4. endocrin
- 3. vklnlwkkys ;oy; tv dohty dn- bghdk;sy ht.nay oal
grnllguggu pkhnweelgh kywuka n;t.hmta inyt dk;nvsu
oovut;tu^ Ytu tvm do;ooltu gb,mgy; tyt kywuka n;t.hmta
dk;nvee; yt.xnh pgbggj ug;yggv kj;ku dgahg; vooy mtrttlmty
dklky hoy; ffjnay y, gl, ytu tjhmty; oovx ve;vggj y, ;gbrny
mgjh;gu^ OoynaDk;nvsy u
#Inyutyna (uebkjgl,ysa)
pkhnweelug# ut;tu^
Dk;nvsy vklnlwkkys ;oy; oovth n;t.hmta dk;nvee; bt;jtlnay
mkumklwkkys yflffuffj bt;jtlnay ytu tvttv yfuff; yt.xny bt;ttltl
;gbreelgh b-;ngmkjsy oojtu uoawtmutyt^ Rnitt y,% Ykjg;j-y@
glny* gw-mnlhklny* unvmgbny uth btm Ooynau #Bt;jtl
inyutyna de/e y-a@ jkuebkjgl, pkhnweelug# ut;tu^ Tvttvtt
ugjx wev lnbqttj ;gbrny dn-nay gl, ytuty tjhmty; hojx oalxlth
f.fjbfw yflffmta mt;uttj dk;nvsu #:gg.gj (ukjbky) utyt^
3
- 11. :gg.gj htbtth y, dn- bghdk;sy dk;nvsy vklnlwkk* fvflm*
hfurnlmfy; f.fjbfw oalxnluttmta dnklkunay n;t.hm dk;nv
/b^ :gg.gj y, tv t;nay dk;nvsy vklnlwkk yoojv ev ffh mkv
eejunay ynalturnlm q-j@ b-ymnay n;t.hrnl* nvtl;th oal z.w*
tvnay b-bdjgys yt.xoolth xgygj ptjunau ffjxlgh vkyukbkl
yflffmta^
Dn-nay tjhmty t; tvnay fvflm hfurnlmnau ht.nay htbrtty;
dgalughg; wevgy; hg;uglgu;gh ;gg.jee;sy mo.iny (htbrtt)
mk;kjhka dgah iggj;lgugmga^
Mk;kjhka ukjbkys wevgy; hg;uglgu;gh htbrtt htm nhvth
(un'-j@ qey[wn) dgugvgh* (un'kqey[wn) ptjtum ;kmkk;
ioojlnay delxnjhgay f.xny nltj;tu^ Ykaj delxnjhgay
nyvelny ;emgu;ghg; nyvelny mgj,;gu^
:kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhga* bt;jtlnay mkumklwkk hkcjsy
hkldkk hgjnlwgy ezl;ggmga oal grnllgugg /b^
1^:kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhga y,
.-u-mgmn. bt;jtlnay iee; e;nj;lgugy; z.gu;;gu^
2^:kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhgay ;gg.gj wevggj ;gbrny
bt;jtlnay mf.; yflffl;fu
11
- 12. :KMKK: IOOJLNAY DELXNJHGAY MOOHTY HFUR
NL
1^Fyxny mgjhnys ej; htvtu ;tt; vttj yejeemys evgy dojhoolmyttv
thlty oov;tu^ :eugjnu gbmgy; fyxny mgjhn y, ;tt; ejeelsy ;tt; oytjnay
tjhmtyna hgree; dga;gu y, gbys hfy;nay hexeej t;ttv oov;tumta
hkldkkmka^
2^Dkjukwka dn- y, moohty hfurlnay mglggv op.tl hgjggys
tjhmty uejg. ;gh, yo; utu;th dfuff; ;eugjnu gbmgy; tyt y, pelgay
htvtum gj,vgy ;kj dga;gu^
Evmgr dea htldtjttj vooluoa hkcj yemgumgy; hg;uglgu;rtt^ hfhmfy;
pg.vjsy mgjhnys ejugwgu dkjukwka dn- dklr mkum;ku^
3^Dgbdga delxnjhga (dgbdgghga) pf.hfy vttj yejeemgy; dga;gu^
Hgjny hf.xmfyna ;kk; gyunay gb,mgy; pglunejsy f.fj ug;gjug;
pglgbuga vglvmsy hk.nl; dgajlgyg mtjttj nk; gueelvgy vglv
zlugjeel;gu^ Evys gb,mgy; evyggv nk; btm dk;nvsu pglgbuga
vglvm;gg inyuttr g.;gu^ Zvm pgugv ytu dgbdga delxnjhgamga
dklvky^ Hgjny hkcj yemgumgy 2 htvtumta dgbdgamga dfuff; mtj y,
htlty ;kkjkk dgajlg;gu ie.eeys dgbdga delxnjhga bfuffjvfy hkklkaukk
mkajky dgajlgyg^ Vooy mtrttlmty; dkl dgjeey pooy htvtu y,
hkldkkmka dfuff; hopooy;tt dgajlg;gu kywlkumka^
12
- 13. 4^Dgbdgay ;tjut;th delxnjhga^ (nr dgbdgghga) Pgugvgy; tvnay
dffuyfjfl mf;na dgavygg hkcj yemgumgy; 2@3 hexeej t;nay mevuga
dn-ywtj dna dklkk; vooy mtrttlmty; mkk htbrtt dgajlgl y, ffjxlfu;fr
dn- ;ggvgy dga;glmga dkl;ku^ Heejga ugpjsy gb,mgy evyshsu dk;.kl
hkkl hoyvttj nhtthty qkvqgmsu g.gh dklvykkv gjgu zv y, mkbkjx
nloo ;g.v tj;tvnay vklnlwkkys f.fjbfw pkhnweelglm iggj;gu;gr
dgbdgay ;tjut;th delxnjhga mkk htbrttyna he.,; ej,;gh gb,myggv
hgj,wgyuea mkb dklvky exnjmga^
5^Dffjyna ;tt; delxnjhga (dffj ;ttjhta)^ :kk; gb,m;g; tyt
delxnjhgay hklmkvlku dklky mgjhnlgu dk;nv ukl ve;gvys 2 mglggj
;guee hkv mgmlgug bgzumga kji;ku^ Zvm pgugvgy; t;uttj 2 hkv
mgmlgug yeuglgb dojnay hkkjky; vgluee dgajlg;gu^
Hkcj yemgumyggv thltt; yeuglgbsy pg.vjsy mt;uttj mgmlgug
hkkjky;kk ynalty ytu;tr 2 dffjyna ;ttj dgajlgh dklvky^ Ie.eeyggv thltt;
hklmkvlku ;kmjkk mgjhnlgu dk;nv y, kjr zlugj;gu^ Vooy mtrttlmyttv
thltt; tyt 2 delxnjhga dffjyna ;tt; mealsy ;kmyk kjkau hexny veeh
dklrtt^
Voolnay o-; tj;tbmt; pglgbugays yeulggvyggv oov;tu
delxnjhgau eu ugjgl y, gbys wolhtyunay yoo;tllty mojvty t[mk;-jbnay
ugjglmga utr optr dgmlgh dkllkk^
13
- 14. :KMKK: IOOJLNAY DELXNJHGAY
YTUTY DN_NAY HFURNL
• :kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhgau oovtl ugjlggj y, oj
hf.jflnay ;kmkj* ;ey;* ug;gj hgl,vys ugjglmga utr 3
mkb doltu dkluky gyunlr op;tu^ Hoyna oj hf.jflnay
4@ffv 7@j ;klkk hkykunay hkkjky; nhtyh ;kmkk;
ioojlnay delxnjhgayee; ;ttjh 3 ;g.hgjusy mev
dojnayhtt oovut.jttv zlugjgy hfurnr thtl;tu^
14
- 15. |^Tymk;-jbttv oov;tu delxnjhga ;kmjkk 2 doltu dkl;ku^
1^Pglgbugays yebsy yeuglggvyggv ([gjbgy) ugjglmga
delxnjhga ooy;% dgbdga* dgbdgay ;tjut;th delxnjhga* vtjtt
delxnjhga hgbggjgu;gyg^
g) Dgbdga delxnjhga @ oj hf.jflnay 4@j ;klkk hkykukkv
pglgbugay 1@2@j yebsy yeuglggvyggv oovx pglunejsy ej;
hgysy ;tt; pgh htlyna euyggv ;kki ejugr 2 htvtu dklr ;kkilkh;kk
(ductus thyreoglossus) ut;tu wkjuk oovutr dgavygg 7@j ;klkk
hkykum mgvjgy vglr htlyna eum hkyhjsu ol;tt;tu^
d) F.xooyna de/e vtjtt delxnj@ hga pglgbugay 3@4@j yebys
yeuglggv@ yggv hfur;fu^ Bfy hf.jflnay 4@7@j ;klkk hkykum
oov;tu^
.) Dgbdgay ;tjut;th delxnjhga oj hf.jflnay 4@7@j ;klkk hkykum
pglgbugay 3@4@j yebys yeuglggvyggv oovtt; ;kk; htvtu y,
f.xooyna delxnjhgamga hkldkkmka dgavygg mgvgjx hkwjkk;
dgbdga delxnjhgay gj ug;gjug; yggl;gr pgjnb;gg inu;tr kji;ku^
Pglgbugay 4@j yebys yeuglggvyggv oovvty y, nloo uoy;
kjinh /bee evmgr ouoa dklvky dgah x dna^
15
- 16. 2^Ykaj delxnjhgay nyvelny zlugjeel;gu ;kmkk; ioojlnay
gjlsy tvoo;^ Oj hf.jflnay gyh;gux ut;tvyna gjsy dg f.jnay hkcj
oovut.jttv ykaj delxnjhga oovth z.wg; mooyna gwnygjysa
ioojlnay htvuttv zlugjgy hfur;fu^
|^B-pk;-jbttv oov;tu delxnjhga@ yee;% wfb w-lkbsy de/e dn|
nay gyh;gux hfy;nay hexeej t;ttv oov;tu ooy; ;gjgghn delxnjhga
hgbggjgu;gyg^
g)Dffjyna ;tt; delxnjhgay hklmkvlku dk;nv oj hf.jflnay 6 ;gh, ;klkk
hkykukkv gjsy xgwgjhgay
b-pkm-lnay tvttv oovx 7 ;gh, 7
hkykum wevys ve;vggj hojttltu;vty tvnay mgmeejug dga;lggj
htldtjrtt; 12 ;gh, ;klkk hkykunay voolxttj domtw y, mk;jky oojutt
uoawtmutr thtl;tu^
d) Mfbvfuyna ;kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhgalgu t;
.) Mojoo delxnjhgay ;kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhgalgu t;
u) Fy;uf.xyna ;kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhgalgu t;
;)Ebgay ;kmkk; ioojlnay delxnjhgalgu t; t;uttj delxnjhga w-lkbsy
hfy;nay hexeej t;ttv oovtt; mev mevsyhgg tjhmtyna domwty;
kjklwkr ffj ffjnay tvttv zlugjeelvgy ;gg.jsu wevgy; inyutty hgjnlwgy
dn- dn-;tt yflfflr dga;gu^
16
- 17. |^
• || T[mk;-jbttv oov;tu delxnjhga yee; ;gjgghn doluoo;t;
•
he.ggu;gyg^
1^Bt;jtlnay doltu
g) Fyxny mgjhnys gj* f.jnay htvtu hkcj ugpjggv oov;tu^
F.jnay htvtu y, gbys wolhtyunay gj ;tt; hgygyggv ({gjbgy
J-m[-) wolhnay ejugr oj hf.jflnay 4@j ;klkk hkykunay
vool@ xttj ug.lsy hfy;na; kjr dgah o-;tt thltt; ug;gg;
ioojlnay oojtumta dgavygg eu wolhtyunay ueejv ighgu;gy
dnmoojvyttj ;kmkk; ioojlnay oojtu uoawtmutr thtl;tu^
Hgjny gjsy htvtu pg.vjsy mgjhnys ;kk; hgygyggv oovtr f.fj
htvtumtautt ynalr mkum;ku^
d) Dkjukwka dn-^ Tyt y, oj hf.jflnay 5*6 @j ;klkk
hkykum 3@j hk.;klsy hgygys t'ny;-bnay tvttv zlugjgy
hfurnr oj hf.jflnay 7@j ;klkk hkykum gj ;ttitt wolhnay mojr
gvgj mojuty mkbkjx* ;kmkjhn vo. y, ouoa dklr yzumjgy
mkumkyk^
17
- 18. G;j-yglnys mkumklwkkys htvtu Tyt htvtu bt;jtlnay
ueejvys 2 mglsy ;glgyuggv oov;tu dfuff; ;kmkj y, dgv 2
he.ggr op;tu^
g) Dffjyna ;tt; delxnjhgay mgjhnlgu dk;nv^ Bt;jtlnay
ueejvys 2 mglsy ;glgyuggv ejugl bt;jtlnay mtmuth
mkumklwkkys (vnb'gmn[ bt;jtlnay)pgyunlgg oovth o-;
mty;ttv zlugjgy ugjx dojtl;;tu^
d) "gjgugyuln (hjkbgqnyysa) htbtth y, ukl ve;gv mooyna
mkb vglgg gjm-jnay ve;gvys ;guee dgajlgvgy bfy l g;jyglnys mfjlnay ;gg.gj zlugjeel;gu mtjttj bt;jtlnay ueejvys 2
mglsy ;glgyuggv ejugl bt;jtlnay mtmuth mkumklwkkys
htvunau oovth o-; zlugjgy ugjgg; ;ttjh ve;vee;su ;gugr
dgajlg;gu^ Dgv mfbvfuyna ;tjut; dffjyna ;tt; delxnjhgay
hklmkvlku dk;nvsy domtw dohna htvtu dga;unau ytbtu;tl
dffjyna ;tt; delxnjhga uth de/e bgyga gj;sy htlty; mfbvunau
ug;gj dffj utr ytjlt;tu y, ooymta exnj emusy
hkldku;klmka /b^
2^
18
- 19. :KMKK: IOOJLNAY DELXNJHGAY YGVYS KYW
LKU
Fyxny mgjhn@Tyt delxnjhga devg; doh delxnjhgay
;gg.jsu e;nj;gy pkhnweelgh e;nj;ggxnay oojtumta exnj
tbtumtaxoo;t; gl, x ygvgy; tjtumtauttvtt gjga nloo htbrttmta*
hf.uoo;t; 0*25 u khn;k; 0*25 u dgah dfuff; rnjtbvty o-; 1*0 @
1*2 u hojmtl mkbkjx dga;gu^ Dtlunay dkarnlmsy o-; 2 ;ghny
fv;fu^ Hgjny 40 ygvyggv hkai rny htbrtt y, dgugv;gu^
Dkjukwka dn-^ @ Tbtumtaxoo;t; rnjtbvty o-; bfy l
tjtumtauttvtt nh htbrttmta dkl;ku^ Ygv ghnhg; dgv l dgugv;gu^
Dgbdga delxnjhga Yzjga; 1@5 uj dgavygg 18 @20
ygvgy; 30 @ 40 uj@; hojyt^ Tbtumtaxoo;t; vgjsy mtb;unay o-;
moj mkbkj;ku^
F.xooyna delxnjhga^ Yzjga; 13*26 uj 1 @5 ygvgy; 22*98
uj 6 @10 ygvgy; 26*10 uj 11 @15 ygvgy; 37*52 uj dklmkl
mkbjkk; 60@75 ygvgy; 6 uj hojmtl dgugv;gu^ _j y, ;kmkk;
ioojlnay delxnjhgay oojtu dohna tv t;oo; fvfh ygvgy; mkbkjx oal
grnllgugg y, n;t.hrnr fmlfh ygvgy; hgmnyugjinr oal grnllgugg y,
dgugv;gu^ Dtltu dkarnlm rnjtbvlth mfjflm* hfhool o-; n;t.hr;tu
ynamltu inyrmta dga;gu^
19
- 20. :KMKK: IOOJLNAY DELXNJHGAY UGR HFURNL
Fyxny mgjhnys gjsy dg f.jnay htvtu y, hfurffuoa ugrunay elbggv
devg; ;gg.jsu e;nj;gh oal grnllgugg y, ;emgu;gr thtl;tu^ Mehgaldgl
fvflmnay ;gg.gj ;emvyggv mgj.gugy hoy dklkh uth btm^
Tyt delxnjhgay f.jnay htvunay hfurnl dejee;vyggv pglunejsy hgyg*
mej[nay tbttl kjxnb; mooyna f.jnay htvtu dgajlgr ;gg.gj zlugjeelr thtl;tu
mgl dna^ Dffjyna ;tt; delxnjhgay ugr hfurlffv dklkk; mooyna hklmkvlku
dg mgjhnlgu dk;nvee; ty; mty; mgjhgy dgajlgvgy ytbtu;tl htvuoo; ukl
ve;gv ;kk; hfy;na .-y* tbtumtay ebgay fjufy hkldkkv tjtumtay heiugy;
dgajlg;gu mkhnkl;kl wffyuoa^ Ytbtu;tl ;gg.gj tjtumta; hfh ejueelgh*
tbtumta; vghgl ejueelgh uth btm ugr yflff opoolyt^
Dgbdga delxnjhgay dgjeey pooy htvtu y, ynalr pgjnb;gg hopoo.x
hkldkk y, dgahuoa dgah* htm ejm tv.tl hkcj dgah y, x dna^ :kmkk;
ioojlnay delxnjhgay ugr hfurlnay o-; mooyna oal grnllguggys ;emgu;gl
dg nloo;@ lnay elbggv dn- bghdk;sy devg; tjhmty mkumklwkkys oal
grnllguggy; 2 mglsy vfjfu yflff opool;tu^
20
