During my study @ university of sindh, (P.A) that presentation was assigned to meeeeeeeeeeeee.... 14/09/2014

1. Effect of smuggling on world wide trade,
regional development of Afghanistan
By: Pradeep—2k11/PA/51
UnIVERSITY OF SINDH
03322086145

2. SMUGGLING
Running main aspects:
* Drugs
* Cigarette Smuggling
* Alcohol Fuel
* Armor Gun Money
* Cultural Property
* Wildlife Trafficking

3. Opium production in Afghanistan
Afghanistan has been the greatest illicit opium producer in the entire
world, Afghanistan has been on the rise since U.S. occupation started in
2001. Based on UNODC data, there has been more opium poppy
cultivation in each of the past four growing seasons (2004–2007),
In 2007, 92% of the non-pharmaceutical-grade opiates on the world
market originated in Afghanistan. This amounts to an export value of
about $4 billion, with a quarter being earned by opium farmers and the
rest going to district officials, insurgents, warlords, and drug traffickers.

4. on-year fluctuations, opium production in
Afghanistan

5. Drug trafficking and impact around the
world
." According to UNODC estimates bulk of Afghanistan's opium production
goes to Iran either for consumption or for on-ward export to other
countries in the region and Europe. Iran currently has the largest
prevalence of opiate consumption in its population globally.
According to EU agencies, Afghanistan has been Europe’s main
heroin supplier for more than 10 years.
Presently with the resurgence of high output production of opium
and heroin in post-Taliban Afghanistan, there is an ongoing heroin
addiction epidemic in Russia which is claiming 30,000 lives each
year, mostly among young people. There were two and half million
heroin addicts in Russia by 2009.

6. Flow of heroin

7. “According to Afghanistan’s official statistics, legally imported goods from
Pakistan are worth $2.1 billion annually, while smuggled goods into
Afghanistan makes up to $300 million annually.”
Meanwhile, according to the tradesman, it is estimated that up to
$550-600 million worth of goods are smuggled into Pakistan from
Afghanistan annually

8. ISLAMABAD - The Khyber Pass, being an integral part of the Silk Road, has
historically been an important pathway between the sub-continent and
Afghanistan. This pass, among other routes between Afghanistan and
Pakistan, has thus proven to be of great use for smugglers moving goods in
and out of Pakistan and Afghanistan.

9. According to Petroleum Ministry officials, as much as Rs 22 billion
petroleum products are being smuggled from neighbouring Iran and
Afghanistan to Pakistan, which has reached at their peak now-a-days
due to high prices of the products in the local market, causing hefty
losses to national kitty.
Tanvir Khan, an auto parts and vehicles trader based in Quetta,
revealed that annually he is selling about 1,000 vehicles, which he
brings from Chamman, Pakistan's border city with Afghanistan. He
added that an estimated 50,000 different vehicles are being
smuggled into the country from Afghanistan per annum.

10. Afghanistan Arms Smuggling
The recent large-scale transfer of arms to Afghanistan from Central Asia
and its distribution across the country is a bigger threat to the
stability of the country as these arms may be used in future civil war
against ethnic rivals. From Northern Afghanistan, these weapons are
further transferred to Pakistan via Hindu Kush mountainous regions.
Read more:
http://outlookafghanistan.net/topics.php?post_id=970#ixzz3DBMOx
d3A

11. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SMUGGLING
LOSS OF REVENUE
Smuggling is an act of tax evasion which deprives government of revenue
for public expenditure.
DISTORATION OF MARKET PRICES
Goods which are smuggled into the country are often sold a lot cheaper
than goods brought onto market through the right procedures.
Smuggling therefore deprives traders of free competition.
COLLAPSE OF LOCAL INDUSTRIES
A country achieves better economic growth by developing its own
industrial base. Smuggling under-cuts prices of the locally manufactured
goods thus destroying the market for local products. This leads to
collapse of local indust

12. Smuggling very harms the economy of a country in different ways. It
weak the local industry, discourages legal imports and reduces the
volume of revenues collected from duties and levies by the state.
A major proportion of the revenue to be collected by the Government is
being lost.