Pankaj kamaliya 2003 (2)

A
Presantation
of
Grand Project on
“A Study on Impact of NPA on Profitability and
Liquidity In Public Sector Banks”
Project Guide
Prof. Ranjani Srinivasan

Submitted By
Ketan Dhameliya

Pankaj Kamaliya

S.K.Patel Institute Of Management and Computer Studies

== Research Paper Published in Inventi Journals ==
Inventi Rapid: Microfinance & Banking Vol. 2013, Issue 2
[ISSN 2231- 2641]
CCC: $10 © Inventi Journals (P) Ltd
Published on Web 19/03/2013, www.inventi.in

== Flow of Presentation ==
Chapter – 1. Introduction
Meaning of NPA
Introduction of Indian Banking Industry
Procedures for NPA Identification And Resolution In India
Chapter – 2. Review Of Literatures
Chapter – 3. Research Methodology
Scope of the study
Objective of Study
Methodology
Tools and Techniques
Chapter – 4. Data Base and Methodology
Hypothesis of the Study
Chapter – 5. Finding
Chapter – 6. Conclusion
Chapter – 7. References

== Chapter – 1. Introduction ==
== Meaning of NPA==
Interest and or installment of principal remain overdue for a period
of more than 180 days in respect of a Term Loan.
The account remains 'out of order' for a period of more than 180
days, in respect of an overdraft/ cash Credit(OD/CC),
The bill remains overdue for a period of more than 180 days in the
case of bills purchased and discounted,
Any amount to be received remains overdue for a period of more
than 180 days in respect of other accounts.
With a view to moving towards international best practices and to
ensure greater transparency, it has been decided to adopt the '90
days overdue' norm for identification of NPAs.

== Introduction of Indian Banking Industry ==
Structure Of Indian Banking Industry
Aggregate Performance of the Banking Industry
Challenges facing by banking industry
Deregulation
New Rules
Efficiency
Misaligned mindset
Competency gap

Classification of Assets
Standard Assets
Categories of NPAs
Sub-standard Asset
Doubtful Asset
Loss Asset

== Types NPA ==
Types Of Npa
Gross NPA
Net NPA
== Impact of NPA ==
Impact Of Npa
Profitability
Liquidity

== Procedures for NPA Identification And Resolution In India ==

Internal Checks and Control
Relationship Manager/Credit Officer
Know your client' profile (KYC)
Credit Rating System
Watch-list/Special Mention Category
Monitoring of early warning signals
Financial
Operational
Banking
Management and
External factors

Willful Defaulters

== Chapter – 2. Review Of Literatures ==
Serial

Author

Topic Name

1

Dr. A.
Shyamal
a(June ;
2012))

“Npas in indian
banking
sector: impact
on
profitability”

Review of
literature :-1

Data & Sample

Methodology

Conclusion

Types of data:
secondary data
years :2000-2010
Area under study: SBI
Group, Nationalized
Banks Group and
Private Banks Group
Scope: Indian banking
sector for 10 year
Objective: To analyze
the impact of nonperforming assets on
the profitability of
banks.

The data has been
analyzed using ratio.
1)Ratio of Gross NPA
to Gross Advances
ii) Ratio of Net NPA to
Net Advances
iii) Ratio of Gross NPA
to Total Assets
iv) Ratio of Net NPA
to Total Assets

Yes
(Nationalize
d bank
group has
secured the
first place
and the
second
place was
taken by SBI
and its
Associates)

2

Mahipa
l Singh
Yadav,
( June,
2011)

“Impact of
Non
Performing
Assets on
Profitability
and
Productvity
of Public
Sector Banks
in India “

Review of
literature :-2

Types of data:
secondary data
years : 19942006
Area under
study: public
sector banks
Scope: Indian
banking sector
for 10 year
Objective: -To
evaluate the
impact of nonperforming
assets on
profitability with
other variables;

Regression equation
Y = a + b1X1 + u....(1)
X1= Gross non- performing
asset as percentage of total
asset
a= intercept, b=regression
parameter; u= standard
error
Y = a + b1 X1 + b2 X2 + b3 X3
+ u------------ (2)
X2= priority sector as a
percentage of total asset.
X3= nonpriority sector as a
percentage of total asset. Y =
a + b1X1+ b2 X2 + b3 X3 + b4
X4+ b5X5 + b6X6 + b7X7 + u
-----(3)
Y = a + b1X1 + u -----(4)
Y = a + b1 X1+ u-----(5)

Yes
(nonperformin
g assets in
public
sector
banks
affects
fifty
percent
profitabilit
)

3 (1)Siraj.
K.K
(2)Prof.
(Dr). P.
Sudarsan
an Pillai,
(March|
2012)

“A Study
on the
Performan
ce of NonPerformin
g Assets
(NPAs) of
Indian
Banking
During
Post
Millenniu
m Period”

Types of data:
secondary data
years : March 2001 to
March 2011
Area under study:
Commercial Banks is
composed of State
Bank of India &
Associates,
Nationalized Banks,
Private Sector Banks
and Foreign Banks.
sector& Foreign Banks
for 10 year
Objective: Impact of
NPA

1)AAG (Average
Annual Growth
Rate).
2)regression
equation
Gross Advances
(XGD) Total
Deposits (XTD)
Additions to
NPA (XANPA).

Yes(NPA
remained
as an area
of
concern
as it
indicates
the real
efficiency
of credit
risk
managem
ent)

Review of
literature :-3

4

(1)DR.H
OSMANI
(2)MR.J
AGADIS
H
HUDAGI
(Decem
ber
2011,)

“Unearthin
g the
epidemic
of non-per
forming
assets -a
study with
reference
to public
sector
banks in
india”

Review of
literature :-4

Types of data: secondary
data
years : 2005-2010.
Area under study: Non
performing assets in
Commercial banks
operating in India wise
public sector banks has
been taken in to account
sector for 5 year
Objective
1.To study the magnitude
and trend of NPA of Public
sector banks in India. 2. To
evaluate the asset
portfolio and NPA
proportion of Public sector
bank

1).Average,
2).ANOVA,
3).correlatio
n, and
4).comparati
ve
percentage
analysis.

Yes
(The study
conducted on the
topic unearthing
the epidemic of
non performing
assets with
reference to public
sector banks in
India, found that
there is a slight
improvement in
the asset quality
reflected by
decline in the
diverse NPA
percentage.)

5 1.)Namit
a Rajput
2.)Monik
a Gupta
3.) Mr.
Ajay
Kumar
Chauhan

“Profitabi
lity And
Credit
Culture
Of Npas:
An
Empirical
Analysis
Of Psbs”

Review of
literature :-5

data
years : 1997-2010)
Area under study:
Commercial Banks, Public
sector banks, private sector
banks and foreign banks
sector for 13 year
Objective:
1.) To analyze the nature,
extent and magnitude of
NPA in Indian banking
sector. 2.) To examine the
relationship between NPAs
and profitability measure
(ROA) of
banks.

1.)Y=
a+b1x1+μ….. (i)
Y=a+b2x2+u (ii)
Where, Y= ROA
(Return on
Assets),a=
constant
term,b1 & b2 =
Regression
coefficients for
the respective
variables,
x1 = GNPA Ratio
and x2 = NNPA
Ratioμ = Error
Term
2.) Ratio
3.) ANOVA

Yes
(An inverse
relationship
among
profitability
and nonperforming
assets
revealed the
fact, that the
bank can have
an increasing
trend of
profitability
only by the
effective
declining
trend of NPAs)

6 1.)Deba
rshi
Ghosh
2.)Suka
nya
Ghosh

“Manage
ment Of
NonPerformi
ng Assets
In Public
Sector
Banks:
Evidence
From
India”

Review of
literature :-6

1) Ratio
data
2) correla
years : 2009-2010
tion
Area under study: Public
sector banks in India
include seven banks
under the State Bank of
India group and twenty
other nationalized banks.
sector for 1 year
Objective:
To study the trends in Gross
Advances and Gross NPAs
by various bank groups
during the
study period.

Yes
“The pressing
problem that
banks all over the
world are facing in
recent times is
spiraling of nonperforming assets.
NPAs adversely
affect lending
activity of banks as
non-recovery of
loan installment
and the interest on
the loan harms
the usefulness of
loan-disbursement
process.”

7 1.)Dr.
Viplaw
Kishore
Pandey
2.) Mrs.
Harme
et Kaur

“Npa In
Banking
Sector:
Some
Correlatio
nal
Evidence”

Review of
literature :-7

Types of data: secondary data 1) Ratio
years : 2001 to 2010,
Analysis,
Area under study: Public
2) Averages,
Sector Banks
3) Correlations
Priority Sector
Non-Priority Private Sector
Banks
SectorScope: Indian banking
sector for 10 year
Objective:
1. To analyse the trends of
NPAs in Priority and Non
priority sector.
2. To find out the level of
priority sector NPAs against
priority sector credit by various
bank
groups.

Yes
(NPAs have
been an
immense
problem for
the Indian
Banking
Sector.
Proper and
effective
managemen
t of NPA is
essential or
else it can
adversely
affect the
profitability
of the
banks.)

== Chapter – 3. Research Methodology ==
== Scope of the study ==
This research report is based on historical data of public sector
banks
Source for the data is Trends and progress report of banking
industry from RBI website.
For the analysis the main NET NPA and NET PROFIT are being
taken. Area of research in banking industry very wide but our
report is limited to these public sector banks only
Time period of data is ten year it’s to get probable output and on
the basis of this forecasting can be done.

== Objective of Study ==
To analyse the impact of non-performing assets on
profitability and liquidity of banks at aggregate and sectoral
level.
To evaluate the impact of non-performing assets on
profitability And liquidity with other variables.
To examine the impact of non-performing assets on efficiency
and productivity.
To know the ratio of NPA and Advances of banks.

== Methodology ==
Types of data: secondary data.
Sampling unit: - All public sector banks.
Period of the study: 10 year (1/4/2002 to 31/3/2012).
Data collection: journals, articles, internet, books.

== Tools and Techniques ==
Descriptive test :Jarque-Bera.(Probability <0.05 or 0 .05>)
Kurtosis.(<3 or >3)
Skewness(- or +)
Correlation analysis.
Regression analysis.(The degree of linear association between two variables.)
Pairwise Granger Causality Tests.(causality between the variables)
Johansen Cointegration Test.( the long run equilibrium relationship exists between the
variables

•
== Chapter – 4. Data Base and Methodology ==

== Hypothesis of the Study ==
Ho= There is no significant association between gross NPAs to
gross advances of the public sector banks.
Ho= There is no significant association between priority sector,
non priority sector, public sector & from NPAs point of view.
Ho= There is no significant reduction in the portion of gross
NPAs to gross advances.
Ho= There is no significant relation between Net NPA and NET
PROFIT .

(1)To analysis the impact of Non-performing assets on profitability
and liquidity of Public sector banks.
Table-1: Net Npa to Net Profit of Public Sector Banks. (Amt in Crores)
Source: Report On Trend And Progress of Banking In India from 2003 to 2012)

Year
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12

Net NPA
24877
19335
16904
14566
14145
17726
21033
29644
36071
39423

Net Profit
12295
16546
15784
16539
20152
26592
34394
57109
70331
81700

Table No-1.1 : Descriptive Statistics
Particulars
Mean
Median
Std. Dev.
Skewness
Kurtosis
Jarque-Bera
Probability

NET NPA
23472.30
20184.00
8826.273
0.758552
2.151510
1.258974
0.532865

NET PROFIT
35144.20
23372.00
25332.07
0.857480
2.150133
1.526400
0.466172

Analysis:
• Jarque-Bera: From the Data it is clear that Probability is more than 0.05 that’s
show the data follow the normality in the past 10 year in NPA & PROFIT. The
probability is respectively 0.532 & 0.4466 that’s show normally distributed.
• Kurtosis: Data follow the platykurtic. Here both variable NPA & PROFIT result
is2.1589 &2.1501 respectively.
• Skewness: The standard of the test is in negative or positive here result shows
positive in both the variable. its show the normally distributed follow by data.

Table No-1.2: Correlation Analysis:

NET NPA
NET PROFIT

NET NPA
1
0.912

NET PROFIT
1

• Correlation result show the positive correlation between NET NPA and NET
PROFIT its show the one of the objective to know the impact of npa on
profitability its clear in result the Correlation is 0.912 is more than 0.800 the
indicate high correlation between them

Table No-1.3: Regression analysis.
• The regression test on NET NPA and NET PROFIT show the R squared is .831569
means the both variable in the test show the relation between each other
positive and data will effect with each other. Its show high relationship
between NPA and PROFIT if the NPA increase the its affect the PROFIT margin
of public sector Banks.
Table No-1.4: Granger Causality Tests.
Null Hypothesis

F-Statistic

Probability

Decision

NETPROFIT does not Granger Cause NETNPA

0.07989

0.9251

Accepted

NETNPA does not Granger Cause NETPROFIT

.86378

.5055

Accepted

• Here in Net Profit to Net NPA the probability is 0.9251 means Accepted and
NET NPA to NET PROFIT is 0.5055 the accepted null hypostasis and will
affected the each other, here if Net Profit Decreases its means the affected by
NPA.

Table No-1.5: Johansen Cointegration Test.
Trace test indicates 1 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0.05 level
* denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the 0.05 level
**MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values
Max-eigenvalue test indicates 1 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0.05 level

(2)To evaluate the impact of non-performing assets on profitability
and liquidity with other variables.
Table No-2: NPA of Priority, Non-priority, and Remaining Public to Net Profit
(Amount in Crores)
Year
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12

Priority Sector
24939
23841
21926
22374
22954
25287
24318
30848
41245
48524

Non-priority Sector
26781
25698
23249
18664
15158
14153
19251
25929
29803
34502

Public Sector
1087
610
444
341
490
299
474
524
278
746

Net Profit
12295
16546
15784
16539
20152
26592
34394
57109
70331
81700

Table No-2.1: Descriptive test.
Mean
Median
Std. Dev.
Skewness
Kurtosis
Jarque-Bera
Probability

PRIORITY
28625.60
24628.50
9082.669
1.390414
3.408916
3.291758
0.192843

NON PRIORITY
23318.80
24473.50
6501.273
0.111797
2.064054
0.385829
0.824553

PUBLIC
529.3000
482.0000
242.2244
1.224214
3.841249
2.792707
0.247498

NET PROFIT
35144.20
23372.00
25332.07
0.857480
2.150133
1.526400
0.466172

Jarque-Bera :the past 10 year in NPA & PROFIT the probability is respectively in
priority sector, Non priority sector & Public sector to Net Profit like 0.1928 &
0.82450 & 0.2474 & 0.4661 that’s show normally distributed.
Kurtosis: From data follow the Platykurtic the standard is less than 3 in both the
variable like Non priority & Net Profit and more than 3 than data follow the
Leptokurtic both variable priority sector and public sector result is 3.4089
&3.8141 respectively.
Skewness: Here result shows positive in all the variable its show the normally
distributed follow by data

Table No-2.2: Correlation Analysis.
PRIORITY
NON PRIORITY
PUBLIC
NET PROFIT

PRIORITY
1
0.77145
0.08411
0.94424

NONPRIORITY PUBLIC
1
0.45452
0.6574

1
-0.09704

NETPROFIT

1

Analysis:
Correlation result show the positive correlation between PRIORITY and NET
PROFIT and Average relation between NON PRIORITY and NET PROFIT and
No correlation between PUBLIC SECTOR And NET PROFIT
The one of the objective to know the impact of npa on profitability with other
variable its clear in result.

Table No-2.3: Regression Test.
Analysis:
The regression test on NPA of Priority sector on-Priority sector and Public
sector and NET PROFIT show the R squared is 0.922970 means the both
variable in the test show the relation between each other is very high and data
will effect with each other

Table No-2.4: Pairwise Granger Causality Tests.
Null Hypothesis

F-Statistic

Probability

Decision

NETPROFIT does not Granger Cause PRIORITY

11.9584

0.0372

Rejected

PRIORITY does not Granger Cause NETPROFIT

3.7898

0.1510

Accepted

NETPROFIT does not Granger Cause NONPRIORITY

1.87085

0.2968

Accepted

NONPRIORITY does not Granger Cause NETPROFIT

13.1264

0.0328

Rejected

NETPROFIT does not Granger Cause PUBLIC

1.57091

0.3414

Accepted

PUBLIC does not Granger Cause NETPROFIT

1.75564

0.3127

Accepted

Analysis:
• here in Net Profit to Priority Sector the probability is 0.0372 means Rejected
the null and in NONPRIORITY sector to NETPROFIT rejected null.
• Other all have probability more than 0.05 so accepted null hypothesis

(3)To examine the impact of non-performing assets on efficiency
and Liquidity.
Table No-3: Gross NPA to Gross Advance and Ratio 0f Gross NPA to Gross
Advance. (Amount in Crores)
Year

Gross NPA

Gross Advance

2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12

56,473
54,090
52,880
41,358
38,968
40,595
44,957
59,926
74,614
117,200

577813
661975
877825
1134724
1464493
1819074
2282081
2736347
3265245
3645235

Gross NPA To Gross
Advances
6.85
7.79
5.53
3.64
2.66
2.23
2.19
2.23
2.5
3.1

Table No-3.1: Descriptive Statistics of Public sector bank.
GROSS ADVANCE

Mean
Median
Std. Dev.
Skewness
Kurtosis
Jarque-Bera
Probability

GROSS NPA

1846481.

58106.10

1641784.

53485.00

1097176.

23429.14

0.393184

1.742166

1.780627

5.165252

0.877186

7.012038

0.644943

0.030016

Jarque-Bera: From the past 10 year in GROSS NPA & GROSS ADVANCES the
probability is respectively 0.030016 & 0.644943 that’s show normally
distributed in GROSS ADVANCE and GROSS NPA Do not follow the normal
distribution.
Kurtosis: From the result it is clear that data follow the Platykurtic the standard
is less than 3 in gross advances and gross NPA follow the Leptokurtic
Skewness: The standard of the test is in negative or positive here result shows
positive in both the variable its show the normally distributed follow by data

GROSS ADVANCE
GROSS NPA

GROSS ADVANCE
1
0.67952

GROSS NPA
1

Analysis:
Correlation result show the positive correlation between GROSS NPA and GROSS
ADVANCE its show the one of the objective to know the liquidity impact of NPA
in public sector Banks, it’s clear in result the Correlation is average.
Table No-3.3: Regression analysis.
Analysis:
The regression test on GROSS ADVANCES and GROSS NPA show the R squared
is0.461755 means the both variable in the test show the relation between
each other are not positive and data will effect with each other is lesser. And
Adjusted R-square is 0.394474 the show less relationship between GROSS
ADVANCES and GROSS NPA if the GROSS NPA increase the does not affect the
GROSS ADVANCES of public sector Banks.

Null Hypothesis

F-Statistic Probability

Decision

GROSS NPA does not Granger Cause GROSS ADVANCE

4.22619

0.1341

Accepted

GROSS ADVANCE does not Granger Cause GROSS NPA

6.35724

0.0834

Accepted

Analysis:
Here in GROSS NPA and GROSS ADVANCES the probability is 0.1341 means
accepted the null hypostasis and in GROSS ADVANCES and GROSS NPA
probability 0.0834 accepting the null hypostasis
Table No-3.5: Johansen Cointegration test.

Ratio analysis of ratio between gross advances and gross NPA

Ratio of last 10 year say of gross advances and gross NPA is high in 2002-03
to 2005-06 is approximately between in 2003-04 is 7.79 than after slowly
decreases and low in year 2008-09 is 2.19.if we taken average of all the ratio
is between 3.871 is good than individual year ratio.

(4)To know the ratio of NPA and Advances of public sector banks.
Table No-4: Net NPA to Net Advance and Ratio of NPA and Advance.

Year

Net NPA

Net Advance

2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12

24877
19335
16904
14566
15144
17726
21033
29644
36071
39423

5,49,351
6,31,383
8,48,912
11,06,128
14,40,123
17,97,504
22,60,156
26,32,236
32,03,125
35,21,563

Net NPA To Net
Advances
3.03
2.99
2.06
1.32
1.05
0.99
1.09
1.09
1.1
1.4

Table No-4.1: Descriptive Statistics of Public sector.
Mean
Median
Std. Dev.
Skewness
Kurtosis
Jarque-Bera
Probability

NET ADVANCE
1799048.
1618814.
1068864.
0.362051
1.757141
0.862093
0.649829

NET NPA
23472.30
20184.00
8826.273
0.758552
2.151510
1.258974
0.532865

Analysis:
Jarque-Bera: the past 10 year in NET ADVANCES and NET NPA the probability
is respectively 0.64989 & 0.532865 that’s show normally distributed.
Kurtosis: From the result it is clear that data follow the Platykurtic the
standard is less than 3 in both the variable Here both variable NET ADVANCE &
NET NPA result is 1.757141 &2.151510 respectively.
Skewness: The standard of the test is in negative or positive here result shows
positive in both the variable its show the normally distributed follow by data.

NETADVANCE
NETNPA

NETADVANCE
1
0.7969

NET NPA
1

Analysis:
Correlation result show the positive correlation between NET NPA and NET
ADVANCE its show the one of the objective to know the impact of npa on
liquidity its clear in result the Correlation is 0.7969 is more than 0.800 the
indicate high correlation between them.
Table No-4.3: Regression test.
Analysis:
The regression test on NET NPA and NET ADVANCE show the R squared is .
635160 means the both variable in the test show the relation between each
other positive and data will effect with each other And Adjusted R-square is
0.589555 the show average relationship between NET NPA and NET ADVANCE.

Null Hypothesis

F-Statistic Probability

Decision

NET NPA does not Granger Cause NET ADVANCE

44.7597

.0058

Rejected

NET ADVANCE does not Granger Cause NET NPA

1.76669

0.3112

Accepted

Analysis:
Here in Net ADVANCE to Net NPA the probability is 0.3112 means Accepted
and NET NPA to NET ADVANCE is 0.0058 the null hypostasis rejected and NET
NPA does not cause NET ADVANCE and in second test NET ADVANCE cause the
NET NPA.
Table No-4.5: Johansen Cointegration Test.
Max-eigenvalue test indicates 1 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0.05 level

Ratio analysis of ratio between NET ADVANCES and GROSS NPA
Ratio of last 10 year say of net advances and net NPA is average in 200203 to 2011-12 compare to Gross Advances to Gross Npa and
approximately between height in 2002-03 is 3.03 than after slowly
decreases and low in year 2007-08 is 099.if we taken average of all the
ratio is between 1.1612 is good than individual year ratio.

== Chapter – 5. Finding ==
From the analysis the impact of non-performing assets on
profitability and liquidity of public sector banks its shows the
positive relation.
Evaluate the impact of non-performing assets on profitability and
liquidity with other variables Like priority sector, non priority
sector, and other variable. Show high correlation between NPA
and priority sector, non-priority sector and medium correlation
between NPA and other variable.
Examine the impact of non-performing assets on efficiency and
liquidity show average correlation.
The ratio of NPA and advances of public sector banks are high.

== Chapter – 6. Conclusion ==
The NPAs of public sector banks in absolute terms has shown increasing
trend till 2003-04 to 2011-12 and declined later on in 2004-05 to 2007-08.
where as its test applied in the NET NAP and NET ADVANCE also prove that’s
the significant impact of NPA on profitability in public sector.
Result of other variable of priority sector, non-priority sector and
remaining public sector its result of impact on profit also more and other
result for liquidity show there is not much more but only average impact on
liquidity.
Indian banking sector is facing a serious problem of NPA.
The extent of NPA is comparatively higher in public sectors banks than the
private sector.
Test result of NPA show positive correlation between NET NPA and NET
PROFIT its show Correlation is 0.912
Analysis Granger Causality test says if Net Profit Decreases its means the
affected by NPA.

== Chapter – 6. Conclusion ==
The Correlation result show the positive correlation between PRIORITY and NET
PROFIT
Average relation between NON PRIORITY and NET PROFIT and no correlation
between PUBLIC SECTOR And NET PROFIT show the One of the objective to
know the impact of npa on profitability with other variable its clear in result the
Correlation is respectively like 0.94424, 0.6574 and -0.09704 is more than 0.800
the indicate high.
Correlation result show the positive correlation between GROSS NPA and
GROSS ADVANCE its show the one of the objective to know the liquidity impact
of NPA in public sector Banks, it’s clear in result the Correlation is 0.67952 if more
than 0.800 the indicate high correlation between them,
Correlation result show the positive correlation between NET NPA and NET
ADVANCE its show the one of the objective to know the impact of npa on
liquidity its clear in result the Correlation is 0.7969 is more than 0.800 the indicate
high correlation between them.

== Chapter – 7. References ==
Anshu Bansal* (2012) " A Study On Recent Trends In Risk Management Of Non
Performing Assets (Npas) By Public Sector Banks In India”- Journal of Information and
Operations Management ISSN: 0976–7754 & E-ISSN: 0976–7762 , Volume 3, Issue 1, ,
pp-50– 56.
Chandan Chatterjee*, Jeet Mukherjee; Dr.Ratan Das (November 2012) “ Management
Of Non Performing Assets - A Current Scenario” International Journal of Social Science
& Interdisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 11, , ISSN 2277 3630.
Dr. A. Shyamala Assistant Professor of Economics,“Npas In Indian Banking Sector:
Impact On Profitability” Vol.1,Issue.V/June; 12pp.1-4 Indian Streams Research Journal
Damodar gujarati “basic Economatrix” Eviews software.
Dr. Anindita Chakraborty*( January -- June 2012) “Employees’ Perception towards
NPAs: A Comparative Study of Public Sector and Private Sector Banks” Volume-I, No.3, Business Spectrum ISSN-2249-4804.
Dr. Dhiraj Jain*, Ms. Nasreen Sheikh,( September 2012) “A Comparative Study Of Loan
Performance Npa And Net Profit In Selected Indian Private Banks” IRJC International
Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research Vol.1 Issue 9, , ISSN

Dr. Namita Rajput, Anu Priya Arora, Baljeet Kaur “Management Of Non-Performing
Assets A Study Of Indian Public Sector Banks” IJMIE Volume 2, Issue 4 ISSN: 22490558.
Dr. Viplaw Kishore Pandey* Mrs. Harmeet Kaur, (May, 2012) “Npa In Banking
Sector: Some Correlational Evidence” Volume 2, Issue 5 ISSN: 2249-7323
Dr.Hosmani.A.P*, Mr.Jagadish Hudagi, (December 2011) “Unearthing The Epidemic
Of Non-Per Forming Assets -A Study With Reference To Public Sector Banks In India”
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 8, ISSN 2231 5780.
K. Veerakumar*,(2012) “Non-Performing Assets in Priority Sector: A Threat to Indian
Scheduled Commercial Banks International Research Journal of Finance and
Economics” ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 93 (© EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012
Ms. Rajni Saluja & Dr. Roshan Lal, (2010), “Comparative Analysis On Non-Performing
Assets (Npas) Of Public Sector, Private Sector And Foreign Banks In India” Volume
No. 1 Issue No. 7 (November)
Mahipal Singh Yadav,(June, 2011) “Impact Of Non Performing Assets On Profitability
And Productvity Of Public Sector Banks In India” AFBE Journal Volume 4, No. 1, Issn
2071-7873
Mr. Sandeep Aggarwal, Assistant Professor, Indira Gandhi P.G. Regional CenterMirpur.Ms. Parul Mittal, Non-Performing Assest: “Comparative Position of Public and
Private Sector Banks in India” International Journal of Business and Management
Tomorrow Vol. 2 No. 1

Namita Rajput; Monika Gupta; Mr. Ajay Kumar Chauhan,( September 2012)
“Profitability And Credit Culture Of Npas: An Empirical Analysis Of PSBs” International
Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research Vol.1 Issue 9, ISSN
2277 3622
Neha Kalra, Shaveta Gupta, Rajesh Bagga, “Non-Performing Assets: A Brunt on
Financial Performance of Banks” AFBE JOURNAL Volume 5, No. 2, December, 2012
ISSN 2071-7873
P.Malyadri, Sirisha,* , (June 2012) “Asset Quality and Non Performing Assets of Indian
Commercial Banks” Advances in Asian Social Science 224Vol. 1, No. 2 Copyright
©World Science Publisher, United States
“RBI issue of trends and progress of banking sector in india” for last 10 year data.
Shahbaz Haneef*, Tabassum Riaz Muhammad Ramzan Mansoor Ali Rana Hafiz
Muhammad Ishaq Yasir Karim , Pakistan, (April 2012) “ Impact of Risk Management
on Non-Performing Loans and Profitability of Banking Sector of Pakistan”
International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 7;
Siraj. K.K, Prof. (Dr). P. Sudarsanan Pillai, “A Study on the Performance of NonPerforming Assets (NPAs) of Indian Banking During Post Millennium Period”
International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow Vol. 2 No. 3

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