Talk delivered to the Connecticut State Colleges & Universities (CSCU) OER Leadership Summit, March 24, 2017.

1. Open Educational Resources:
Implementation and Impact
David Wiley, PhD
Lumen Learning
@opencontent

2. Unless otherwise noted
this presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0

3. education = sharing

4. sharing

5. what you know

6. sharing

7. feedback

8. sharing

9. encouragement

10. sharing

11. passion

12. sharing

13. yourself

14. “internet”

15. Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy
Distributing
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy

16. unprecedented capacity

17. sharing

18. education = sharing

19. unprecedented capacity

20. education

21. except, it doesn’t

23. ©

24. Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy
Distributing
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy

25. Copyright
Regulates
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy
Distributing
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy

26. Internet
Enables
Copyright
Forbids

27. Open Educational Resources (OER)

28. Which “open”?

29. open ≈ free

30. the internet is already free to
read / watch / listen to

31. open = a free grant of permissions

32. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs

33. 1. retain + redistribute =
download and share for free
2. revise + remix =
edit, improve, customize, collaborate
3. reuse = class, lab, study group, etc.
Implications of the 5Rs

35. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs

36. Open
A free grant of the 5R permissions

37. “Faux-pen”
1. Free (but gated) access
2. All rights reserved PLUS Terms of Use

38. Cost to
Students
Permissions
for Faculty
and Students
Commercial
Textbooks
Expensive Restrictive
“The Web”
MOOCs
Library Resources
“Free” Restrictive
Open Educational
Resources
Free 5Rs

39. choosing traditionally ©
materials

40. Internet
Enables
Copyright
Forbids

41. choosing open educational
resources

42. Internet
Enables
Open
Permits

43. OER Examples
Full courses, complete textbooks,
chapters, modules, videos, simulations,
assessments, syllabi, etc.

48. OER Adoption
Replacing whatever was previously in
the “Required Materials” section of your
syllabus with OER

49. High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability,
2. Invigorates pedagogy,
3. Improves student success, and
4. Does it at scale

50. High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability,
2. Invigorates pedagogy,
3. Improves student success, and
4. Does it at scale

53. Textbook Pricing in Context
One Month Access to… Costs…
Netflix – 20k Movies / TV Episodes $7.99 / month
Spotify – 15M Songs $9.99 / month
VitalSource – 1 Biology Textbook $28.37 / month

54. A Wizard of Earthsea
Textbooks written in
disappearing ink

55. “Disappearing Ink” Strategies
Buyback, rental, e-books
online subscriptions

56. The Academic Costs of Textbooks
48% take fewer courses
26% drop a course
21% withdraw from a course
66% go without textbooks
37% earn a poor grade

57. Retain and Redistribute
Solve the affordability problem

58. High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability,
2. Invigorates pedagogy,
3. Improves student success, and
4. Does it at scale

59. Open Pedagogy
Pedagogy distinguished by permissions?

60. “What does open allow me to do?”

61. Open Pedagogy
• People learn through the things they do
• Copyright restricts what we’re
allowed to do
• Copyright restricts how we can learn
• Open permits us to learn in new ways

64. Disposable Assignments
Students hate doing them
Faculty hate grading them
Huge missed opportunity

65. US college students spend
approximately 40 million hours
doing homework every year

66. Renewable Assignments
Students see broader value in doing them
Faculty see broader value in grading them
The work adds value to the world

67. Everyone wants to feel like
their work matters

69. PM4ID

70. Renewable Assignments
Are enabled by the 5R permissions

71. High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability,
2. Invigorates pedagogy,
3. Improves student success, and
4. Does it at scale

73. metric
cost

74. A Multi-Institutional Study of the
Impact of Open Textbook Adoption
on the Learning Outcomes of Post-
secondary Students
Fischer, Hilton, Robinson, and Wiley
Journal of Computing in
Higher Education (2015)

75. Research Context
• 4,909 treatment
• 11,818 control
• 50 different undergraduate courses
• 130 teachers
• 10 US institutions

76. Methodology
Quasi-experimental design with:
• Propensity score matched groups
• Dependent variables: Completion; C or Better;
Credits Enrolled This Term; Credits Enrolled
Next Term
• Independent variable: Textbook condition
• 3 covariates: age, gender, and race

77. Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)

78. Credits Taken
Semester OER Users Others Result
Fall 13.29 11.14 t (8101) = 27.81 p < .01
Winter 10.71 9.16 F(1, 6440) = 154.08, p <.01
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)

79. Improving Course Throughput Rates
and Open Educational Resources:
Results from the Z Degree Program
at Tidewater Community College
Hilton, Fischer, Wiley, and Williams
International Review
of Research in Open and
Distance Learning (2016)

80. Course Throughput Rate
IRRODL (in press)
Drop
Deadline
Withdraw
Deadline
Final
Grade
Students

81. Commercial vs OER
2.3% | 1.8%
9.9% | 8.1%
68% | 74%
(Face to Face)
60% | 66%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTR
IRRODL (in press)

82. Commercial vs OER
4.0% | 1.4%
13.7% | 13.1%
66% | 70%
(Online)
54% | 60%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTR
IRRODL (in press)

83. A Preliminary Exploration
of the Relationships Between
Student-Created OER, Sustainability,
and Students Success
Wiley, Tonks, Webb, and Weston
International Review
of Research in Open and
Distance Learning (in press)

84. Research Context
• 181 middle and high school students
• Online, public, charter school with a
commitment to OER
• Course on Digital Photography
IRRODL (in press)

85. Methodology
• Students were invited to create / remix
open tutorials, study guides, and games
• Extra credit or TA credit
• From no to 5-10% student-created OER over
four years
• Compare student grades on course
assignments
IRRODL (in press)

86. IRRODL (in press)

87. metric
cost

88. Cost-Savings Achieved in Two
Semesters Through the Adoption
of Open Educational Resources
Hilton, Robinson, Wiley and Ackerman
International Review
of Research in Open and
Distance Learning (2014)

89. Research Context
• 256 faculty at eight US colleges
• 194 taught using only TPM
• 48 taught using only OER
• 14 taught some courses using TPM,
others using OER

90. Methodology
• Review college bookstore website for
each course
• Select the cheapest new print or new
digital price from the bookstore,
Amazon, and other options

91. Results
• On average, required TPM for a course
cost US $90.61 per student
• Faculty received services supporting OER
adoption valued at US $5 per student
• OER were 94% less expensive than TPM

92. The Tidewater Z-Degree and the
INTRO Model for Sustaining OER
Adoption
Wiley, Hilton, Williams, and DeMarte
Educational Policy Analysis
Archives (2016)

93. INcreased
Tuition
Revenue through
Open educational resources
INTRO Model
Tuition revenue retained (not refunded)
due to decreases in drop rates

94. 182 * .89 * $164.35 (in-state) * 3
+ 182 * .11 * $358.95 (out-of-state) * 3
US $101,042 INTRO annually
INTRO at Tidewater
Education Policy Analysis Archives (2016)

95. metric
cost

96. metric
cost
• 6% higher Course
Throughput Rate
• 2.15 credits higher
enrollment intensity
• 94% lower textbook
costs
• $100k tuition saved
per year

97. impact.lumenlearning.com

98. High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability,
2. Invigorates pedagogy,
3. Improves student success, and
4. Does it at scale

99. Scale Vertically
“OER Degree” - Convert to OER at
least one section of every course
needed to earn a specific degree

100. Scale Vertically
OER degree initiatives like ATD (38),
VCCS Zx23 (23), CA legislature (20)
For example, Housatonic CC

102. Scale Horizontally
Work to convert all sections of
highest enrolling courses to OER
For example, Salt Lake CC

103. Scale Horizontally
An “Open General Education Pathway”
benefits all students on campus,
not just students in one degree

104. Successful Scaling
Requires strategic support
and investment

105. OER is “free
like sunshine”

106. Open Educational Resources
A free grant of the 5R permissions

107. High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability,
2. Invigorates pedagogy,
3. Improves student success, and
4. Does it at scale

108. Discussion!
@opencontent
david@lumenlearning.com

111. Lumen is Open
• All content we create is licensed CC BY
• Our contracts require all joint work to be CC BY
• Our platform for managing and integrating OER
with the LMS is open source
• Our platform for delivering formative and
summative assessments and sending grades to
the LMS is open source
• Our math homework platform is open source