3rd ENoLL Living Lab Summer School Research Day

1. www.fireball4smartcities.eu
Smart Cities as Innovation Ecosystems
Sustained by the Future Internet
Living Labs Summer School 2012, Helsinki
Hans Schaffers
Visiting professor Aalto University School of Business, CKIR
ESoCE Net
Scientific Coordinator of FIREBALL

2. FIREBALL White Paper May 2012
Download from www.fireball4smartcities.eu
www.esoce.net
www.urenio.org
www.ami-communities.eu

3. The “Smart City” concept
 We often consider – based on rankings - the Smart City as a
reality
 Smart City: not a reality but an urban development strategy,
and a mostly technology driven future vision
 Smart City is about how citizens are shaping the city, and how
citizens are empowered to contribute to urban development
 Smart City is an urban laboratory, an urban “innovation
ecology”, an accelerator and agent of change
 We are witnessing promising developments towards smarter
cities
 What is the DNA of the Smart City?

4. The FIREBALL Project
 Cities increasingly transform into what can be called “urban
innovation ecosystems“
 Cities start experimenting the opportunities of the (Future)
Internet through “living labs” approaches for engaging end-
users in the innovation process
 FIREBALL aims to bring together Cities, Living Labs and Future
Internet stakeholders to explore models and practices of how
open innovation and user participation supports the
experimentation and uptake of the Future Internet

5. FIREBALL
Results
 Smart city vision, landscape
 Cases of “smart(er) cities” 

 Smart city Future Internet -

enabled “innovation 

ecosystems” 


 Smart Cities roadmap
and cities action plans
 Community building ,
creation of a Connected
Smart Cities network
 Portal and web 2.0 tools

6. Barcelona smart city development
Leading role of City Hall
Smart city Strategy SC Management
• Kiosks • 22@net
• Barc activa
• Internal gov • Tech park
• Open data • Urban Lab
• 3D projects SMART
GOVERNA
SMART
• Strategic plan
Smart Districts: Creation of networks of
NCE
ECONOMY
22@Barcelona; triple actors, organisations,
helix collaborations departments
SMART
LIVING
SMART
PEOPLE
Living Lab initiatives: Broadband network and
• Municipal Police • Cibernarium
22@Urban Lab, Live, sensor data management
• New incidents tools
• Intel environments
• Citilab Cornella
Bdigital, i2Cat, Fablab, Creation of proof of
Cornella concepts for systems and
Smart city model: Infrastructure building: applications
traditional and new.
Integration ofTICT. From Challenges
fibre optic to h
Wi-Fi. Demand for human
New services to capital and skills
citizens: gov, r
quality of VC funding for innovation
e
life, professional
Low global connectivity
Open data: sensors,
e
open standard, and city Development of triple
platform helix alliances
p Collaboration between
government departments
i

7. Thessaloniki smart city development
ICT transforming city activities and ecosystems
Broadband networks Apps and e-services: Planning for Smart
by large companies Bottom-up initiatives district
ADSL: 24/1 Mb City representation Development of wired
City sectors and wireless networks
Fibre optic net: 2,5 Gb City districts Free Internet to users
3G-HSDPA: 42 Mb Citizens. Aggregation / and business.
collective content
Wireless: free Smart environments
City administration and
(municipal nets) social services based on sensors
Location-based services e-services suitable for
City infrastructure and the community of each
utilities district
City management Training services for
involvement of end-users
Governance challenges:
Three gaps to address
(1)Digital skills gap - TRAINING
(2)Creativity gap – LIVING LABS
(3)Entrepreneurship gap –
BUSINESS MODELS

8. Manchester smart city development
Digital strategies and smart environments for urban renewal
Urban regeneration Digital Strategy Toward Smart City
Flagship initiatives
Since mid-1980s the Started in 2008 and review East Manchester: a
City Council embarked in 2011 with respect to regeneration challenge
EU Digital Agenda and Eastserve: first Living Lab
on city regeneration consulting with local Corridor Living lab NGA
 Drive economic change stakeholders. Main project
through technology objectives: Next generation open
 Focus on neighborhood Digital inclusion, access fibre optic
generate skills and network
focused action, creative tackle the divides Principles for Smart Cities
city, and innovation Neighbourhood
Digital industries, new
In 1990s Manchester employment, cluster of regeneration as starting
point for a smart city
telematics Partnership digital and creative Digital collaborations
Currently, e-services to
businesses through Living Labs
address inequalities Digital innovation: Putting people at the
working with the future heart of the agenda
and digital democracy Internet research An inclusive and
Balance of top-down community to support sustainable approach to
Manchester as Smart digital development
and bottom-up actions
City Exemplar projects

9. Helsinki smart city development
Living Labs and new clusters for smart city strategy
A Porterian cluster in mobile technology is
emerging in Helsinki.
Clustering strengthens motivation,
incentives, innovation, and enables
externalities .
The mobile applications cluster is
sustaining Helsinki ‘s Smart City strategy
Factor conditions: Demand conditions: Firm strategy: Supporting industries:
Broadband, telecoms, Government demand, Companies within Broadband infrastructure,
NOKIA, skilled banking , SMOPEC, global 3G nets, specialized
workforce, start-ups transportation, etc markets, intense local service providers
competition
Competitions for Open Data apps as strategy for cluster development
The Helsinki Regions made available public transportation data
Apps4Finland makes data available related to environment and spatial information
Competitions and Living Labs as drivers for the M-cluster development

10. Empowerment Examples
 Thessaloniki: emergence of
developer communities: e-services
and applications e.g. mobility services
 Oulu: PATIO (test user community
tool): empower ordinary people to
experiment new services
 Manchester: Digital City Test-Bed (as
a vision)
 Barcelona: 22@Urban Lab: city as
urban lab, pilot programs, use of
public spaces, e.g. Open data
 Helsinki: competitions for innovative
applications e.g. Apps4Finland;
Innovative City program; Open Data
business development initiatives

11. Smart citizens and Open Data –
Helsinki examples
Tell-on-the-Map
 Smart city – service – map-based
organisation in an Commentary
tool, enabling a
innovative dialogue
environment between citizens
and city
 Exploiting available
information Apps4Finland
competition –
 Idea incubators use city Helsinki
Public
data – Apps4Finland Transport
competition Visualised
 Open interfaces are an Service Map:
important step in the open information
channel about
development of offices and
the City’s systems services

12. Smart city strategies implementation
prospects and bottlenecks: SWOT
Strengths Opportunities
• Cultural heritage, attractiveness • Competitiveness of local clusters
• Development strategies, planning • Exploiting service innovation
• Broadband network deployment opportunities towards new business
• Major development initiatives • Opportunities for local ICT sectors and
entrepreneurship
• Introducing participatory city planning
Weaknesses Threats
• Top down orientation to planning • Economic crisis, lack of resources
• Lacking attention to concrete needs of • Vulnerable business models for
citizens and SMEs sustainability of public sector initiatives
• Digital gaps • Low level of private investment in R&D
• Lacking orientation on entrepreneurship and innovation
• Weak policy and funding instruments • Weak institutional environments for
• Impact and benefits measurement technology and innovation

13. Comparing the smart(er) city cases
Helsinki Thessaloniki Manchester Oulu Barcelona
Concept Smart City Intelligent Cities Urban City of Social and
cluster, Mobile regeneration Innovation urban growth
Strategies Knowledge Building smart Tackling skills Technology Smart
intensive districts and divides Ubiquitous districts,
cluster building Agglomeration of Pro-active Oulu Urban Living
Apps approach Lab
Drivers Strengthen the ICT and Economic Policy and Policies of city
region infrastructure development strategies of hall; triple
deployment Oulu helix
Challenges Human capital Digital skills gaps Common Adapt policy Enhancing
base Creativity gap digital agenda instruments collaboration;
Entrepreneurship to create human capital
gap business / skills,
funding
Innovation Public private Innovation Living labs and Strong PPP City hall
ecosystem partnerships clusters local action programmes, leadership;
Competition for Technology triple helix, Triple Helix
innovation districts urban lab models

14. Smart Cities cases - lessons learned
 Smart city is more an urban strategy than an urban reality. Smart cities
will appear through numerous bottom-up initiatives besides some
strategic planning, and infrastructure development.
 Top-down planning and bottom-up initiatives should complement each
other. City hall is sometimes dominant. Dilemmas of citizen engagement.
 Widespread use of pilots is preparing cities for initiative, experiment and
learning
 Districts, neighborhoods, and clusters are fundamental elements of smart
city strategy, because the city is a system of systems, and cities co-exist
within cities.
 A smart city strategy involves all actors, organizations, communities, R&D,
NGOs, clusters, and authorities. The partnership strategy should achieve
a common vision, flagship projects, collaboration and synergy.
 Major challenges for successful smart city strategies deal with skills,
creativities, user-driven innovation, entrepreneurship, VC funding, and
management of intra-government rivalries.
 Lack of evidence on impact and effectiveness of smart city strategies.

15. Smart city innovation ecosystems
enabled by “common assets”
 Future Internet
testbeds as technology
platforms
 Smart cities: policies,
application pull, public
data, citizens initiatives
 Living lab: User-driven
playground for co-
creating and validating
innovative scenarios
and services

16. Examples of evolving smart city
“innovation ecosystems”
 Bretagne: ImaginLab testbed explores
advanced applications in living lab
setting, offering wide range of
services, enabled by advanced
infrastructure, based on partnership
business model
 Oulu: Octopus network, Innovation
ImaginLab
Kitchen, Open Web Lab, LearnLab,
Ubiquitous Oulu and many more
 Barcelona: a diverse set of network
infrastructures, facilities, initiatives
(22@UrbanLab), living labs, projects,
planning activities, partnerships
 Manchester: advanced infrastructure of
open access fibre to premises; support
creation of ; co-ownership approaches Manchester

17. Simple models for concurrent use
of testbed and living labs facilities

18. Challenges for next years
 Networks of Future Internet testbed facilities and living labs within and
across smart cities and regions may become the backbone of European
innovation ecologies and value networks – Horizon 2020
 Capabilities and resources, including experiment facilities , user oriented
methodologies, service offerings and collaboration models enabling access
and use of facilities and services should evolve
 Smart Cities are environments to experiment technologies and applications,
however the potential for business creation and entrepreneurship should be
stimulated (e.g. DAIR, Canada)
 Open innovation and citizen empowerment requires finding new balances
between top-down steering and bottom-up initiative
 Assessment of the impact and benefits of “smarter cities” in terms of value
created for citizens. There is a lack of evidence showing impact, how can we
achieve and measure the impact and value added of smart city initiatives?

19. White Paper
Download from www.fireball4smartcities.eu

20. Special Issue on Smart Applications for Smart Cities: New
Approaches to Innovation
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce
Research
Guest Editors: Hans Schaffers, Carlo Ratti and Nicos Komninos
Publishing date: December 2012
Information: www.jtaer.com

21. Research challenges Smart Cities, Living
Labs, Innovation, Urban development
 From PR, hype and buzz to facts and observations, critical
analysis, case study research, theories end methods grounded
in empirical research
 Some of the key research topics:
 Innovation studies: how does it work, how can we explain successes
and failures
 Effectiveness of urban development strategies or interventions
 Comparative research into different approaches to become smarter
cities
 Action research approaches, socio-technical systems change
perspectives
 Design and engineering practice studies in living lab contexts