The Lock Service is nothing
but Chubby. The main usage of lock service is loosely–coupled distributed system. It also have large
number of small machines which are intended to connect. The main purpose of lock service is to
allow clients to communicate their activities and come to a common point about their environment.
The important goals of lock service is reliability, availability to a large number of clients, and also
provide easy–to–understand semantics. Chubby's interface is similar to simple file system which
performs file reads and

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