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“A More Perfect Union”
Senator Barack Obama’s speech in
Philadelphia on March 18, 2008.
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
“The government gives them the drugs, builds
bigger prisons, passes a three-strike law and then
wants us to sing‘God Bless America’. No, no,
no, God damn America, that’s in the Bible for
killing innocent people….God damn America for
treating our citizens as less than human. God
damn America for as long as she acts like she is
God and she is supreme.” — 2003 sermon
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
“The document they produced was eventually
signed but ultimately unfinished. It was stained
by this nation’s original sin of slavery, a question
that divided the colonies and brought the
convention to a stalemate until the founders
chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at
least twenty more years, and to leave any final
resolution to future generations….
“The document they produced was eventually
signed but ultimately unfinished. It was stained
by this nation’s original sin of slavery, a question
that divided the colonies and brought the
convention to a stalemate until the founders
chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at
least twenty more years, and to leave any final
resolution to future generations….
Article 1. Section 2. Paragraph 3:
“Representatives and directTaxes shall be
apportioned among the several States which may be
included within this Union,according to their
respective Numbers,which shall be determined by
adding to the whole Number of free Persons
…and…three fifths of all other Persons.”
AsWilliam Faulkner once wrote,‘The past
isn’t dead and buried. In fact, it isn’t even
past.’ We do not need to recite here the
history of racial injustice in this country. But
we do need to remind ourselves that so many
of the disparities that exist in the African-
American community today can be directly
traced to inequalities passed on from an earlier
generation that suffered under the brutal
legacy of slavery and Jim Crow.”
The
Peculiar
Institution
Slavery
1.African Origins?
2.Atlantic SlaveTrade
3.Colonial Slavery
4.TheWorld of the Enslaved
5.Northern African Americans
6.Conclusion
African Origins?
kingdoms
absolute monarchies
large landowners
small landowners
slaves
protected
property
hereditary
POWs
Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
400,000
4,000,000
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
“Middle Passage”
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
10-15%
1807 (GB), 1808 (US)
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Colonial Slavery
MISCEGENATION: mid 19th century, formed irregularly
from Latin miscere‘to mix’ + genus‘race’ + English -ation.
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
entrenchment
GB: 80%
NE: 284 million lbs
cotton‘gin
$350…$1500
$350…$1500
1860
“average” slave
The World
of the Enslaved
hierarchy
1) house
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
1) house
2) hotel/artisan
2) hotel/artisan
1) house
3) field hand
????
Theory #1
Computer-assisted model
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
<LIFE SPANS>
SouthernWhites
NorthernWhiteWC
EnslavedAfrican-Americans
SouthernWhites?
Northern whiteWC?
EnslavedAf-Ams?
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
SouthernWhites
Northern whiteWC
EnslavedAf-Ams
????Computer-assisted model
Theory #2
Psychological model
Stanley Elkins
Slavery : A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life (1959)
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
????Psychological model
Northern
African
Americans
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
5/15
1860
segregation
discrimination
“last hired, first fired”
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
William Lloyd Garrison
“I do not wish to think, or speak,
or write, with moderation….
I am in earnest – I will not
equivocate – I will not excuse –
I will not retreat a single inch –
AND IWILL BE HEARD.”
“A covenant with death &
an agreement with hell.”
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
Article 1. Section 2. Paragraph 3:
“Representatives and directTaxes shall be
apportioned among the several States which may be
included within this Union,according to their
respective Numbers,which shall be determined by
adding to the whole Number of free Persons
…and…three fifths of all other Persons.”
Frederick Douglass
“written by himself”
Narrative of the Life of
Frederick Douglass
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
<10%
(of Northerners)
riots
riots
Conclusion
How to end the
Peculiar Institution?
Slavery, The Peculiar Institution
“[A]lmost exclusively slave labor except as to the Boss
men…enables me of course to compete with other
manufacturers.”
Joseph R. Anderson, 1847
Tredegar Iron Works
Joseph R. Anderson, 1847
Tredegar Iron Works
BACKSTORY

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Slavery, The Peculiar Institution