Keynote presentation for Open Apereo 2015 describing the components of the Open Education Infrastructure. Connects Frischmann's work on intellectual infrastructure, Von Hippel's work on democratizing innovation, and Thierer's work on permissionless innovation to learning outcomes, activities and assessments, and other educational resources as the intellectual infrastructure of education necessary to facilitate innovation in education. Defines "open" and discusses the relationship between open and infrastructure.
4. Infrastructure comprises
“resources that create benefits
for society primarily through
the facilitation of downstream
productive activities.”
-- Brett Frischmann
7. Don't EVER make the mistake that
you can design something better
than what you get from ruthless
massively parallel trial-and-error
with a feedback cycle. That's
giving your intelligence _much_
too much credit.
-- Linus Torvalds
27. “You agree not to accept credit for completing a course unless
you have earned a Verified Certificate (or other equivalent
Coursera credential) for that course.”
28. Hiding Behind Fair Use and TEACH
Hacked fixes must remain
hidden and kept quiet
36. Open
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions
37. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
39. Own, Don’t Access
“Access” is a war on ownership of private property
If you can’t 5R it, you don’t own it
40. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
41.
42. License Comments
No one can definitively say what
“noncommercial” means, including
Creative Commons
Creates license incompatibility issues with
other openly licensed materials
Mandated by foundations and
governments, adopted by modern projects
43.
44. License Comments
No one can definitively say what
“noncommercial” means, including
Creative Commons
Creates license incompatibility issues with
other openly licensed materials
Mandated by foundations and
governments, adopted by modern projects
45. Open
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions
57. Outcomes
Six-year
graduation
rate for
open access
institutions
33%
Avg. annual textbook
cost per college
student
$1,200
Costs growing
3x
inflation
Cost
students go without
textbooks due to cost
6 in 10
take fewer
courses
due to
textbook
cost
35%
Access
of community college
students achieve
credential goals
<50%
A Problem
58. OutcomesCost Access
A Solution
Six-year
graduation
rate for
open access
institutions
?%
Avg. annual textbook
cost per college
student
< $50
Costs
going to
$0 students go without
textbooks due to cost
0 in 10
take fewer
courses
due to
textbook
cost
0% of community college
students achieve
credential goals
?%
73. REPLACE REALIGN RETHINK
• Adopt an open
textbook – wholesale
– in place of a
commercial textbook
• Everything else stays
the same
- Significant cost savings
for students
- Little or no change in
student success
• Start from learning
outcomes
• Aggregate best OER
for each outcome
• Personalize content
for your students
- Significant cost savings
for students
- Modest change in
student success
• REALIGN
• Explore open
pedagogy
• Redesign assessment
strategy
- Significant cost savings
for students
- Moderate to significant
change in student
success
The Remix Hypothesis
74. Open Credential
The kinds of credentials you can award
when outcomes, assessments,
resources, and pedagogy are open that
you cannot do otherwise.
75. The Z-Degree
REMOVING TEXTBOOK COSTS AS A
BARRIER TO STUDENT SUCCESS
THROUGH AN OER-BASED CURRICULUM
Decreased cost to
graduate by 25%
Increased
pedagogical flexibility
Improved course
completion rates
78. Open Ed Tech Infrastructure?
1. Should democratize innovation in
education
2. Should permit innovation in
education
79. Open Ed Tech Infrastructure
1. Democratizes innovation (Free?
Easy to use?)
2. Permits innovation (OSI license?
Interoperability? Campus policies?
Pedagogical assumptions?)
80. Get Out of the Way
We should be making “resources that
create benefits for society primarily
through the facilitation of
downstream productive activities.”
81. Alignment and Synergy
Open education infrastructure and
Open educational tech infrastructure
are setting the stage for terrific things