Garments washing

Welcome To My
Presentation
Md. Pahan Mazumder
ID:121-23-2884
Email:
mazumderpahan@gmail.com

Presentation Topics Is
“GARMENTS WASHING”

GARMENTS WASHING
Definition:
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, out look
comfort ability & fashion of the garments is called garment
washing.
Purpose of washing:
Purpose of Washing/Best wash look is the best touch of a
garment - This may be explained in the following way:
• Washing process of garment is done to create wash look
appearance. After washing the garments create a new looks
which seems the new touch of fashion.

• By the washing technique, fadded/old look, colour or tinted affect
is created in the garment which also seems the best touch of
garments.

CONTINUED….• Washing technique create new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy,
Blasting, whiskering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand
crapping, p.p spoonzing etc. Which is also seems the best touch of garments.
• The main and important function of washing is to reduce size materials as a
result the garment become size free and become soft hand feel.
• When these soft garments are touched then it seems to best touch of
garments.
• To attraction the customers/Buyer by different types of Fashionable washing
and market developments.
• Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of
further shrinkage of wash garments.
• Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also
removed due to washing.

REQUIREMENTS OF GARMENTS WASHING
• It should be removed size materials from the garments . Hence feels soft
during use.
• It should be removed any dust, dirt, spot, impurities or germ which is present
or added in garments during manufacturing.
• It should be shrinkage occurred i.e. no possibility of further shrinkage of
wash garments due to washing.

• It should be attracted the customers or buyer by using different types of
fashionable washing and market developments.
• It should be produced similar or different outlook in the garments by
different washing techniques.
• It should be created wash look appearance in the garments. After washing
the garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.

CONTINUED….
• It should be created color or tinted affect in the garments
which also seems the best touch of the garments.

• It should be created faded affect in the garments.

• It should be possible to wearing directly the garments after
purchasing from the shop.
• Should be used new/ modern/ latest machines.
• It should also be produced fading affect in the specific area
of the garment as per specific design.
• It should be comparatively more profitable than others.

EFFECTS OF GARMENTS WASHING
• Change the appearance of the garments.
• Change in size.

• Change in color.
• Change out look of the garments.
• Change in comfort.
• Change in design.
• Change in fashion, etc.

TYPES OF CHEMICAL USE IN
WASHING PLANT

FUNCTION OF CHEMICALS IN
WASHING
• ENZYME :
The action of enzyme during enzyme wash it hydrolysis the
cellulose. At first it attacks the having projecting fibers and
hydrolyzed them. Then it attacks the yarn portion inside fabric
and partly hydrolyzed the yarn portion. As a result color comes
out from the yarn portion and fadded affect is produced.
• DETERGENT :
Chemical character is fatty alcohol poly glycol either in an
aqueous, glycolic solution. Detergent is widely applicable in the
continuous and discontinuous pretreatment of all types of fiber
and their blends. To remove impurities, mineral oil
contamination and sizes from the garments.
• ACETIC ACID (CH3COOH) :
Acetic Acid is used to neutralize the garments from
alkaline condition and to control the pH value in wash bath.

CONTINUED……..• ANTISTAIN :
Anti stain is used to prevent the staining on weft yarn of the denim (white
yarn), white pockets of garments, levels, and contacted fabrics of garment
and increased the brightness of fabrics; it is also acts as anti creasing agent.
• BLEACHING POWDER :
Bleaching powder is an oxidizing agent. It is used in washing plant for
color out from the denim garments. We can achieve different shade of
color on garment i.e. Dark, Medium, Light shade.
• SODIUM HYPOSULPHITE :
Sodium hypo sulphite is used to neutralize the garments from chlorine
bleach.
• CAUSTIC SODA :
Caustic created the role in bleach technique with out color change the
garment and has a good cleaning power. It is work as fadding affect/old
looking affect come rapidly on garments.

CONTINUED……..
• SODIUM BICARBONATE
Sodium bicarbonate is used in washing plant in the bleach bath with bleaching powder for
Denim Light shade because easily color out with in short time. As a result production
increases and costing is low.
• POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE :
Potassium permanganate is used in Acid wash with Punic stone for color out from
the garments. It is used also spray chamber by nozzle for color out (whitish affect) from
the garments.
• FLAX SOFTENER (Cationic, non ionic) :
Softener is used to make the garments treated textiles a surface feel that is both silky and
soft and also provides excellent lubricating properties.
• MICRO EMULSION SILICON :
Amino Silicon is a textile finishing agent consisting mainly of amino modified silicon. When
applied on fabrics, it gives durable softness, lubricity, elastic handle, anti pilling,
dimensional stability, tear resistance and fabric to be cut and sewn more easily
allows and improving wear and easy care properties.

CONTINUED…….
• SODIUM CHLORIDE (SALT) :
It helps to exhaust dye in to the fiber.

• BUFFER :
Buffer is used in washing plant for pH control of enzyme bath, softener bath, de sizing
bath.
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE :
Hydrogen peroxide creates the prime role in bleach wash technique. In alkaline medium,
hydrogen peroxide breaks up and gives some perhydroxhyl ion, which discolor the
coloring materials and as a result fadding affect is developed. Hydrogen peroxide is used in
scouring, bleaching bath for white/ready for dyeing of gray fabric garments. It is used
also to neutralize the garment from alkaline condition.
• STABILIZER :
Hydrogen peroxide works in a good condition at temperature above 90°c, when temperature
raise to 90°c then break the Hydrogen peroxide. Stabilizer is used to protect break the
hydrogen peroxide and peroxide works in bath smoothly.

CONTINUED…….
• FIXING AGENT :
Fixing agent is used for unfixed dye to fix on fabrics, when fabric color will be proper
fixing then color fastness & rubbing fastness will be increased.
• CATANIZER :
Catanizer is used in pigment exhaust method processing. Pigment is color not
dyestuff. Pigment colors have no affinity to fabric when catanizer is used in fabric
then increase the affinity between pigment color & fabrics.
• OPTICAL BRIGHTNESS :
Two types of optical brightener are used in the washing plant – a) Red brightener. b) Blue
brightener. Mainly optical brightener is used for improve the brightness of garments.
• RESIN :
Resin is high efficiency textile resin based on etherified dimethylol glyoxalin monoureine
urea. Resin is used for the creation of semi-permanent creases in denim and other
cellulose fabrics. It is used also cotton and polyester fabric. Fabric retains soft handle
after washing.

• SODIUM METABISULPHITE :
Sodium meta bi sulphite is used in the washing plant to neutralized the garment from
potassium permanganate.
• DESIZING AGENT :
Desizing agent is used to remove mainly starches, waxes, fats pectin’s, minerals &

TYPES OF MACHINE USED IN
WASHING PLANT

FABRIC INSPECTION
4-point system
The 4-point system, also called the American Apparel
Manufacturers Association (AAMA) point-grading system for
determining fabric quality, is widely used by producers of apparel
fabrics and by the department of defense in United States and is
endorsed by the AAMA as well as ASQC (American Society for
Quality Control).
The system in which the penalty point of a defect is maximum 4
is called 4-point system of quality control.

FABRIC INSPECTION
 Basic Principle: Defect point values should be counted in 100
yd fabric. If defect point values are 40 or less then it indicates
first quality fabric. The grading range is given below:
Point Grade
≤ 40 A
Above 40-60 B
Above 60-80 C
Above 80 Rejected

FABRIC INSPECTION
 Procedure:
 Should select 10% fabric randomly from the fabric received quantity.
 The defects are located, marked and recorded on a frame.
 Fabric defect point values are taken based on the following:
Length of Defect Point Allocated
Up to 3 inch 1
Over 3 inch-Up to 6 inch 2
Over 6 inch-Up to 9 inch 3
Over 9 inch 4
≤1 inch (Holes) 2
Over 1 inch 4

FABRIC INSPECTION
 Calculation:
Point/ 100 yd2 = {(Total point scored in a roll x 3600)/ (Total yds inspected x Fabric width in inch)}
Exercise-1. A fabric roll of 120 yd long and 48 inch wide contains the following
defects:
 2 defects up to 3 inch
 5 defects over 3 inch but up to 6 inch
 1 defect over 6 inch but up to 9 inch
 1 defect over 9 inch
Find out the grade of fabric based on 4-point system.

NORMAL WASH / GARMENTS
WASH
Normal wash is required for the following reasons:-
 To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from
the garments.
 To remove size materials from the garments.
 To remove starch presents on the garment
fabrics.
 For soft feeling to wear the garments after
purchasing.
 To achieve buyer washing standard.

WASHING PROCESS OF NORMAL /
GARMENT WASH
 The Normal/Garment washing process of batch of 70
kg Twill/Canvas Garments are described below:-
First Step :-
 Lot size: -..............70 kg Twill/Canvas Garment.
 Add water @ L: R = 1: 8-10......560 -- 700 Litre.
 Machine Running.
 Add detergent @ 0.5 gm / Litre ....280-350 gm.
 Temperature.....Sometime cold & sometime 40°c to
60°c.
 Time ..................5 to 10 minutes.
 Drop the liquor.
 Cold wash.

CONTINUED……
Second Step :-
 Add water @ L : R = 1: 6 ......... 420 litre.
 Washing machine running
 Add Flax softner @ 0.6 gm / litre........ 252 gm.
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.5 gm / litre.........210 gm.
 Time............................5 to 10 mts.
 Unload the Garments on trolley.

CONTINUED….Third Step: Hydro extraction (700-900rpm):
Hydro-extractor is used to remove excess water from the
Garments.
Fourth Step: Steam Dryer / Gas Dryer.
 Load on steam dryer - 50 kg
 Temperature - 60°c - 70°c
 Time - 40 - 50 mts for dry.
 Time - 10 - 15 mts for cold dry.
or
 Load on gas dryer - 50 kg,
 Running the machine
 Temperature: - 70°c - 85°c.
 Time: - 30 - 35 mts for dry.
 Time: - 10 - 15 mts for cold dry.

CONTINUED…..
Fifth Step:
After drying, quality is checked and good
quality Garments will be delivered to
Garments factory.
 NOTE: - Flax softner (cationic or nonionic)
diluted with hot water then use in the
machine.

PIGMENT WASH
Pigment wash is generally done on pigment
dyed or printed Garments. The garments are
subjects to pigment wash. Pigment wash is
required for the following reasons:
 Fading effect/old looking effect on garments
and also seam areas
 For soft feeling to wear the garment after
purchasing
 For achieving the buyer’s washing standard
 For increasing the color fastness & rubbing
fastness performance

PROCESS OF PIGMENT WASHING
The pigment washing process of a batch size 80 kg Twill/canvas
Garments is described below:-
First Step:
 Lot size: - .......... 80 kg Twill/Canvas Garment.
 Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 640 Litre
 Add Caustic soda (NAOH)..... @ 0.8 gm / liter ............ 512 gm.
 Add Soda Ash (Na2Co3) ........@ 1.50 gm / litre........... 960 gm.
 Add Detergent ........................ @ 0.8 gm / litre ............ 512 gm.
 Temperature........... 50°c to 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) ....... 20 to 60 mts.
 Wash 1 time by hot wash for 5 mts at the temperature 50°c.
 Wash 1 time by cold water for 5 mts
During this time of action of detergent and frictional effect on the
garments removes a portion of pigment from the garments surface. As a
result fading effect is produced on the garments.

CONTINUED……
Second Step:
 Add water @ L : R = 1: 6 ......... 480 litre.
 Washing machine running
 Add Acetic Acid (for pH 4.5 - 5.5) @ 0.5 gm / litre ............. 240 gm.
 Add Flax softner ... . @ 0.6 gm / liter........... 288
gm.
 For more slippery hand feel use silicon - @ 0.4 gm / litre.....192gm.
 Time................................... 15 to 25 mts.
 Unload the Garments on trolley.
Third Step: Hydro- extraction
Hydro-extraction is used to remove excess water from the
Garments. Time required is about 2 - 4 minutes.

CONTINUED…….
Fourth Step: Steam Dryer / Gas Dryer
 or
 Temperature: - 70°c - 85°c for dry.
Fifth Step:
After drying, garments send to quality section and check the garments
and good quality garments will be delivered and Deep shade again
rewashed, other quality Garments are rectified then delivered.

CAUSTIC WASH
Caustic wash is generally done on Reactive dyed,
Sulphur dyed, Direct dyed or printed Garments.
Caustic wash is required for the following reasons:
 To fade/old looking affect on Garment and seam
abrasion affection seam area.
 To remove the size materials, starch from the
garments.
 To increase the color fastness & rubbing fastness
rating
 For soft feeling to wear the garments.
 To increase the hairiness on garments.
 To achieve the buyer reference sample.

WASHING PROCESS OF CAUSTIC WASH
The caustic washing process of a batch size 80 kg twill/canvas
garments is described below:
First Step:
 Lot size: - ...................... 80 kg.
 Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8.............. 640 Litre
 Add Caustic soda (NAOH)..... @ 1.60 gm / litre........ 1024 gm.
 Add Detergent ........................ @ 0.8 gm / litre ............ 512 gm.
 Temperature........... 50°c to 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) ....... 20 to 60 mts.
 Wash cold water for 3 mts.

CONTINUED……..
Second Step: Neutral Wash
 Add water @ L : R = 1: 5 ...................... 400 litre.
 Add Acetic Acid @ 1 gm / litre ............. 400 gm.
 Time .......................................................... 5 mts.
 Here acetic acid is used to neutralize the garments from alkaline
medium.
Third Step:
 Add water @ L : R = 1 : 6 .............. 480 Litre
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.5 gm / litre ............ 240 gm.
 Add Flax softner @ 0.6 gm / litre........... 288 gm.
 If more soft use silicon @ 0.4 gm / litre ... 192 gm.
 Time................................ 10 to 20 mts.
 Unload the garments on trolley.

CONTINUED……Fourth Step: Hydro-extractor machine
Hydrocxtraction is done to remove excess water from the Garment. Time
required about 2 - 4 minutes.
Fifth Step : Steam Dryer / Gas Dryer
or
 Temperature: - 70°c - 85°c for dry.
Sixth Step :
After drying garments go to quality section and check the garments,
good quality garment will be delivered and Deep shade again rewash,
other quality Garments are rectified then delivered.

ENZYMES
 Enzymes are bio-chemical substances that
behave as catalysts toward specific reactions.
What makes very interesting the enzymes under
a chemical point of view is their high specificity
or in other words, their ability to attack
selectively a given substrate.
 Among the two traditional enzymes used in the
treatments of denim garments (amylase to
hydrolyze starches and cellulase to degrade
cotton's cellulose) there is another enzyme that
can be employed to attack selectively the
molecule that constitutes the blue indigo color
resulting ineffective on other kind of dyes.

CONTINUED……..
 The action of enzyme during enzyme
wash is to hydrolyse the cellulose, at first
it attacks the having projecting fiber and
hydrolyzed them. Then it attacks the yarn
portion inside fabric and partly
hydrolyzed the yarn portion and faded
effect is produced.
 Mainly two types of enzyme are used in
Bangladesh. One is Acid Enzyme (liquid)
and another is Neutral Enzyme. Neutral
Enzyme is two types a) Powder form b)
Liquid form ie, SL Enzyme.

CONTINUED…..
FEATURES OF ACID ENZYME:
 Acid enzyme colour is slightly brown
 pH range is 4.5 to 5.5
 working Temperature is 40°c to 55°c
 Time required is 25 min to 50 min
 Enzyme effect comes within short time
 Staining/Bleeding occurs more in garments
 Production is high

CONTINUED……
FEATURES OF NEUTRAL ENZYME:
 POWDER ENZYME
Enzyme is slightly white powder form
pH range is 6 to 7
Working Temperature is 40°c to 60°c
Time required is 40 to 70 min
Enzyme effects come slowly.
Less staining/bleeding on garments
With pumic stone, it produces good
effect/abrasion on garments
In dark shade, effect of enzyme is good

CONTINUED…..
SL ENZYME:
 SL enzyme is liquid form
 pH range is 6 to 7.
 Working Temperature range is 40°c to 60°c
 Time required is 45 to 80 min
 Enzyme effect comes slowly
 Less staining/bleeding on garments
 With pumic stone, it produces good effect
 In dark shade, effect of enzyme is good

ENZYMES IN THE TEXTILES INDUSTRY
Enzymes:
 Textile Enzymes called "Aurum"
 Enzymes (Greek for "in the cell" formerly also called ferments)
are biologically the most important group of proteins.
 Enzymes are found in all living organisms - in microbes, plants
and animals and of course also in human bodies; however,
enzyme molecules are not living things themselves.
 They are biocatalysts which enable metabolic processes in the
cells.
 Enzymes decrease the so-called activation energy for chemical
reactions - the minimum energy required to enable a reaction to
take place at all.
 They may speed up reactions by a factor of several millions.
 Generally, enzyme designates a compound being transformed in
the reaction that is catalyzed, e.g., xylanase, cellulase, pectinase.

CONTINUED……
 Enzymes are highly specific and will only react with a small
number, sometimes only one, substance - ("substrate
specificity").
 A living organism therefore needs up to 10,000 different
enzymes to function smoothly.
 More than 5000 have been scientifically described.
 Enzymes operate at mild conditions (temperature, pH,
pressure) and without the need of harsh chemicals, and
because of their specificity without generating harmful
side-products.
 As natural proteins, enzymes are fully biodegradable.
 Enzymes are coded by genes within living cells and they
consist of chains of 20 different amino acids.

CONTINUED…….
 For the biological activity, the amino acid chain folds
to form a complex, three-dimensional molecular
structure-
Figure: The
Structure of
Enzymes

CONTINUED………
What are enzymes?
 Efficient biological catalysts
 Produced by all living organisms
 Proteins with three-dimensional structure
Why use enzymes?
Because they-
 Target specific substrates
 Accelerate reactions
 Work under mild conditions
 Replace harsh chemicals
 Are easy to use and safe
 Are biodegradable

CONTINUED…….
How are enzymes produced?
 Enzymes are produced by fermentation of
microorganisms
 The raw materials are renewable resources such as
potato starch, soya bean meal, salt and sugars
 Waste products can be used as fertilizer

PRE-TREATMENT WITH ENZYMES
AMYLASE
can efficiently remove the starch without damaging cotton fabrics and
cotton blends in pre-treatment of textiles.
CATALASE
for their low energy and water consumption requirements are increasingly
used in pre-treatment processes for bleach, clean up to hydrolyse residual
peroxide before dyeing.
PECTINASES
are used for scouring of woven and knitted cotton. Enzyme removes
efficiently pectin and other impurities from cotton fibres making it easier to
process. Replacing the traditional alkaline scouring with pectinase
treatment provides adequate wetting properties needed for subsequent
wet-processes, such as dyeing and bleaching.
Aurum AO CONC
Concentrated bacterial amylase for desizing in batch as well as continuous
processes.
Aurum AP CONC
Fungal catalase enzyme for bleach clean-up in pre-treatment processes.
Guarantees successful dyeing after bleaching.
Aurum KC SUPER
Fungal Pectinase, which together with Advasize meet industries high
technical requirements in desizing and scouring. These are elementary
process phases to ensure even and good dyeing of fabrics and textiles.
Moreover, this new enzyme technology reduces the consumption of water
and energy cutting down process costs.

DENIM STONE-WASHING AND BIO-
POLISHING
 Specially CELLULASES are used for denim
wash in order to match special requirements of
this widely used fabric and its processes.
 Cellulase enzymes offer cost-effectiveness and
value for denim finishing.
 Cellulases usually contain different cellulase
activities in unique combinations, which make
these enzymes powerful in creating a rich
variety of effects on denim meeting the ever-
changing needs of fashion.

CONTINUED………
Aurum LW
Fungal cellulase preparation, which can be used both for de-
pilling of fabrics and for stone washing of denim jeans in
acid pH.
Aurum LE
Fungal cellulase enzyme, which is ideal for bio-finishing
providing excellent performance in modern short cycle
processes. Can be easily used for denim wash as well.
Aurum NP
Fungal cellulase enzyme, which is ideal for high contrast
denim wash at neutral pH and wide temperature area.
Neutral Cellulases leave no anti back staining on garments.
Aurum WP
Acidic cellulase powder for efficient and cost effective denim
wash. It provides good abrasion and high contrast.

USE OF DIFFERENT ENZYMES
PRETREATMENT:
Aurum
Conc
Low foaming Non Ionic Wetting
Agent
Aurum MA Mercerizing Agent
Aurum SPL
Wash off agent for fabric and
yarn
Aurum
Stain
Stain extracting agent for
polyester and their blends
Aurum LF
Low foam scouring agent in all
machines

CONTINUED……
DYEING:
Aurum DFT
Leveling and stripping agent for
Disperse Dyes
Aurum DF Cationic Dye fixing agent
Aurum FF
Non formaldehyde Dye fixing
agent
Aurum
Stain extracting agent for
polyester and their blends
Aurum LF
Synthetic thickener aqueous
pigment System

CONTINUED……..
GARMENT WASHING:
Aurum PC
· Anti back staining agent or
Pocket clear for enzyme
washing
· Bio-polishing and stone
washing Enzymes
· Desizer Enzyme
· Hydrogen Peroxide killer
Enzyme
· Scouring Enzyme

CONTINUED……
PRINTING:
Aurum PF Fixing agent
Aurum FFP Non formaldehyde fixing agent
Aurum Binder

FEATURES OF ENZYME WASH
Enzyme wash is done on the garments made
from heavy fabrics like jeans and denims.
Features :
 To remove the size materials from the garments
 To remove the starch presents on the garments
fabric
 To achieve the high- low abrasion (stone effect)
on garment and seam abrasion in sewing area
 Enzyme attacks as chemically not mechanically
for this reason low damage/wastage then stone
wash

CONTINUED…..
 For soft feeling to wear the garments
 To achieve the buyer’s reference sample
 To increase the colour fastness & rubbing
fastness performance
 Especially develop the "Bio-Polishing" effect of
cotton/denim
 Enzyme improves the anti-pilling properties of
garments
 Enzyme attacks more on the surface of the
fabrics and gives a very smooth surface.

ENZYME WASHING PROCESS
(DARK SHADE)
 The enzyme washing process of a batch size 60 kgs denim
men's long pants (Trouser) is described below:
First Step: DESIZING
 Lot weight (80 pcs) ............ 60 kg denim long pant.
 Temperature.......................... 60°c.
 Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre ............ 324 gm.
 Add Detergent @ 0.8 gm / litre.................... 432 gm.
 Time...............................10-- 20 mts.
 Wash 1 time by cold water.

CONTINUED…….
Second Step: Bio-Abrasion (mechanical and chemical
action)
 Temperature.......................... 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / litre ................... 270 gm.
 Add Anti back staining @ 0.6 gm / litre........ 270 gm.
 Add Acid Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / litre ................ 900 gm
 Pumic stone --------@ 20 to 100 %
 Time .............. (Depend upon the shade )...40-- 60 min
 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute
(enzyme killing).
 Drain the bath.
 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes.

CONTINUED…….
Third Step :- SOFTENING
 Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 ..................... 450 Litre.
 Cationic Softner @ 1 gm / litre.............. 450 gm.
 Temperature................................... Cold.
 Time ................................................ 15 to 20 mts.
 Drain the bath.
 Then unload the garments on trolley.

CONTINUED……..
Fourth Step: Hydro extraction (700-900rpm)
Hydro-extractor is used to remove excess water from the
Garments.
Fifth Step :- Drying Machine
 Load 60 kg garments to gas dryer.
 Temperature set - 75°c to 85°c.
 Run about 40 mts.
 After then run 10 mts in cold dryer.
Sixth Step :-
After drying, garment goes to quality section for quality
checking and good one is delivered.

ENZYME WASHING PROCESS(MEDIUM SHADE)
The enzyme washing process of abatch size 60 kgs denim
men's long pant (Trouser) is described below:-
First Step :- DESIZING
 Lot weight (80 pes) ............ 60 kg denim long pant.
 Temperature.......................... 60°c.
 Time................................ 20 mts.

CONTINUED……
Second Step :- ENZYME Treatment
 Temperature.......................... 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / litre ................ 270 gm.
 Add Anti Back staining @ 0.6 gm / litre .... 270 gm.
 Add Acid Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / litre ............ 900 gm.
 Time....(Depend upon the shade)...........40--- 60
mts.
(enzyme killing).
 Drain the bath.

CONTINUED……
Third Step :-BLEACHING
 Temperature......................................50-- 60°c.
 Add chlorine bleach (k.c.i) @ 10 gm / litre ......
4200 gm.
 Add soda ash @ 2 gm / litre .................................
840 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the shade).................... 12
to 15 mts.

CONTINUED……
Fourth Step :-NEUTRALIZATION
 Temperature........................................40-- 50°c.
 Add sodium hypo sulphite @ 2 gm / litre ... 1200 gm.
 Add detergent @ 0.5 gm / litre ...................... 300 gm.
 Time................................ 10 to 15 mts.
Fifth Step :- SOFTENING
 Add water @ L: R = 1 : 8 .............. 450 Litres.
 Temperature.......................... Cold.
 Time................................ 15 to 20 mts.
 Drain the bath.

CONTINUED…….
Sixth Step :- Hydro extraction
After unloading garments from the washing machine
then they are sent to hydro extractor machine to remove
excess water from the washed garments.
Seven Step :- Drying Machine
Eighth Step : Delivery
After drying, garments are sent to quality section for
quality checking and good one is delivered.

ENZYME WASHING
PROCESS
(Light shade)
The enzyme washing process of a batch size 60 kgs denim
men's long pants (Trouser) is described below:-
 Lot weight (80 pes) ............ 60 kg denim long pant.
 Temperature.......................... 60°c.
 Time...............................15- 25 mts.

CONTINUED……..
Second Step :- ENZYME treatment
 Temperature.......................... 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / litre.............. 270 gm.
 Add Anti back staining @ 0.6 gm / litre ... 270 gm.
 Add Acid Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / litre .......... 900 gm.
 Time....... (Depend upon the shade)......40--- 60
mts.
(enzyme killing).
 Drain the bath.

CONTINUED…….
Third Step :-BLEACHING
 Temperature.......................... 50°c to 60°c.
 Add chlorine bleach @ 20 gm / litre ......... 8400
gm.
 Add sodium bi carbonate @ 4 gm / litre ............
1680 gm.
 Time (Depend upon the shade)............................. 12
to 20 mts.

CONTINUED……..
Fourth Step : NEUTRALIZATION
 Add water @ L : R = 1 : 10 ........................... 600 Liter
 Temperature.................................................... 50°c.
 Add sodium hypo sulphite @ 2 gm / litre.....1200 gm.
 Add detergent @ 0.5 gm / litre ...................... 300 gm.
 Time................................ 10 to 15 mts.
Fifth Step :-BLEACHING AGAIN
 Add water @ L: R = 1: 8........................... 480 Liter
 Temperature.......................... 60°c.
 Add hydrogen peroxide @ 4 gm / litre.... 1920 gm.
 Add caustic soda @ 1 gm / litre................. 480 gm.
 Add detergent @ 1 gm / litre ..................... 480 gm.
 Time................................ 10 mts.

CONTINUED……
Sixth Step :- SOFTENING
 Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .............. 450 Litres.
 Temperature.......................... Cold.
 Time................................ 15 to 20 mts.
 Drain the bath.

CONTINUED……..

Seventh Step :- Hydro extractor Machine
After unloading garments from the washing machine
they are sent to hydro extractor machine to remove excess
water from the washed garments.
Eighth Step :- Drying
Ninth Step :- Delivery
After drying garments go to quality section for quality
checking and good one is delivered.

ENZYME WASHING PROCESS
(TWILL/CANVAS/POPLIN)
The enzyme washing process of batch size 60 kg
Twill/Canvas/Poplin/Cord ray) trouser is described
below:-
 Lot weight (Approx 125 pcs) ............ 60 kg.
 Temperature.................................... 50°c.
 Time........................................10--- 20 mts.
 Rinse one time 3 minutes.

CONTINUED……
Second Step : ENZYME Teatment
 Temperature.......................... 45°c.
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.5 gm / litre ............ 240
gm.
 Add Acid Enzyme @ 1.2 gm / litre ............
576 gm.
 Add Antistain @ 0.50 gm / litre ................
240 gm.
 Time.. (Depend upon the standard)........ 30
to 60 mts.
 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1

CONTINUED……
Third Step: Softening
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / litre .......... 288 gm.
 Silicon (ME) @ 0.5 gm / litre................. 240 gm.
 Temperature.......................... 40°c..
 Time................................ 15 to 20 mts.
 Drain the bath.

CONTINUED….
Fourth Step : Hydro extractor Machine
After unloading garments from the washing machine then
Fifth Step :- Drying Machine
 Load 60 kg garments to gas/steam dryer.
 Run about 35 to 45 mts.
 After run 10 to 15 minutes for cold dryer.
Sixth Step :
After drying, garments go to quality section for quality
checking and then delivered.

STONE WASH
Pumic Stone:
 The pumic stones are the perforated stones,
produced from volcanic explosion
 At first these stones are softened but becomes
cold, then it becomes the stone with rough
surface
 Pumic stones float on water.
 Pumic stones come from Indonesia and Turkey.

CONTINUED…………..
 Indonesia’s stone color is slightly brown and
Turkey’s stone is white in color.
 Pumic stones are available in 3 size i.e. small 2-3
cm, medium 3-5 cm and large size 5-7 cm.
 pumic stone is Two to Three times of garments
can be used in washing.
 Every bag contains 22 kg to 25 kg and price 400/=
to 425/=/ bag.

FUNCTION OF PUMIC STONES
 During different garments washing like stone
wash, Acid wash, Stone Enzyme wash etc. Pumic
stones are used to create irregular fading effect
on garments.
 The pumic stones act a brushing action on the
garment fabric surfaces.
 The areas where more brushing action take
place, there more fading or discolor effect will be
developed and the areas where less brushing
action take place, there less discolor effect will
be developed.
 The multi layer fabric areas like – Collar, Cuff,
Pocket, Placket, Side seams etc. areas will be
brushed more than the single layer areas.

STONE WASHING PROCESS
A process of stone wash of 60 kg batch size of
Denim Long Pant as mentioned below:
First Step: PRE-TREATMENT / DESIZING
 Batch size....................... 60 kg Denim Long Pant
 Add water @ L : R = 1 : 9 .............. 540 litres.
 Start the machine.
 Temperature.................... 60°c
 Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre................. 324
gm.
 Add Detergent / Antistain @ 1 gm / litre ......... 540
gm.
 Time................................ 15 to 25 mts.

CONTINUED……
Second Step: HOT WASH
 Add water @ L: R = 1: 9.............. 540 litres.
 Temperature.................... 60°c.
 Time................................ 5 mts.
Third Step: BLEACHING
 Machine running.
 Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) @ 10 gm/litre ...... 4800 Gms.
 Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre .................................. 2400 Gms.
 Pumic stone @ ½ vol of garments.
 Temperature............................. 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) .......... 12 to 15 mts.
 Rinse twice, each 3 minutes.

CONTINUED…………
Fourth Step: NEUTRAL WASH
 Add sodium hyposulphite @ 3 gm/litre ...... 1620 Gms.
 Temperature............................. 40°c.
 Rinse one.
Fifth Step: SOFT WASH
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm/litre ..................... 288 Gms.
 Cationic softner @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 480 Gms.
 Time................................ 5 mts.
 Unload the garments to trolley.

CONTINUED………
Sixth Step: Hydro extractor Machine
Hydro extraction the garments to remove excess

Seventh Step: Drying Machine
 Load 40 kg garments
 Set temperature ................ 75°c to 85°c.
 Time ......................... 35 to 40 mts.
 Time ..................... 10 minutes in cold dry.
Eighth Step: Delivery
 After quality checking garments will be delivered.

STONE ENZYME WASH
Now in our Bangladesh, maximum Denim garment is
washing by STONE ENZYME process. It is most popular
wash for Buyers. A process of stone enzyme wash of 60 kg
batch of Denim Long Pant is mentioned below:

 Batch size....................... 60 kg Denim Long Pant.
 Add water @ L: R = 1 : 9 ............................ 540 litres.
 Temperature.................... 60°c
 Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre................. 324 gm.
 Add Detergent / Antistain @ 1 gm / litre ......... 540 gm.
 Time................................ 15 to 25 mts.

CONTINUED…….
 Temperature.................................... 60°c.
 Time................................................. 5 mts.
Third Step: Enzyme and stone treatment
 Add pumic stone @ ½ vol of garments.
 Add Enzyme @ 1.50 gm/litre ..................... 720 Gms.
 Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm/litre .................. 288 Gms.
 Add Antistain @ 0.8 gm/litre ..................... 384 Gms.
 Temperature......................................... 40°c to 50°c
 Then temperature raise to 90°c for 1 minute.


CONTINUED…….
Fourth Step: BLEACHING
 Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) @ 10 gm/litre ....4800 gms.
 Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre................................ 2400 gms.
 Temperature........................................................... 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade) ..................... 12 to 15 mts.
Fifth Step: NEUTRAL WASH
 Add water @ L: R = 1: 9 ............................ 540 litres.
 Add sodium hyposulphite @ 3 gm/litre ....... 1620 Gms.
 Temperature..................................................... 40°c.
 Time ............................................................. 10 to 12 mts.
 Rinse one.

CONTINUED…….
Sixth Step: SOFT WASH
 Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .............. ..............480 litre.
 Cationic softener @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 480 Gms.
 Time................................ 5 mts.
Seventh Step: Hydro extractor Machine
 Hydro extraction the garment to remove excess water from the
washed garments.
Eighth Step: Drying Machine :-
 Time ......................... 35 to 40 mts.
Ninth Step: Delivery
 After quality checking garments will be delivered.

BLEACH WASH
A process of bleach wash of 60 kg batch of Denim Long
Pant is mentioned below:
 Batch size....................... 60 kg Denim Long Pant.
 Temperature.................... 60°c
 Add Detergent / Antistain @ 1 gm / litre..... 540 gm.
 Time................................ 15 to 25 mts.
 Temperature....................................... 60°c.
 Time................................................... 5 mts.

CONTINUED……..
Third Step: BLEACHING
 Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) @ 10 gm/litre.. 4800 Gms.
 Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre ............................... 2400 Gms.
 Temperature............................................................ 60°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade).................... 12 to 15 mts.
Fourth Step: NEUTRAL WASH
 Add water @ L: R = 1: 9.......................... 540 litres.
 Add sodium hyposulphite @ 3 gm/litre ....... 1620 Gms.
 Temperature ......................................................... 40°c.
 Time (Depend upon the shade).............. 10 to 12 mts.
 Rinse one.

CONTINUED……..
Fifth Step: SOFT WASH
 Cationic softener @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 480 Gms.
 Time................................ 5 mts.
Sixth Step: Hydro extractor Machine
Hydro extraction is done to remove excess water from the
washed garments.
Seventh Step: Drying Machine
 Time ......................... 35 to 40 mts.
Eighth Step: Delivery
After quality checking garments will be delivered.

SUPER WHITE WASH
Super white wash is done on the garments made from
cotton grey fabrics. Due to this type of wash , the
garments become extremely white.
Objects:
1.To make white the garments.
2.To achieve the buyer washing standard.
3.For soft feeling to wear the garments.
4.To remove size materials from the garments, etc.

SUPER WHITE WASH PROCESS
The process of super white wash of batch of 60kg cotton grey
fabrics is described below:
First step: Desizing
-Batch size: 60 kg cotton grey fabrics
-Water @ L:R: 1:8
-Machine running
-Temperature up to 90°C
-Add detergent@2%(OWF)
-Cold caustic soda@8% (OWF)
-Add Soda ash @ 5% (OWF)
-Hydrogen per oxide @ 12% (OWF)
-Stabilizer @ 5% (OWF)
-Time: 70minutes
-Drop the liquor

CONTINUED…….
Second step: Bleaching
 Add detergent @1% (OWF)
 Add Caustic soda @ 3-4% (OWF)
 Hydrogen per oxide @ 6-8% (OWF)
 Stabilizer @ 2% (OWF)
 Time: 45-60 minutes
 Temperature: 90°C
Third step: Hot Wash
 Temperature: 50°C-80°C
 Drop the liquor

CONTINUED…..
Fourth step: Neutralization
 Add Acetic acid @ 1%
 Cold wash
Fifth Step: Brightening
 Add optical brightener agent @ 0.5-0.6%
Sixth step:
 Add softener @ 0.5-1%
Seventh step: Hydro extractor

CONTINUED……
Eight step: Drying machine
1.Load 60kg garments to gas dryer
2.Machine running
3.Temperature: 75°C-85°C
4.Time: 40 minutes in hot dryer
5.After then run 10 minutes in cold dryer.
Ninth step: Delivery

ACID WASH
It is normally done on the garments from heavy fabrics
like denim, course canvas, sweater & thick twill etc.
Ultimate affect of Acid wash:
 During Acid wash, pumic stones are used. By the action of
pumic stones, irregular fading affect is developed on the
heavy garments like denims, thick canvas/twill, and
sweater. The pumic stones act as a brushing action on the
garment fabric surface. The area where more brushing
action takes place there more discolour or fadding affect
is developed and the area where less brushing action
takes place less brushing action and takes place less
fadding affect will be developed. The multi-layer fabric
areas like – collar, calf, pocket, placket, side seam etc area
will be brushed more than the single layer areas. As a
result irregular fading affect will be developed on the
garments fabric surface. Thus in this way fading affect
may be developed on the garments by acid wash
technique.

ACID WASHING PROCESS
A process of Acid wash of 60 kg batch of Denim
Trouser is mentioned below:
First Step: Pretreatment/Desizing.
 Start Machine.
 Add desizing agent @ 1 gm/litre .................600
Gms.
 Add detergent @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 600
Gms.
 Temperature............................. 60°c.
 Time........................... 20 mts.
 Rinse one for 3 minutes (cold).

CONTINUED……
Second Step: Hot wash
 Temperature............................. 60°c.
 Time........................... 5 mts.
Here hot wash is used to remove the adhering materials
from the garment surface.
 Unload the garments from the washing m/c in the trolley.
 Load the pre treated garments in the dryer m/c.
 Dry the garment completely & unload the garments.

CONTINUED…….
The pumic stones used for acid wash need to pre-treat in the following
chemical solution:-
 Water ..................... 100 L
 Potassium per manganate.............. 1000 Gms.
 Phosphoric Acid............................... 250 Gms.
 Stire the solution in a stainless steel tub with dry pumic stone.
 Soak the stones with the chemical solution ......... 10 – 15 minutes.
 The stones will pick up the solution. Then the soaked stones are dried in
the open air for.............. 2 to 3 hrs.
Then pre-treated garment 30 – 40 kg per batch load in the dry washing
machine.
 Load the per-treated stones (about 50 kg) in washing machine.
 Start machine running for each batch ........................ 7 to 10 mts.
 Stop machine running.
 Unload the treated garment separately. Pumic stones with P.P. solution
hit on garment surface as a result fading will be developed.

CONTINUED………
Third Step: Wash for cleaning
 Batch wt................................ 70 kg.
 Add detergent @ 1 gm/litre .............560 Gms.
 Temperature............................. 40°c - 50°c.
 Time ..................................10 mts.
Here detergent is used to remove the breaking stone dust
and chemicals from the garment surface.
Fourth Step: Whitening/Neutralization.
 Add Metabisulphite @ 5 gm/litre..... 2800 Gms.
 Cold temperature.
 Time 5 mts.

CONTINUED……..
Fifth Step:
 Add Acetic acid @ 0.6 gm/litre ..................... 294 Gms.
 Add Softener @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 490 Gms.
 Then unload the garments.
Sixth Step: Hydro-extractor machine.
Hydro extractor machine is used to remove excess water
from the garments.
Seventh Step: Dryer machine.
After hydro extraction the garments are sent to drying
m/c for complete drying.
Eighth Step: Quality & Delivery.
After drying the garments go to quality checking &
rectify washing fault and then good one delivery.

CONTINUED………
Precaution:
 Maintain the stock solution properly constant when comes
socking the stone.
 No water licks age in to the machine when treated pumic
stone & garments in to the machine.
 Not excess load the garments in the Acid wash processing.
 Add some new stone after finishing on batch to maintain
the volume for 2nd
batch. It is a matter of experience.

COLOR SHADE VARIATION &
SOLUTION
When fabrics come in to garment factory against
any order from abroad / local fabric dyeing
factory, its found different color shade roll in the
same color i.e. slide light, slide dark, slide tone
different for this reason garment factory to
control shade variation works as follows :-
 8"×8" size fabric cut from every roll.
 Marking roll number by permanent marking pen
at back side of cut pieces.
 Every cut pieces joint each other and make a
blanket.
 Then it washes into standard approval shade.
 Garment factory now segregate same color tone
in one bundle and shade grading A.B.C.D.

CONTINUED…….
 First A shade roll cutting by pattern then B.C.D
shade separately.
 After garment making shade level attached on
body.
 Then go to washing plant for standard washing.
 Washing plant shade level wise washing in
respective wash.
 After wash it any big shade variation found then
again rewash to match with buyer approval
standard.
 Final quality checking garment go to finishing
section for thread cutting, button attached, iron
& poly etc.

SILICON WASH
Silicon washes are generally done on all type of fabrics
i.e. Twill, Denim, Canvas, Knit, Corduroy.
Silicon wash is required for the following reasons:
 It gives durable softness, elastic handle,
 It helps to anti pilling affects, dimensional stability, tear
resistance.
 It helps to fabrics to be cut and sewn more easily allows
and improving wears and easy care properties.

WASHING PROCEDURE
The silicon washing process of batch of 60 kg
Twill/Canvas/Poplin/Corduroy/Trouser is
described below:
 First Step: De-sizing
 Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) ............ 60 kg.
 Temperature.......................... 50°c.
 Time...............................10- 20 mts.
 Rinse one time 3 minutes.

CONTINUED……….
Second Step: Silicon Wash
 Cationic Softener @ 1 gm / litre.............. 480 gm.
 Silicon (ME) @ 0.5 gm / litre ................ 240 gm.
 Temperature.......................... 40°c..
 Time................................ 15 to 20 mts.
 Drain the bath.

CONTINUED…….
Third Step: Hydro extractor Machine
After unloading garments from the washing machine then
Fourth Step: Drying Machine
 Load 60 kg garments to gas/steam dryer.
 Run about 35 to 45 mts.
 After run 10 to 15 minutes for cold dryer.
Fifth Step:
After drying, garments go to quality section for quality
checking and then delivered.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WASHING
FAULTS Color shade variation.
 Crease marks.
 After wash hole.
 Very dark and very light.
 Bleach spot.
 Bottom hem and course edge destroy.
 Running shade.
 Over blasting/low blasting.
 Over grinding/low grinding.
 Bad smell due to poor neutralization.
 Poor hand feel.
 To high hairiness.
 Poor brightness.
 High or low effect/abrasion on garments.
 Spot on garments.
 Out of range/ level of ph value of garments.

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