Open innovation in the public sector is needed for three main reasons: 1) to address increasing diversity of services and decreasing budgets while reinventing cities, 2) to develop a framework using seven mechanisms, one enabler, and two objectives to foster innovation ecosystems, and 3) to leverage resources for growth rather than regulate, by co-developing with users and communities rather than developing in-house. Urban labs and sharing data can spur unexpected civic apps and results by involving citizens in public transportation.

1. Why do we need
Open Innovation
in the Public Sector?
Esteve Almirall
ESADE
Business
School
esteve.almirall@esade,edu

2. 1) Problem &–Opportunity
2) Framework with
7 mechanisms x 1 enabler x 2 objectives
3) Why

3. 1) O ne Problem - Opportunity

4. 1. Increasing{number
diversity }
of services
2. Decreasing budgets
3. Need to re-invent cities (Smart
Cities) . . . Public Sector.

5. Open Innovation ?

7. 180.000 + jobs

8. The battle of devices has now become a war of
ecosystems, where ecosystems include not only the
hardware and software of the device, but developers,
applications, ecommerce, advertising, search, social
applications, location-based services, unified
communications and many other things. Our
competitors aren't taking our market share with
devices; they are taking our market share with an
entire ecosystem.
Stephen
Elop
Nokia
-­‐
CEO

9. Open Innovation in the
Public Sector ?

10. Despite access to the same technologies applied by
these (private) innovators, our government had
historically failed to tap into the expertise of the
American people to help to solve our nation’s biggest
challenges.
Annesh
Chopra
U.S.A.
-­‐
CTO

12. Service Platform
- govs. - orchestrators
Providers

13. Service Platform
- govs. - orchestrators
Providers
resources to regulate resources to leverage on
(zero-sum game) (non zero-sum game)

14. 2) One Framework with
7 mechanisms x 1 enabler x 2 objectives

15. 7 mechanisms for O.I. in Cities
Involving Citizens
& Constituencies
Prizes in
Challe , e nting
Comp
nges &
Ex perim Labs
n
etition
s Urba

16. 7 mechanisms for O.I. in Cities x 1 enabler
Involving Citizens
& Constituencies
Prizes in
Challe , e nting
Comp
nges &
Ex perim Labs
n
etition
s Urba

17. 7 mechanisms for O.I. in Cities x 1 enabler
Involving Citizens
& Constituencies
rope Ope
n
or Eu Citie
m ons f s
Com
CityS
DK
Smart Wo
rld nL abs
Capital Urba
Prizes in
Challe , e nting
Comp
nges &
Ex perim Labs
n
etition
s Urba

18. managing ecosystems
Involving Citizens
& Constituencies
rope Ope
n
or Eu Citie
m ons f s
Com
CityS
DK
Smart Wo
rld nL abs
Capital Urba
Prizes in
Challe , e nting
Comp
nges &
Ex perim Labs
n
etition
s Urba
Creating & nourishing marketplaces

19. managing ecosystems
Involving Citizens
& Constituencies
rope Ope
n
or Eu Citie
m ons f s
Com
CityS
DK
Smart Wo
rld nL abs
Capital Urba
Prizes in
Challe , e nting
Comp
nges &
Ex perim Labs
n
etition
s Urba
marketplaces

20. Data
becomes
a
pla>orm
for
developers
to
create
apps
providing
unexpected
services
OPEN
DATA
-­‐
ECOSYSTEMS

21. a problem
How to provide an
increasing number and
diversity of ICT services
while fostering innovation
ecosystems?

22. The Old Way
1.0
you know
the way it’s done now

23. The New Way
Open Data
+
2.0 -> Citizen talent
+
Fame and fortune
=
?

25. unexpected results when
sharing data in Public
regon
transportation
tland-O Sleep soundly.
Por The iNap app will wake snoozing commuters as
their stop approaches.
Predict arrival.
The city doesn't provide live GPS tracking of its
trains and buses, but the app ArrivalTracker
uses an algorithm and city API data to predict
arrival times fairly well.
Portland's Tri-County Metropolitan
Transportation District was one of the first to
release actionable data, way back in 2008.
Fast Company, October 2011

26. unexpected results when
sharing data in Public
transportation
ton
os
Crowdsource trouble.
B OpenMBTA searches Twitter to relay what
problems riders are reporting.
Hear it straight.
How Fucked Is the T? bluntly sums up the
state of each subway line like a native
Bostonian would. Sample: If the Orange
Line's average wait time is 5.5 minutes, the
line "might be a little fucked.”
Massachusetts has more than 200 mobile
startups, which have developed dozens of
transit apps for navigating the finicky
Massachusetts Bay Transportation
Authority.
Fast Company, October 2011

27. unexpected results when
sharing data in Public
transportation
York
ew
Come and go efficiently.
N Exit Strategy NYC lets subway riders fulfill
the eternal Gotham need: leave and enter
stations at the most convenient staircases.
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority
has released limited data, so app
development is slow. But that may change.
The MTA's App Quest contest will give a
combined $15,000 in prizes to transit app
developers. Winners are announced
November 1.
Fast Company, October 2011

28. Civic Ecosystem Civic
Data Apps Innovation
Innovator Profit-
Catalog Contests Marketplace
Networks non profit

29. Learn
locally
to
compete
globally
EXPERIMENTATION
–
URBAN
LABS

30. Urban Labs = Test spaces in the
middle of the city
Urban Labs = The City as a Urban
Laboratory
Urban Labs = Urban Living labs
Urban Labs = Real-life
experimentation
with users in Cities

31. Urban
Labs
–
Living
Labs
Example: Urbiotica pilot - Barcelona
8 containers for:
Trash
Paper
Glass
Plastics

32. A Barcelona experience: Urban Lab
Pilots
Some results
 Starting date: 2008
 Pilot proposals received: 43 pilot proposals
 Pilot tested or testing actually: 14 pilots
 Domains: Enviroment, Mobility, Telecom, …
Some of the pilot projects that have been trialled to date are:
 Implementation of 12 outdoor public street lighting points Eco Digital with LED
technology. 2009
 Implementation of 2 charging points for electric cars. 2009
 Pilot trial of 1 electrically and solar powered motorbike . 2010
 Traffic control cameras. 2008
 Metering: gas, electricity and water meters without presence.2009
 Fibre optics in homes (FTTH) . 2008
 Bicycle lanes. 2008
 Presence sensors for the public parking payment areas. 2010
 Barcelona Noise-map. 2010
 Among others…
Promoció Econòmica

33. FASTPRK - Parking Sensors (30) - Worldsensing
When we thought that the system was operative we
tested it in the 22@Urban Lab. Testing in real-life
environments allowed us to improve aspects that
we couldn't even think of in the lab. The Urban Lab
has been our best laboratory.
Jordi Llosa- Development officer Worldsensing

34. SIIUR - LED Lighting Pilot (12) - Arelsa, Circuitor,
Santa&Cole, e-Control, Prysmian, Semal
The SIIUR experience allowed us the development
of the SmartTower, a new family of electrical boxes
for Smart Cities.
Anna Urbiztondo - Project Development Director - SECE

35. SIIUR - LED Lighting Pilot (12) - Arelsa, Circuitor,
Santa&Cole, e-Control, Prysmian, Semal
Because of the pilot and the experience acquired
in the Urban Lab, Eindhoven chose SIIUR for
environmentally sustainable city lighting in
one of the main districts of the city.
Gemma Batlle- TIC Cluster Director - BDigital

36. Urban Labs
1.- To develop innovative products taking
advantage of real-life environments and
involving citizens in design, proof of
service and proof of business validation.
2.- Bridge the cognitive distances between city
administrations and innovative companies.
3.- Create an initial demand & provide a
showcase for innovative solutions.
- learn locally, compete globally-

37. EU
Projects
OPEN
CITIES

38. Objectives
1) Explore how to approach Open & User Driven
Innovation Methodologies in the Public
Sector, particularly Smart Cities.
ü Best Practices.
ü Innovation Management in the Public
Sector.
ü Platform governance.
2) Trigger Rich Internet Services & Platforms
through four mechanisms.
ü Ideas -– Crowdsourcing.
ü Living Labs -–Urban Labs.
ü Data - Open Data (static & dynamic-Sensors).
ü Networks - Open FTH networks.

39. Helsinki
Berlin Senate !
Fraunhofer FOKUS
City of Amsterdam
NESTA Berlin Dutch
Amsterdam !
Cap Digital
Paris
Institut Telecom
ESADE
Barcelona Activa
Atos Origin
Rome
UPF – Univ. Pompeu Fabra !
Barcelona DotOpen
Tempos21
!

40. !

41. Building
blocks
Crowdsourcing
pla>orm
Opinions & ideas Community News
• Collecting ideas & • Submit profile • News
suggestions • Forum • Project information &
• Opinions sharing • Ranking updates
• Information sharing • Rating • Events & activities
• Rating • Co-creation • Blogs
• Working together • Connect to social
networks
Platform Manager
Users administration
Managing functionalities
Statistics & documentation
Configuration management
Archiving / Datawarehousing Intranet /local website

42. High
Level
Pla>orm
Architecture
Administra>ons OpenCi>es)Data)Pla@orm
Publish) ))CMS
Metadata Data% Indirect)Data)(Apps))Users
Civil%
Portal Search)
Servant%
Portal AppPortal Apps User
(Metadata)
Publish)
App)
Metadata
Publish) Open%Data
Metadata Import Registry
)API
Indexer
Import)
City% selected) Data% Nomenclature Search)
Websites datasets Enrichment Data
Linked)Data)
Converter Mul=%Data%Store
Endpoint Direct)Data)Users)
(e.g.)App)developers,
data)businesses)
Load)Data
Apps

43. Sensor
Networks
DB
Other DB
Systems:
Static data DB
City Council
OpenData Web
Interfaces
App
Layer Users &
Entities
Open
Data
S1
Bussiness
DB DB
Interfaces
Data
Logic
S2 Layer
HUB
S3
DB DB
DB
WP4 Open
WP6 Open Sensor Network Platform Data Platform

44. EU
Projects
COMMONS
4
EUROPE

46. ConsorCum
InsCtuCons
Country
ESADE
Spain
Forum
Virium
Finland
Fraunhofer
Germany
Manchester
Manchester
City
Hall
UK
City
of
Amsterdam
Netherland
Waag
Netherland
Province
of
Rome
Italy
CASPUR
Italy
Lynx
Italy
Barcelona
City
Hall
Spain
University
Pompeu
Fabra
Spain
SupporCng
OrganizaCons
Guifi.net
Spain
NESTA
UK
World
Bank
(ICT
Department)
DotOpen
Spain
City
of
Berlin

51. Sharing,
reusing,
finding,
bigger
audience,
avoid
reinvenVng
the
wheel
…
MARKETPLACES

56. An
App
Becomes
a
Pla>orm
ADOPT-­‐A-­‐WHATEVER…

59. 1
App.
7
CiCes.
Many
Uses.
Boston,
MA
Honolulu,
HI
SeaXle,
WA
Norfolk,
VA
Chicago,
IL
Bloomington,
IN
Buenos
Aires,
ArgenVna
And
more
everyday…

61. 3) One Why

62. Service Platform
- govs. - orchestrators
Providers
resources to regulate resources to leverage on
(zero-sum game) (non zero-sum game)

63. Service Platform
- govs. - orchestrators
Providers
developed in-house co-developed
always fall short with users, communities
high-cost free and not-free
no sharing empowering entrepreneurship
local offer driven by innovation
fragmented stimulating growth

64. Service - govs.- Platform
Providers orchestrators

65. esteve almirall
esteve.almirall@esade.edu