SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 9
Download to read offline
RESUME OF
CROSS CULTURE UNDERSTANDING
Proposed to fulfill the individual assignments
of Cross Culture Understanding course
Lecturer Dr. Anjali, MM.
Composed By:
OVI SOVINA EKAWATI
NIM. 102300914
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND MANNERS
THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
“SULTAN MAULANA HASANUDDIN BANTEN”
1434 A.H/ 2013 A.D
CHAPTER I
CROSS CULTURAL CONTACT WITH AMERICANS
A. The Term “American”
There are so many types of Americans and yet a mainstream culture
does exist. Even the word American is confusing. After all, American is
consisting and includes North America, Central America and South America.
B. Americans Culture
Some people might argue that it is impossible to generalize about
American. American doesn’t come from a common ancestor. Expect for native
Americans (Indian), American come from different immigrant and refugee
groups. Americans do have a common heritage, but it is based on cultural
diversity or multiculturalism. There are many terms in American culture:
- Mainstream Culture: the behavior of the groups based on its values and
beliefs.
- Melting pot: a society in which ethnic group blend and become a group.
American views of their own diversity have changed over the years in early
1900’s some peoples describe American melting pot from that description
is not very accurate however because ethnic group have always been
different from one another.
- Mosaic: a society in which ethnic groups retain their separate identities but
together from the larger community. By the 1970’s, better analogy was
introduced American multicultural society that described a generalization: a
statement describing general behavior that does not apply all the times a
mosaic in which all the races and ethnic group could be proudly displayed.
- Stereotype: an exaggerate belief about a group often base on lack
information or contact with members of that group.
C. American Values
Value such the ones just described, are the backbone of American
culture. They influence how many American think and act. Before proceeding
to the list itself, we should also point out that Americans see all of these values
as very positive ones. American values are:
1. Personal control over the environment X fate
Americans no longer believe in the power of Fate, and they have
come to look at people who do as being backward, primitive, or hopelessly
naïve. To be call "fatalistic" is one of the worst criticisms one can receive
in the American context; to an American, it means one is superstitious and
lazy, unwilling to take any initiative in bringing about improvement.
In the United States, people consider it normal and right that Man
should control Nature, rather than the other way around. More specifically,
people believe every single individual should have control over whatever in
the environment might potentially affect him or her.
2. Change X Tradition
In the American mind, change is seen as an indisputably good
condition. Change is strongly linked to development, improvement,
progress, and growth. Many older, more traditional cultures consider
change as a disruptive, destructive force, to be avoided if at all possible.
Instead of change, such societies value stability, continuity, tradition, and a
rich and ancient heritage—none of which are valued very much in the
United States.
3. Control over time X Time walks
For the average American, time is the most importance. To the
foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things
accomplished on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they
are with developing deep interpersonal relations. Schedules, for the
American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest
detail.
4. Equality and Egalitarianism X Hierarchy, Rank, Status.
Equality is, for Americans, one of their most cherished values. This
concept is so important for Americans that they have even given it a
religious basis. They say all people have been "created equal." Most
Americans believe that God views all humans alike without regard to
intelligence, physical condition or economic status. In secular terms this
belief is translated into the assertion that all people have an equal
opportunity to succeed in life. Americans differ in opinion about how to
make this ideal into a reality. Yet virtually all agree that equality is an
important civic and social goal.
5. Individualism and Privacy X Group Orientation
Here, each individual is seen as completely and marvelously
unique, that is, totally different from all other individuals and, therefore,
particularly precious and wonderful. Americans may, and do, join
groups—in fact many groups—but somehow believe they’re just a little
different, just a little unique, just a little special, from other members of the
same group. And they tend to leave groups as easily as they enter them.
6. Self Help X Birthright Inheritance
Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a
rich family. (In the United States, that would be considered "an accident of
birth.") Americans pride themselves in having been born poor and, through
their own sacrifice and hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of
success to whatever level they have achieved—all by themselves. The
American social system has, of course, made it possible for Americans to
move, relatively easily, up the social ladder.
7. Future Orientation X Past Orientation
Valuing the future and the improvements Americans are sure the
future will bring means that they devalue that past and are, to a large extent,
unconscious of the present. Even a happy present goes largely unnoticed
because, happy as it may be, Americans have traditionally been hopeful
that the future would bring even greater happiness. Almost all energy is
directed toward realizing that better future.
8. Action and Work Orientation X Being Orientation
"Don’t just stand there," goes a typical bit of American advice, "do
something!" This expression is normally used in a crisis situation, yet, in a
sense, it describes most American’s entire waking life, where action—any
action—is seen to be superior to inaction.
9. Informality X Formality
In Indonesian view, Americans seem to be extremely informal, and
will probably feel that they are even disrespectful of those in authority. As
one example of this informality, American bosses often urge their
employees to call them by their first names and even feel uncomfortable if
they are called by the title "Mr." or "Mrs."
10. Directness, Openness, Honesty X Indirectness
Americans, however, have always preferred the first approach.
They are likely to be completely honest in delivering their negative
evaluations. Americans are not trying to make you lose face with their
directness. It is important to realize that an American would not, in such
case, lose face. There is no way to soften the blow of such directness and
openness if you are not used to it except to tell you that the rules have
changed while you are here. Indeed, Americans are trying to urge their
fellow countrymen to become even more open and direct.
11. Materialism X Spiritualism
Americans are materialistic. This means that they value and collect
more material objects than most people would ever dream of owning. It
also means they give higher priority to obtaining, maintaining and
protecting their material objects than they do in developing and enjoying
interpersonal relationships.
CHAPTER II
CROSS CULTURAL CONFLICT AND ADJUSTMENT
A fish out of water is the expression has been used to describe someone
who living in a new culture. In thinking about how someone will adjust to a new
culture, the following questions should be considered:
- Motivation – Relationships with other
- Length of stay – Financial situations
- Language and culture – Job
- Language and cultural knowledge – Age
- Personality – Degree
A ride on roller coaster is the expression that people can be experience
both loving and hating the new country. There are distinct stages in the adjustment
process:
1. Honeymoon Period
Many people are fascinated and excited by everything in the new culture.
2. Culture Shock
The individuals are immersed in new problem.
3. Initial Adjustment
Everyday activities such as housing and shopping are no longer major
problems.
4. Mental Isolation
Individual have been away from their family and good friends.
5. Acceptances and integration
A routine activity has established. They feel comfortable with new country.
There are typical symptoms of problem adjusting to the new culture:
1. Homesickness
2. Inability to work well
3. Too much eating, drinking or sleeping
4. Anger toward the members of the new culture
5. Glorifying the native culture and emphasizing the negative in the new
culture
6. Withdrawal and avoidance of contact with people from the new culture
7. Lack of ability to deal with even small problems.
CHAPTER III
VERBAL COMMUNICATION: THE WAY PEOPLE SPEAK
Conversational Involvement:
A. High Involvement
1. Talk more
2. Interrupt more
3. Expect to be interrupted
4. Talk more loudly
5. Talk more quickly
B. High Considerateness
1. Speak one at a time
2. Use polite listening sound
3. Refrain from interrupting
4. Give plenty of positive
and respectful response.
Ping pong and bowling conversation styles are when conversation styles
are contrast. American ping pong style is formal conversation among the
Japanese, which has been compared to bowling. Each participant in a Japanese
conversation waits politely for turn and knows exactly when the time is right to
speak.
CHAPTER IV
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION :
SPEAKING WITHOUT WORDS
Cultural differences in nonverbal communication can expresses meaning
or feeling without words, universal emotions such as happiness, fear and sadness.
A. Gesture and Body Positioning
Gesture are specific body movements that carry meaning. Many
American business executive enjoy relaxing with their feet up on their desk.
B. Facial Expressiveness
Facial expressiveness carry meaning that is determined by situation and
relationships. In American culture, smile is frequently used to cover emotional
pain or embarrassment.
C. Eye Contact
Eye contact is important because insufficient or excessive eye contact
can create communication barriers. It serves to show intimacy, attention and
influence.
D. Conversational Distance
This distance has had several names over the years, including personal
space, interpersonal distance, comport zone, and body bubble. For Americans,
the usual distance is social conversation ranges from about an arm’s length to
four feet. Less space in American culture may be associated with either greater
intimacy or aggressive behavior.
CHAPTER V
RELATIONSHIP: FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES
A. Definition
- Friendliness: behavior, characterized by smiling, chattiness, warmth that
demonstrated interest in another person (adjective: friendly).
- Friendship: a relationship in which people know and like to each other.
B. Friendliness versus Friendship
Many people around the world characterize Americans are friendly
especially in comparison to certain other cultural groups tend to smile and talk
easily with others even if they are strangers. They strike up conversations with
each other. From their point of view, how can a person trust a stranger enough
to chat freely and reveal personal information? After all, in most of the world,
strangers are not to be trusted.
C. Cross Cultural Friendship
One of the most problems is that foreigners misinterpret American
friendliness as an offer of friendship. When the American is unaware of these
expectations or is unwilling to be a true friend, the new comer in U.S can
become disappointed.
CHAPTER VI
FAMILY: TYPES AND TRADITIONS
A. Child Rising
Acculturation, is begins at birth. The process of teaching new
generation of children is custom and values of the parent culture. In the United
States, it is common for parents to put a newborn child in separate bedroom
when the child is a view weekend old. By having their own rooms, the children
will also be able to have privacy when they are older.
B. Young Childhood
American children have typically been encouraged, but usually not forced, to
leave nest and begins independent lives. Then over 50% of young adult aged
18-24 currently live in their parent’s home. Parents do not arrange marriages
for their children, nor do children usually ask their parent’s permission to get
married.
C. The Elderly
Societal and familial treatment of the elderly also reflects the values of
independence and individualism. Senior citizen centers provide a means for
peer-group association within their age group. Indifference to the aged 65-74
and 35% of women in the same age group live alone.
D. The Nuclear and the Extended Family
The nuclear family consists of the father, mother and children: this is the
family. The extended family, which consists of grandparents, aunts, uncles,
cousins, nephews, nieces and in-laws is important in United States.
E. Working Wives and Husbands
For many women, their work represents the need to contribute to the family
income and not a means of attaining personal fulfillment.
F. Single- Parent Families
Many single mother and fathers often feel stretched to their limits with
unending responsibilities that face them. Despite the number of single parents
in the United States, there is no indication that marriage is becoming less
popular; the remarriage rate remains high, with approximately 4 out or 5
divorce couples eventually remarrying other people.
G. Varieties of Families in United States
Two women or two men with or without children can also constitute a family.
Couples who have decided not to have children or unmarried couples who have
chosen to live together may likewise see themselves as a family.
CHAPTER VII
EDUCATION: VALUES AND EXPECTATIONS
International students and immigrants attending schools in the United States
can experience multiple culture shocks. Students from abroad, accustomed to their
countries educational expectations, must adapt to new classroom, norms in a
foreign educational institution, in some other countries, students must humbly
obey their teachers directions and remain absolutely silent during a class. Yet in
other cultures, students are allowed to criticize or even contradict their teachers.
Cultural differences as well as the experience of being a newcomer account for
some of the adjustment problems that non-native-born student’s experience.
CHAPTER VIII
WORK: PRACTICES AND ATTITUDES
“Knock rather than opportunity’s door if you wish to enter”, job hunting
in the United States is a challenging experience for Americans. There are steps
finding a job:
1. Preparation: identifying skill
2. Networking: inform
3. Resume Development: summary of professional skills or data
4. The Interview: communication between employee and job applicant
In employer-employee relationship, subordinates often call their superiors
by their first names. They do not like to be called Sir or Ma’am.

More Related Content

What's hot

Cultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate Unit
Cultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate UnitCultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate Unit
Cultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate UnitAtlantic Training, LLC.
 
Culture Conflict Communication
Culture Conflict CommunicationCulture Conflict Communication
Culture Conflict Communicationdiazr
 
Cultural sensitivity
Cultural sensitivityCultural sensitivity
Cultural sensitivityZuni Ḉh
 
Cross Cultural Understanding In International Business
Cross Cultural Understanding In International BusinessCross Cultural Understanding In International Business
Cross Cultural Understanding In International BusinessBill Decker
 
Cultural Sensitivity
Cultural SensitivityCultural Sensitivity
Cultural Sensitivityuyvillage
 
Cross-Cultural Communication
Cross-Cultural CommunicationCross-Cultural Communication
Cross-Cultural CommunicationSherin Thomas
 
Diet, exercise, diversify
Diet, exercise, diversify Diet, exercise, diversify
Diet, exercise, diversify J. C. Crane
 
Vijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communication
Vijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communicationVijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communication
Vijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communicationG.E.C BHAVNAGAR
 
Cultural differences speech
Cultural differences speechCultural differences speech
Cultural differences speechSarah Doyle
 
Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...
Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...
Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...Leon Clarke Jr
 
American beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy b
American beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy bAmerican beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy b
American beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy bPhat Lu Anh
 
Cultural conflicts in organisations
Cultural conflicts in organisationsCultural conflicts in organisations
Cultural conflicts in organisationsGurpreet Kaur
 
Myth and American values
Myth and American valuesMyth and American values
Myth and American valuesWalter Ratliff
 
Cross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern Sample
Cross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern SampleCross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern Sample
Cross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern SampleAndrew Schwartz
 
Verbal communication Cross Cultural Communication
Verbal communication Cross Cultural  CommunicationVerbal communication Cross Cultural  Communication
Verbal communication Cross Cultural CommunicationSofiyana Danistha
 

What's hot (19)

Cultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate Unit
Cultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate UnitCultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate Unit
Cultural Sensitivity by Allegheny Intermediate Unit
 
Culture Conflict Communication
Culture Conflict CommunicationCulture Conflict Communication
Culture Conflict Communication
 
Cultural sensitivity
Cultural sensitivityCultural sensitivity
Cultural sensitivity
 
Cross cultural communication
Cross cultural communicationCross cultural communication
Cross cultural communication
 
Cross Cultural Understanding In International Business
Cross Cultural Understanding In International BusinessCross Cultural Understanding In International Business
Cross Cultural Understanding In International Business
 
Cultural Sensitivity
Cultural SensitivityCultural Sensitivity
Cultural Sensitivity
 
Cross-Cultural Communication
Cross-Cultural CommunicationCross-Cultural Communication
Cross-Cultural Communication
 
Cultural Safety by CRH
Cultural Safety by CRHCultural Safety by CRH
Cultural Safety by CRH
 
Diet, exercise, diversify
Diet, exercise, diversify Diet, exercise, diversify
Diet, exercise, diversify
 
Vijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communication
Vijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communicationVijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communication
Vijay makwana 130210125067 cross cultural-communication
 
Cultural differences speech
Cultural differences speechCultural differences speech
Cultural differences speech
 
Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...
Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...
Cultural Differences In International Business Group 5 Final Presentation(Bus...
 
Cultural Awareness by CMC
Cultural Awareness by CMCCultural Awareness by CMC
Cultural Awareness by CMC
 
American beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy b
American beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy bAmerican beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy b
American beliefs and values chapter 3 thuy b
 
Cultural conflicts in organisations
Cultural conflicts in organisationsCultural conflicts in organisations
Cultural conflicts in organisations
 
Myth and American values
Myth and American valuesMyth and American values
Myth and American values
 
Cross cultural business communication
Cross cultural business communicationCross cultural business communication
Cross cultural business communication
 
Cross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern Sample
Cross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern SampleCross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern Sample
Cross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern Sample
 
Verbal communication Cross Cultural Communication
Verbal communication Cross Cultural  CommunicationVerbal communication Cross Cultural  Communication
Verbal communication Cross Cultural Communication
 

Similar to Cross Culture Understanding

American Food
American FoodAmerican Food
American FoodIrina K
 
Values Americans live by
Values Americans live byValues Americans live by
Values Americans live byTacus Virginia
 
American values and assumptions1
American values and assumptions1American values and assumptions1
American values and assumptions1Dammar Singh Saud
 
Attitudes About The American Dream
Attitudes About The American DreamAttitudes About The American Dream
Attitudes About The American DreamAmber Edmondson
 
Culture, Identity, Learning, and EqualityLearning Objec.docx
Culture, Identity, Learning,  and EqualityLearning Objec.docxCulture, Identity, Learning,  and EqualityLearning Objec.docx
Culture, Identity, Learning, and EqualityLearning Objec.docxfaithxdunce63732
 
Workshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study And
Workshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study AndWorkshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study And
Workshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study Andzulemar
 
Hispanic Culture And United States Culture
Hispanic Culture And United States CultureHispanic Culture And United States Culture
Hispanic Culture And United States CultureMegan Moore
 
culture clash 101
 culture clash 101 culture clash 101
culture clash 101Monica Curca
 
Cultural Comparison Paper
Cultural Comparison PaperCultural Comparison Paper
Cultural Comparison PaperPaper Help UK
 
Argumentative Essay On Invasive Species
Argumentative Essay On Invasive SpeciesArgumentative Essay On Invasive Species
Argumentative Essay On Invasive SpeciesWriter Paper Singapore
 
Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)
Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)
Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)Risa Octaviani
 

Similar to Cross Culture Understanding (20)

American Food
American FoodAmerican Food
American Food
 
Values Americans live by
Values Americans live byValues Americans live by
Values Americans live by
 
An Essay On My American Culture
An Essay On My American CultureAn Essay On My American Culture
An Essay On My American Culture
 
American Cultural Values Essay
American Cultural Values EssayAmerican Cultural Values Essay
American Cultural Values Essay
 
Culture
Culture Culture
Culture
 
American values and assumptions1
American values and assumptions1American values and assumptions1
American values and assumptions1
 
Importance Of Cultural Awareness In Germany
Importance Of Cultural Awareness In GermanyImportance Of Cultural Awareness In Germany
Importance Of Cultural Awareness In Germany
 
Essay On Asian American Culture
Essay On Asian American CultureEssay On Asian American Culture
Essay On Asian American Culture
 
Attitudes About The American Dream
Attitudes About The American DreamAttitudes About The American Dream
Attitudes About The American Dream
 
Culture, Identity, Learning, and EqualityLearning Objec.docx
Culture, Identity, Learning,  and EqualityLearning Objec.docxCulture, Identity, Learning,  and EqualityLearning Objec.docx
Culture, Identity, Learning, and EqualityLearning Objec.docx
 
Workshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study And
Workshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study AndWorkshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study And
Workshop Cross Cultural Communication Skills For Life, Study And
 
Hispanic Culture And United States Culture
Hispanic Culture And United States CultureHispanic Culture And United States Culture
Hispanic Culture And United States Culture
 
culture clash 101
 culture clash 101 culture clash 101
culture clash 101
 
Cultural Comparison Paper
Cultural Comparison PaperCultural Comparison Paper
Cultural Comparison Paper
 
The Culture Of Food In America Essay
The Culture Of Food In America EssayThe Culture Of Food In America Essay
The Culture Of Food In America Essay
 
Handling Cultural Differences
Handling Cultural DifferencesHandling Cultural Differences
Handling Cultural Differences
 
Argumentative Essay On Invasive Species
Argumentative Essay On Invasive SpeciesArgumentative Essay On Invasive Species
Argumentative Essay On Invasive Species
 
Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)
Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)
Cross cultural understanding (contact with america)
 
Essay On American Culture
Essay On American CultureEssay On American Culture
Essay On American Culture
 
The Melting Pot Analysis
The Melting Pot AnalysisThe Melting Pot Analysis
The Melting Pot Analysis
 

Recently uploaded

CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 

Cross Culture Understanding

  • 1. RESUME OF CROSS CULTURE UNDERSTANDING Proposed to fulfill the individual assignments of Cross Culture Understanding course Lecturer Dr. Anjali, MM. Composed By: OVI SOVINA EKAWATI NIM. 102300914 ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND MANNERS THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES “SULTAN MAULANA HASANUDDIN BANTEN” 1434 A.H/ 2013 A.D
  • 2. CHAPTER I CROSS CULTURAL CONTACT WITH AMERICANS A. The Term “American” There are so many types of Americans and yet a mainstream culture does exist. Even the word American is confusing. After all, American is consisting and includes North America, Central America and South America. B. Americans Culture Some people might argue that it is impossible to generalize about American. American doesn’t come from a common ancestor. Expect for native Americans (Indian), American come from different immigrant and refugee groups. Americans do have a common heritage, but it is based on cultural diversity or multiculturalism. There are many terms in American culture: - Mainstream Culture: the behavior of the groups based on its values and beliefs. - Melting pot: a society in which ethnic group blend and become a group. American views of their own diversity have changed over the years in early 1900’s some peoples describe American melting pot from that description is not very accurate however because ethnic group have always been different from one another. - Mosaic: a society in which ethnic groups retain their separate identities but together from the larger community. By the 1970’s, better analogy was introduced American multicultural society that described a generalization: a statement describing general behavior that does not apply all the times a mosaic in which all the races and ethnic group could be proudly displayed. - Stereotype: an exaggerate belief about a group often base on lack information or contact with members of that group. C. American Values Value such the ones just described, are the backbone of American culture. They influence how many American think and act. Before proceeding to the list itself, we should also point out that Americans see all of these values as very positive ones. American values are: 1. Personal control over the environment X fate Americans no longer believe in the power of Fate, and they have come to look at people who do as being backward, primitive, or hopelessly
  • 3. naïve. To be call "fatalistic" is one of the worst criticisms one can receive in the American context; to an American, it means one is superstitious and lazy, unwilling to take any initiative in bringing about improvement. In the United States, people consider it normal and right that Man should control Nature, rather than the other way around. More specifically, people believe every single individual should have control over whatever in the environment might potentially affect him or her. 2. Change X Tradition In the American mind, change is seen as an indisputably good condition. Change is strongly linked to development, improvement, progress, and growth. Many older, more traditional cultures consider change as a disruptive, destructive force, to be avoided if at all possible. Instead of change, such societies value stability, continuity, tradition, and a rich and ancient heritage—none of which are valued very much in the United States. 3. Control over time X Time walks For the average American, time is the most importance. To the foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things accomplished on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep interpersonal relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail. 4. Equality and Egalitarianism X Hierarchy, Rank, Status. Equality is, for Americans, one of their most cherished values. This concept is so important for Americans that they have even given it a religious basis. They say all people have been "created equal." Most Americans believe that God views all humans alike without regard to intelligence, physical condition or economic status. In secular terms this belief is translated into the assertion that all people have an equal opportunity to succeed in life. Americans differ in opinion about how to make this ideal into a reality. Yet virtually all agree that equality is an important civic and social goal. 5. Individualism and Privacy X Group Orientation Here, each individual is seen as completely and marvelously unique, that is, totally different from all other individuals and, therefore, particularly precious and wonderful. Americans may, and do, join groups—in fact many groups—but somehow believe they’re just a little different, just a little unique, just a little special, from other members of the same group. And they tend to leave groups as easily as they enter them.
  • 4. 6. Self Help X Birthright Inheritance Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a rich family. (In the United States, that would be considered "an accident of birth.") Americans pride themselves in having been born poor and, through their own sacrifice and hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of success to whatever level they have achieved—all by themselves. The American social system has, of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up the social ladder. 7. Future Orientation X Past Orientation Valuing the future and the improvements Americans are sure the future will bring means that they devalue that past and are, to a large extent, unconscious of the present. Even a happy present goes largely unnoticed because, happy as it may be, Americans have traditionally been hopeful that the future would bring even greater happiness. Almost all energy is directed toward realizing that better future. 8. Action and Work Orientation X Being Orientation "Don’t just stand there," goes a typical bit of American advice, "do something!" This expression is normally used in a crisis situation, yet, in a sense, it describes most American’s entire waking life, where action—any action—is seen to be superior to inaction. 9. Informality X Formality In Indonesian view, Americans seem to be extremely informal, and will probably feel that they are even disrespectful of those in authority. As one example of this informality, American bosses often urge their employees to call them by their first names and even feel uncomfortable if they are called by the title "Mr." or "Mrs." 10. Directness, Openness, Honesty X Indirectness Americans, however, have always preferred the first approach. They are likely to be completely honest in delivering their negative evaluations. Americans are not trying to make you lose face with their directness. It is important to realize that an American would not, in such case, lose face. There is no way to soften the blow of such directness and openness if you are not used to it except to tell you that the rules have changed while you are here. Indeed, Americans are trying to urge their fellow countrymen to become even more open and direct. 11. Materialism X Spiritualism Americans are materialistic. This means that they value and collect more material objects than most people would ever dream of owning. It also means they give higher priority to obtaining, maintaining and
  • 5. protecting their material objects than they do in developing and enjoying interpersonal relationships. CHAPTER II CROSS CULTURAL CONFLICT AND ADJUSTMENT A fish out of water is the expression has been used to describe someone who living in a new culture. In thinking about how someone will adjust to a new culture, the following questions should be considered: - Motivation – Relationships with other - Length of stay – Financial situations - Language and culture – Job - Language and cultural knowledge – Age - Personality – Degree A ride on roller coaster is the expression that people can be experience both loving and hating the new country. There are distinct stages in the adjustment process: 1. Honeymoon Period Many people are fascinated and excited by everything in the new culture. 2. Culture Shock The individuals are immersed in new problem. 3. Initial Adjustment Everyday activities such as housing and shopping are no longer major problems. 4. Mental Isolation Individual have been away from their family and good friends. 5. Acceptances and integration A routine activity has established. They feel comfortable with new country. There are typical symptoms of problem adjusting to the new culture: 1. Homesickness 2. Inability to work well 3. Too much eating, drinking or sleeping 4. Anger toward the members of the new culture 5. Glorifying the native culture and emphasizing the negative in the new culture
  • 6. 6. Withdrawal and avoidance of contact with people from the new culture 7. Lack of ability to deal with even small problems. CHAPTER III VERBAL COMMUNICATION: THE WAY PEOPLE SPEAK Conversational Involvement: A. High Involvement 1. Talk more 2. Interrupt more 3. Expect to be interrupted 4. Talk more loudly 5. Talk more quickly B. High Considerateness 1. Speak one at a time 2. Use polite listening sound 3. Refrain from interrupting 4. Give plenty of positive and respectful response. Ping pong and bowling conversation styles are when conversation styles are contrast. American ping pong style is formal conversation among the Japanese, which has been compared to bowling. Each participant in a Japanese conversation waits politely for turn and knows exactly when the time is right to speak. CHAPTER IV NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION : SPEAKING WITHOUT WORDS Cultural differences in nonverbal communication can expresses meaning or feeling without words, universal emotions such as happiness, fear and sadness. A. Gesture and Body Positioning Gesture are specific body movements that carry meaning. Many American business executive enjoy relaxing with their feet up on their desk. B. Facial Expressiveness
  • 7. Facial expressiveness carry meaning that is determined by situation and relationships. In American culture, smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment. C. Eye Contact Eye contact is important because insufficient or excessive eye contact can create communication barriers. It serves to show intimacy, attention and influence. D. Conversational Distance This distance has had several names over the years, including personal space, interpersonal distance, comport zone, and body bubble. For Americans, the usual distance is social conversation ranges from about an arm’s length to four feet. Less space in American culture may be associated with either greater intimacy or aggressive behavior. CHAPTER V RELATIONSHIP: FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES A. Definition - Friendliness: behavior, characterized by smiling, chattiness, warmth that demonstrated interest in another person (adjective: friendly). - Friendship: a relationship in which people know and like to each other. B. Friendliness versus Friendship Many people around the world characterize Americans are friendly especially in comparison to certain other cultural groups tend to smile and talk easily with others even if they are strangers. They strike up conversations with each other. From their point of view, how can a person trust a stranger enough to chat freely and reveal personal information? After all, in most of the world, strangers are not to be trusted. C. Cross Cultural Friendship One of the most problems is that foreigners misinterpret American friendliness as an offer of friendship. When the American is unaware of these expectations or is unwilling to be a true friend, the new comer in U.S can become disappointed.
  • 8. CHAPTER VI FAMILY: TYPES AND TRADITIONS A. Child Rising Acculturation, is begins at birth. The process of teaching new generation of children is custom and values of the parent culture. In the United States, it is common for parents to put a newborn child in separate bedroom when the child is a view weekend old. By having their own rooms, the children will also be able to have privacy when they are older. B. Young Childhood American children have typically been encouraged, but usually not forced, to leave nest and begins independent lives. Then over 50% of young adult aged 18-24 currently live in their parent’s home. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask their parent’s permission to get married. C. The Elderly Societal and familial treatment of the elderly also reflects the values of independence and individualism. Senior citizen centers provide a means for peer-group association within their age group. Indifference to the aged 65-74 and 35% of women in the same age group live alone. D. The Nuclear and the Extended Family The nuclear family consists of the father, mother and children: this is the family. The extended family, which consists of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces and in-laws is important in United States. E. Working Wives and Husbands For many women, their work represents the need to contribute to the family income and not a means of attaining personal fulfillment. F. Single- Parent Families Many single mother and fathers often feel stretched to their limits with unending responsibilities that face them. Despite the number of single parents in the United States, there is no indication that marriage is becoming less
  • 9. popular; the remarriage rate remains high, with approximately 4 out or 5 divorce couples eventually remarrying other people. G. Varieties of Families in United States Two women or two men with or without children can also constitute a family. Couples who have decided not to have children or unmarried couples who have chosen to live together may likewise see themselves as a family. CHAPTER VII EDUCATION: VALUES AND EXPECTATIONS International students and immigrants attending schools in the United States can experience multiple culture shocks. Students from abroad, accustomed to their countries educational expectations, must adapt to new classroom, norms in a foreign educational institution, in some other countries, students must humbly obey their teachers directions and remain absolutely silent during a class. Yet in other cultures, students are allowed to criticize or even contradict their teachers. Cultural differences as well as the experience of being a newcomer account for some of the adjustment problems that non-native-born student’s experience. CHAPTER VIII WORK: PRACTICES AND ATTITUDES “Knock rather than opportunity’s door if you wish to enter”, job hunting in the United States is a challenging experience for Americans. There are steps finding a job: 1. Preparation: identifying skill 2. Networking: inform 3. Resume Development: summary of professional skills or data 4. The Interview: communication between employee and job applicant In employer-employee relationship, subordinates often call their superiors by their first names. They do not like to be called Sir or Ma’am.