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Nucleic acids

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Olena Rodina
Olena Rodina
EducationTechnology
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Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA
Hundreds of thousands of proteins exist inside each one of us to help carry out our daily functions. These proteins are produced locally, assembled piece-by-piece to exact specifications
This information, detailing the specific structure of the proteins inside of our bodies, is stored in a set of molecules called nucleic acids.
Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
COMPOSITION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of NUCLEOTIDE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Structure of Nucleic Acid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
The Structure of Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],[object Object]
Different pentose sugars in RNA & DNA RNA DNA Sugar carbons have prime numbers, to distinguish them from atoms in bases
Nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object]
Heterocyclic Nitrogen Bases RNA DNA
DNA - POLYNUCLEOTIDE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RNA - POLYNUCLEOTIDE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of Nucleic Acid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA ,[object Object]
WATSON-CRICK MODEL Combination of two single strands The Double Helix Sugar-phosphate backbone outside, bases inside 1953
WATSON-CRICK MODEL Bases form specific base pairs , held together by hydrogen bonds Structure compatible with any sequence of bases
WATSON-CRICK MODEL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The base pairing is the key to understanding how DNA functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Watson-Crick base pairs Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds (eg. C-C or C-N) Covalent bonds determine structure, Weak hydrogen bonds - Stabilize double helix
Base Pairing in DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CHROMATIN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  It is a linear strand of DNA in combination with nuclear proteins We refer to this complex of DNA and proteins as chromatin It is a linear array of genes As a set - they are our genome What is a chromosome?
CHROMOSOME ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Heredity is encoded in DNA within the chromosomes
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is a GENE?
RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA vs RNA ,[object Object],[object Object]
DNA vs RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA vs RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Central Dogma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Central Dogma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Replication ,[object Object]
Transcription ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Translation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Points to remember ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Nucleic acids

  • 2. Hundreds of thousands of proteins exist inside each one of us to help carry out our daily functions. These proteins are produced locally, assembled piece-by-piece to exact specifications
  • 3. This information, detailing the specific structure of the proteins inside of our bodies, is stored in a set of molecules called nucleic acids.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.  
  • 9.
  • 10. Different pentose sugars in RNA & DNA RNA DNA Sugar carbons have prime numbers, to distinguish them from atoms in bases
  • 11.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. WATSON-CRICK MODEL Combination of two single strands The Double Helix Sugar-phosphate backbone outside, bases inside 1953
  • 18. WATSON-CRICK MODEL Bases form specific base pairs , held together by hydrogen bonds Structure compatible with any sequence of bases
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Watson-Crick base pairs Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds (eg. C-C or C-N) Covalent bonds determine structure, Weak hydrogen bonds - Stabilize double helix
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.   It is a linear strand of DNA in combination with nuclear proteins We refer to this complex of DNA and proteins as chromatin It is a linear array of genes As a set - they are our genome What is a chromosome?
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.  
  • 40.