For participants from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey.

1. THE MEDIA AND INTERNET IN
R E G I O N A L C O O P E R AT I O N F O R P E AC E A N D S TA B I L I T Y
O N N I K J A M E S K R I KO R I A N
H T T P :// W W W . O N N I K - K R I KO R I A N . C O M

2. T H E S O U T H C AU C A S U S
Twe n t y ye a r s a f t e r t h e e n d o f t h e S ov i e t U n i o n , t h e S o u t h
Caucasus countr ies can no longer be considered ‘in
tr ansition.’ Ar menia, Azerbaijan, and Geor gia have built
f u n c t i o n i n g s ove r e i g n s t a t e s . B u t m a ny q u e s t i o n s r e m a i n
about how well they are far ing […]
THE SOUTH CAUC AS US 20 YEARS AFTER INDEPENDENCE
T H O M A S D E WA A L , C A R N E G I E E N D OW M E N T F O R I N T E R N AT I O N A L P E AC E
H T T P : / / C A R N E G I E E N D OW M E N T. O R G / 2 0 1 1 / 1 1 / 2 8 / S O U T H - C AU C A S U S - 2 0 - Y E A R S - A F T E R IN DEPENDENCE/6NRL ?RE LOADFLAG=1

3. AZERBAIJAN FROM THE TBILISI-BAKU FLIGHT © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2013

4. ATTITUDES
DATA: CAUCASUS RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS (CRRC)

5. POST-ELECTION OPPOSITION PROTEST, ARMENIA © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2003

6. THE MEDIA
DATA:
FREEDOM HOUSE
CAUCASUS
RESEARCH RESOURCE
CENTERS (CRRC)

7. THE MEDIA
DATA:
CAUCASUS
RESEARCH RESOURCE
CENTERS (CRRC)

8. THE MEDIA
How well TV journalists inform the population (%) CB 2012
Armenia
4%
Azerbaijan
Georgia
16%
42%
14%
6%
33%
21%
Very well
DATA:
CAUCASUS
RESEARCH RESOURCE
CENTERS (CRRC)
19%
28%
49%
Quite well
In the middle
11%
9%
8%
Quite poorly
Very poorly
8%
8%
4%
7%
12%
Don't know

9. THE INTERNET

10. THE INTERNET
50
59
60
42
38
45
29
33
24
25
49
46
30
16
26
19
15
13
15
9
11
15
19
12
6
2
0
Internet access from PC
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
0
Internet access from a cell phone
70
Every day
Don't know what the Internet is
70
53
54
50
50
DATA:
CAUCASUS
RESEARCH RESOURCE
CENTERS (CRRC)
Never
59
53
!
Less frequently
46
37
35
34
31
30
24
22
18
25
22
16
19
22
0
Social Networks
Skype
Search
Email
News
Music/Videos

11. THE INTERNET

12. RUSSIAN MILITARY ROAD BLOCK, ROAD TO GORI © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2008

13. C AU C AS U S S TABIL IT Y
Tu r ke y ’s r o l e i n t h e S o u t h C a u c a s u s i s d e p e n d e n t o n i t s
r ela ti o ns w it h e ac h c o u n tr y. Ther e has p r ob ably b een only
o ne i nst an c e o f Tur ke y a d d r e ssi ng the r egion as a w hole and
this was Tur key’s proposal for a Caucasus Stability and
Cooper ation Platfor m following the August 2008 ar med
c o nfl ic t be twe e n R us s i a a n d Geor gi a.
T UR KE Y’ S S OU T H C AU C A S U S AG E N DA : T H E RO L E O F STAT E A N D N O N - STAT E AC TO RS ,
AYB ARS GÖRGÜLÜ AND ONNIK KRIKORIAN, T E S E V, 2 0 1 2
!
h t t p : / / w w w. t e s e v. o r g . t r / a s s e t s / p u bl i c a t i o n s / fi l e / S o u t h C a u c a s u s A g e n d a . p d f

14. AR M E N IA - T U RK E Y
(TOP) BURNING OF THE TURKISH FLAG,
ARMENIA. (RIGHT) ARMENIA-TURKEY BORDER
GATES © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2009

15. ARME N I A - T U R K E Y BO R D E R

16. GYUMRI, ARMENIA © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2005

17. NAGO R NO K A R A B A K H
•
2 5, 0 00 D EA D U NTI L 1994 CE A SE FI R E
•
1 MI L L IO N RE F U G EES AND I DP S
D I S P L AC E D F RO M T H E I R H O M E S
•
1 6 PE R C E N T O F A ZE R B AI J A N
CONTROLLED BY ARMENIAN FORCES
•
BORDER SKIRMISHES AND CLASHES,
IN C R EA S E IN S NI PE R INCI DE NT S
•
N EW G ENE R AT I ONS LIVI NG WI T HOU T
CONTACT WITH THE OTHER
•
CONFLICT USED AS A POLITIC AL
TOO L I N A R M ENIA AND A ZE R B A I J A N
•
PEACE STILL ELUSIVE

18. NAGO R NO K A R A B A K H
[…] people are often inclined to consider their
ex ist in g a t tit u d e s and b e l i efs to b e t r ue and filter
the news through this lens. Thus, they accept
m es sa g e s i n o r d e r t o mai nt ain their or iginal
perceptions. […] bias in the local media [...] ser ves
as a means to fuel and per petuate hatred. This is a
ro le t he me d ia ha s and c onti nues to p lay w ith
re g a rd s t o t h e c o n fl i c t ove r N agor no Kar ab akh.
!
A R M E N I A N A N D A Z E R B A I J A N I I N T E R N AT I O N A L N E WS COV E R AG E , C AU C AS U S
R E S E A R C H R E S O U R C E CENTERS (CRRC)
http://epfound.am/files/mb_fg_report_finalized_edited_12.27.2008.doc

19. NAGO R NO K A R A B A K H
[A] negative context [is set] in the public consciousness,
which hinder s dialogue and mutual under standing [...]
Without more accur ate and unbiased infor mation [...]
free of negative rhetor ic and stereotypes, Ar menians and
Azerbaijanis will continue to see themselves as enemies
without any common ground.
!
A R M E N I A N A N D A Z E R B A I J A N I I N T E R N AT I O N A L N E WS COV E R AG E , C AU C AS U S
R E S E A R C H R E S O U R C E CENTERS (CRRC)
http://epfound.am/files/mb_fg_report_finalized_edited_12.27.2008.doc

20. NAGO R NO K A R A B A K H

21. NAGO R NO K A R A B A K H

22. NAGO R NO K A R A B A K H

23. NAGO R NO K A R A B A K H

24. A N OT H ER ALTERNATIVE?
Throughout histor y, war has affected media, with
conflict often creating an infor mation void. In the 21st
centur y, media has begun to affect war more than ever
before . Digital media technologies [...] have increased
communication and infor mation dissemination in
conflict settings [...]. These new tools can be used to
foment violence or to foster peace , and it is possible
to build communication systems that encour age
dialogue and nonviolent political solutions.
!
DIGITAL MEDIA IN CONFLICT PRONE SOCIETIES
http://cima.ned.org/publications/research-reports/digital-media-conflict-prone-societies

25. R U S S I A - G E O R G I A WA R
Anyo n e wh o be l ie ve s t h at a ll ci t i ze n med ia a r e ob je ct i ve
and impar tial is either mad or hasn't actually read any
c i t ize n m e d ia . [ … ] W h at ' s be com e ve r y d if fic u lt i s u s in g
c i t ize n m e d ia t o u n de r s t an d w h a t 's a c t u a lly h a p pe n in g o n
the ground. As we all know, some of the repor ts from both
c a m p s in t h e S ou t h Os s e t i a n c o n fl i c t we r e l ike ly
m anu f a c t u r e d an d i n ac c u r at e . Th i s s or t o f si t u a t io n ca n g e t
e ve n m o r e c o mp li c at e d w h en t h e r e a r en ' t imp a r t ia l
j o ur na li s t s on t h e gr ou n d.
ETHAN ZUCKERMAN
h t t p : / / w w w. e n g . k av k a z - u ze l . r u / a r t i c l e s / 1 3 1 4 9 /

26. AR M E N IA - T U RK E Y
What merely sur vives in mar ginal paper s with some thousands
of c ir cula tio n, liter ally flo u r ish in th e c yb er-wor ld of the
in ter net. S o c ia l net wo r ks like Fac ebo ok and var ious mai l
groups, some created and oper ated by the best educated
segment s o f th e p op u latio n , ar e r ife wit h i r r ati onal sp ecul ati on,
c on spir a c y the o r ie s an d h ate . T hey ar e wid ely ci rc ulat ed, and
n ove l a d d i t i o n s s p r e a d o u t l i ke w i l d fi r e s . Ye t t h e y g o m o s t ly
u n n o t i c e d by o u t s i d e r s . T h i s p a r a l l e l u n i ve r s e w i t h i t s s h a d ow y
actor s should be the subject of fur ther sur veys.
A S U RV E Y O N T U R K I S H - A R M E N I A N R E L AT I O N S A N D A R M E N I A I N T U R K I S H M E D I A
h t t p : / / w w w. e p fo u n d . a m / fi l e s / g p o t _ a n a ly s i s . p d f

27. AN OT HER ALT E R N AT I V E ?
H T T P : / / W W W. C O N F L I C T- VO I C E S . N E T

28. ALTE RNAT I VE N AR R AT I V ES

29. ALTE RNAT I VE N AR R AT I V ES
We hear far too little of what I call this “third nar r ative” of
the Ar menian-Azerbaijani conflict, a nar r ative of peace . It
s pi ns t he i d e a t ha t t h e t wo p eopl e ar e cap able of getting
along fine , have lived together in the past and, if politicians
are able to overcome differences on the Kar abakh conflict,
c an li ve to g e th e r i n th e fut u re . I nter national m ed iator s ar e
too times to speak this nar r ative or feel that is not their
bu si ne s s. T h e m e d ia in bo th countr ies suppr esses it.
C AU C A S U S CO N F L I C T VO I C E S , M AY 2 0 1 1
T H O M A S D E WA A L , C A R N E G I E E N D OW M E N T F O R I N T E R N AT I O N A L P E AC E
!
H T T P : / / P E AC E . O N E WO R L D. A M / C O N F L I C T _ VO I C E S _ M AY _ 2 0 1 1 . H T M L

30. THE MEDIA AND ICT4D
http://www.Elva.org

31. T H A N K YO U
TBILISI, GEORGIA © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2014

32. CONTACT
EMAIL
onewmphoto@gmail.com
!
WEB
http://www.onnik-krikorian.com
http://www.conflict-voices.net
FACEBOOK
http://www.facebook.com/onewmphoto
http://www.facebook.com/conflictvoices
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TWITTER
http://www.twitter.com/onewmphoto
http://www.twitter.com/caucasusproject
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