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Y BHATT
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT,
1947
Y BHATT
I. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
CERTAIN IMPORTANT TERMS UNDER THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT
AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE.
a) APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT [Sn.2(a)]
UNDER THE ID ACT SOME INDUSTRIES FALL UNDER THE CENTRAL
LABOUR MACHINERY AND SOME OTHERS FALL UNDER THE STATE LABOUR
MACHINERY.
SN 2(a) HELPS US TO DETERMINE UNDER WHOSE JURISDICTION A
PARTICULAR INDUSTRY FALLS AND WHETHER THE STATE/CENTRAL RULES WILL
APPLY.
b) INDUSTRY [Sn.2(j)]
THE ID ACT IS NOT APPLICABLE TO ALL KINDS OF ESTABLISHMENTS. IT
IS APPLICABLE ONLY TO ESTABLISHMENTS SATISFYING THE DEFINITION OF THE
TERM 'INDUSTRY' (AS DECIDED IN SEVERAL JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS).
THE 1984 AMENDED DEFINITION NOW APPEARING IN Sn.2(j) IS YET TO
BE BROUGHT INTO FORCE AND THE OLD DEFINITION IS STILL IN VOGUE.
Y BHATT
c) WORKMAN [(Sn.2(s)]
ALL EMPLOYEES IN AN ESTABLISHMENT ARE NOT 'WORKMEN'
UNDER THE ID ACT. ONLY EMPLOYEES DOING ANY MANUAL, UNSKILLED,
SKILLED, TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL, CLERICAL (IRRESPECTIVE OF
WHETHER THEIR WAGES IS ABOVE Rs.1600/- PER MONTH OR NOT) AND SUCH
OF THE SUPERVISORS DRAWING WAGES BELOW Rs.1600/- PM (SEE
DEFINITION OF WAGES IN Sn.2(rr). IT ALSO INCLUDES DISMISSED WORKMEN
FALLING UNDER THE ABOVE CATEGORIES.
HOWEVER MANAGERIAL STAFF ARE TOTALLY EXCLUDED
IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR SALARY. [THE TEST OF DETERMINING WHO IS A
'WORKMAN' WAS PRONOUNCED IN A RECENT SUPREME COURT JUDGEMENT
IN SANDOZ LTD CASE REPORTED IN 1994 II LLN 1017)
d) WAGES [Sn.2(rr)]
WAGES WILL INCLUDE BASIC, DA, VALUE OF HOUSE
ACCOMMODATION, OTHER AMENITIES, TRAVELLING CONCESSION,
COMMISSION PAYABLE AND OTHER REMUNERATION PAYABLE UNDER THE
CONTRACT, BUT EXCLUDES THE FOLLOWING : ANY BONUS AND
RETIREMENT BENEFITS LIKE EPF/GRATUITY
Y BHATT
II WHAT AMOUNTS TO INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE
EXTENT AND SCOPE OF THE TERM 'INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE' UNDER
THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT 1947.
PROVISIONS SECTIONS 2(k),2(ka),2(j),2(s),2(A),2(rr).
a) WHAT ARE THE INGREDIENTS OF AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE
[Sn.2(k)] ?
i) DISPUTE MUST BE IN AN ESTABLISHMENT SATISFYING
THE DEFINITION OF 'INDUSTRY' IN SECTIONS 2(ka) & 2 (j).
(NOTE : THE NEW DEFINITION OF 2(j) HAS NOT BEEN
BROUGHT INTO FORCE YET).
ii) DISPUTE MUST BE BETWEEN :
- EMPLOYER Vs EMPLOYER
- EMPLOYER Vs WORKMEN
- WORKMEN Vs WORKMEN
Y BHATT
iii THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE DISPUTE MUST BE :
- CONNECTED WITH EMPLOYMENT OR NON-EMPLOYMENT
- CONNECTED WITH TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT
- CONNECTED WITH CONDITIONS OF LABOUR
iv OF 'ANY PERSON' - PROVIDED THAT PERSON HAS A NEXUS WITH
THE INDUSTRY
v DISPUTE MUST BE RAISED BY WORKMEN : BY UNION, OR A
GROUP OF WORKMEN.
b) CAN ALL EMPLOYEES IN AN INDUSTRY RAISE AN INDUSTRIAL
DISPUTE [Sn.2(s),2(k)]?
ANSWER IS NO.
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE CAN BE RAISED ONLY BY EMPLOYEES
SATISFYING THE DEFINITION OF 'WORKMAN' IN SECTION 2(s).
THOSE NOT SATISFYING THE DEFINITION OF WORKMAN CANNOT
RAISE A DISPUTE UNDER ID ACT.
Y BHATT
c) WHAT CATEGORY OF EMPLOYEES WOULD FALL UNDER THE
DEFINITION OF 'WORKMAN' UNDER SECTION 2(s) ?
ANY PERSON IN AN 'INDUSTRY' (INCLUDING AN APPRENTICE)
EMPLOYED ON MANUAL, UNSKILLED, SKILLED, TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL
JOBS PLUS THOSE SUPERVISORY STAFF DRAWING 'WAGES' BELOW
Rs.1600 PM AS PER DEFINITION OF WAGES IN Sn.2(rr).
NOTE :
- ALL MANAGERIAL STAFF ARE EXCLUDED IRRESPECTIVE
OF THEIR SALARY
- MEMBERS OF SUPERVISORY STAFF WILL BE EXCLUDED
ONLY IF THEY ARE DRAWING WAGES ABOVE Rs.1600 PM
- WORKMEN WHO WERE TERMINATED COULD CONTINUE TO
CLAIM STATUS OF WORKMEN FOR PURSUING THEIR
DISPUTES
- THE WAGES OF SUPERVISORY STAFF SHOULD BE
COMPUTED AS PER DEFINITION OF 'WAGES' IN SECTION 2(rr).
Y BHATT
d) CAN ONLY A MAJORITY OF WORKMEN IN AN INDUSTRY RAISE A
DISPUTE ?
IT IS NOT NECESSARY THAT A MAJORITY OF WORKMEN SHOULD
SUPPORT THE RAISING OF THE DISPUTE. IT IS ENOUGH IF A SUBSTANTIAL
NUMBER BACK THE RAISING OF THE DISPUTE. WHILE A UNION CAN RAISE
A DISPUTE, IT IS NOT NECESSARY THAT ONLY A UNION CAN RAISE A
DISPUTE. A SINGLE WORKMAN CANNOT NORMALLY RAISE DISPUTE.
e) WHEN CAN AN INDIVIDUAL WORKMEN RAISE A DISPUTE (i.e. EVEN
WITHOUT THE SUPPORT OF OTHER WORKMEN) ?
NORMALLY ONLY COLLECTIVE DISPUTES (DISPUTES RAISED BY A
GROUP OF WORKMEN CAN BE TAKEN UP AS INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES). AN
INDIVIDUAL WORKMAN CAN RAISE A DISPUTE IF IT FALLS UNDER THE
EXCEPTIONAL CASES LISTED IN SECTION 2 A: CASES OF DISMISSAL /
DISCHARGE / RETRENCHMENT / TERMINATION ONLY. FOR NON-TERMI-
NATION ISSUES (LIKE PROMOTION / TRANSFER / PUNISHMENTS NOT
AMOUNTING TO TERMINATION) INDIVIDUAL WORKMAN CANNOT RAISE A
DISPUTE IF THERE ARE NO OTHER WORKMEN SUPPORTING HIS CASE.
Y BHATT
f) CAN WORKMEN RAISE AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE PERTAINING TO
NON-WORKMEN ?
ANSWER IS 'YES' - THEY CAN AS PER SECTION 2(k) RAISE AN INDUSTRIAL
DISPUTE REGARDING 'ANY PERSON' IF IT CAN BE SHOWN THAT 'THAT
PERSON' HAS A NEXUS WITH THEIR INDUSTRY (THEY COULD THEREFORE
RAISE DISPUTES DEMANDING BENEFITS OR REINSTATEMENT OF
DISMISSED MANAGERS / SUPERVISORS).
g) HOW CAN AN INDIVIDUAL WORKMAN REDRESS HIS DISPUTE ?
HE SHOULD GET OTHER WORKMEN / UNION TO SPONSOR IT TO MAKE IT
AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE UNDER Sn.2(k). IF IT IS A TERMINATION CASE HE
CAN RAISE IT HIMSELF UNDER Sn.2(A).
Y BHATT
III FUNCTIONING OF DISPUTE SETTLING MACHINERIES
a) ALL ABOUT CONCILIATION
i) WHAT TYPE OF CONCILIATION MACHINERY EXIST UNDER
THE ID ACT ?
CONCILIATION BY AN OFFICER [Sn.4 & 2(d)] AND A BOARD (AN AD-
HOC BOARD CONSISTING OF AN INDEPENDENT CHAIRMAN AND
EQUAL NUMBER OF WORKMEN AND EMPLOYER
REPRESENTATIVES) [Sn.5 & 2(e)].
[THIS IS NOT A PERMANENT BODY, SET UP ONLY FOR A
PARTICULAR DISPUTE AND THE BOARD WILL STAND DISSOLVED
WHEN THE ISSUE IS SETTLED].
Y BHATT
ii) WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF A CONCILIATION OFFICER ?
AS PER Sn.12 (1) AND RULE 9(1) WHEN A STRIKE / LOCKOUT NOTICE IS
ISSUED UNDER RULE 71/72 IN A PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE, HE IS BOUND TO
IMMEDIATELY CONVENE A CONCILIATION MEETING.
AS PER Sn.12(1) AND RULES 9(2) & 10, IN NON PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE OR
IN NON-STRIKE DISPUTES IN PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE HE IS NOT BOUND,
BUT MAY HOLD CONCILIATION MEETINGS. HE WILL HOWEVER HOLD
ORDINARY JOINT MEETINGS WHICH WOULD NOT BE COUNTED AS
CONCILIATION MEETINGS.
HE WILL TRY TO PERSUADE THE PARTIES TO RESOLVE THE DISPUTES AS
PER RULES 10A, 11, 12 AND 13.
Y BHATT
IF HE SUCCEEDS IN BRINGING ABOUT AN UNDERSTANDING, HE GETS
THE PARTIES TO SIGN A SETTLEMENT IN FORM-H AS PER Sn.12(3), 18(3)
AND RULE-58. AS PER RULE 75, HE HAS TO MAINTAIN A REGISTER IN FORM-
O, GIVING THE DETAILS OF THE SETTLEMENTS SIGNED BY HIM. IF HE FAILS
TO BRING ABOUT A SETTLEMENT, AS PER Sn.12(4) HE HAS TO INFORM THE
GOVERNMENT AND THIS IS CALLED A FAILURE REPORT. BEFORE SENDING
THE FAILURE REPORT HE SHOULD ASK THE DISPUTING PARTIES WHETHER
THEY WOULD LIKE THE DISPUTE TO BE SENT FOR ARBITRATION. AS PER
SN.12(6) HE IS EXPECTED TO CLOSE THE CONCILIATION PROCEEDINGS
WITHIN 14 DAYS BUT WITH THE CONSENT OF THE PARTIES HE CAN KEEP
THE CONCILIATION PROCESS GOING FOR A LONGER DURATION. WHEN
NOTICE OF CHANGE IS ISSUED UNDER Sn.9A HE IS OBLIGED TO HOLD
MEETINGS TO RESOLVE THE DISPUTE. WHEN APPROVAL/PERMISSION
APPLICATIONS ARE FILED UNDER Sn.33/33A HE IS REQUIRED TO PASS
APPROPRIATE ORDERS.
NOTE : UNLIKE IN ARBITRATION/ADJUDICATION PROCEEDINGS, A
CONCILIATION OFFICER HAS NO POWER TO ENFORCE HIS DECISION ON
THE PARTIES. HE CAN ONLY TRY TO PERSUADE THE PARTIES TO ACCEPT
HIS SUGGESTION.
Y BHATT
iii) WHAT ARE THE POWERS OF A CONCILIATION OFFICER ?
AS PER Sn.11(1) AND RULE 23, HE CAN ENTER AND INSPECT
ANY ESTABLISHMENT. AS PER Sn.11(4) AND RULE 17 HE CAN SUMMON
ANY PERSON AS WITNESS OR COMPEL THE PRODUCTION OF
DOCUMENTS HAVING RELEVANCE TO THE DISPUTE. AS PER
Sn.33/33A AND RULES 59, 60, 61 HE CAN GRANT/REFUSE
APPROVAL/PERMISSION TO PETITIONS FILED BY EMPLOYER ON
DISCIPLINARY MATTERS DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION
BEFORE HIM.
iv) SUMMARY OF SECTIONS
SECTIONS 2(d), 2(e), 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 18(3), 20, 33, 33A
RULES 9, 10, 10A, 11, 12, 13, 17, 23, 58, 59, 60, 61
FORM-H
Y BHATT
b) ALL ABOUT ADJUDICATION
i) WHAT IS MEANT BY ADJUDICATION ?
ADJUDICATION IS A JUDICIAL (DECISION MAKING) PROCESS FOR
SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES [Sn.2(aa)].
ii) WHAT ARE THE ADJUDICATING BODIES UNDER THE ID ACT ?
LABOUR COURTS [Sn.2(kkb), 7, Sch.II]
TRIBUNALS [Sn.2(r), 7A, Sch.III]
NATIONAL TRIBUNALS [Sn.2(11), 7B, Sch.III]
Y BHATT
iii) CAN PARTIES (EMPLOYER OR WORKMEN) APPROACH THE
ADJUDICATING BODIES DIRECTLY FOR DISPUTE SETTLEMENT ?
UNLIKE IN THE CIVIL COURTS, PARTIES CANNOT APPROACH THE
LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL DIRECTLY.
DISPUTES CAN BE TAKEN UP BY LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL
TRIBUNAL ONLY IF THEY ARE REFERRED TO THEM BY THE GOVERNMENT.
GOVERNMENT CAN REFER THE DISPUTES AFTER RECEIPT OF THE
CONCILIATION FAILURE REPORT OR WHEN THE PARTIES REQUEST THE
GOVERNMENT TO MAKE A REFERENCE [Sn.10(1), 10(1A), 10(2), 10(6),
12(4), 12(5), 12(6)].
iv WHEN DOES ADJUDICATION COMMENCE AND WHEN DOES IT END ?
ADJUDICATION PROCEEDINGS ARE DEEMED TO HAVE COMMENCED
FROM THE DATE THE GOVERNMENT REFERRED THE DISPUTE TO
LABOUR COURT/TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL.
IT IS DEEMED TO HAVE CONCLUDED ON THE DATE THE AWARD
BECOMES ENFORCEABLE AS PER Sn.17A [Sn.20(3)].
Y BHATT
v DUTIES OF LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL ?
TO HOLD ADJUDICATING PROCEEDINGS EXPEDITIOUSLY AND
SUBMIT THEIR REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE
PRESCRIBED TIME LIMIT [Sn.15, 10(2A), 16(2)].
TO CONFINE THE SCOPE OF THEIR JUDGEMENT TO THE POINTS
REFERRED TO THEM FOR DETERMINATION [Sn.10(4)].
vi WHAT ARE THE POWERS OF LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL
/NATIONAL TRIBUNAL ?
THEY CAN ENTER ANY ESTABLISHMENT FOR FACT FINDING
[Sn.11(2) AND R.23] CAN ENFORCE ATTENDANCE OF ANY PERSON
AND PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS HAVING BEARING
ON THE DISPUTE [Sn.11(3), R-10A, 10B]. EMPOWERED TO
ADMINISTER OATHS AND ISSUE SUMMONS TO PARTIES /
WITNESSES [R-16, 17, 18]. CAN APPOINT ASSESSORS TO ASSIST
THEM [Sn.11(5), R-25]. CAN EXERCISE POWERS OF 'PUBLIC SERVANTS'
UNDER Sn.21 OF IPC [Sn.11(6)] CAN PASS ORDERS ON AWARDING COSTS
TO THE AGGTRIEVED PARTY
Y BHATT
[Sn.11(7)] CAN EXERCISE POWERS OF CIVIL COURTS FOR PURPOSES
OFSn.345, 346, 348 OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE OF 1973 [Sn.11(8)]. HAS
POWERS TO REVIEW DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENT ORDERS ISSUED BY
MANAGEMENT AND CAN REDUCE/SUBSTITUTE PUNISHMENTS OR ORDER
REINSTATEMENT WITH/WITHOUT BACK WAGES [Sn.11(A)]. HAS POWERS TO
GRANT / REFUSE APPROVAL / PERMISSION PETITIONS FILED UNDER Sn.33
[Sn.33A] CAN PASS ORDERS ON MONEY CLAIM PETITIONS FILED BY WORKMEN
AGAINST EMPLOYERS [Sn.33C(2)].
vii PROCEDURE FOR ENFORCING ADJUDICATION AWARDS
DECISIONS GIVEN BY LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL
ARE CALLED AWARDS [Sn.2(b)]. AWARDS ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE
DIRECTLY. THE LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL CAN ONLY SEND
THEIR FINDINGS TO THE GOVERNMENT AND CANNOT ANNOUNCE THEM DIRECTLY.
[Sn.15] AFTER RECEIPT OF THE REPORT, THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT
WOULD DECIDE WHETHER TO ACCEPT / MODIFY / WITH-HOLD THE REPORT -
THE GOVERNMENT HAS TO ANNOUNCE THEIR DECISION THROUGH THE
GAZETTE WITHIN 30 DAYS OF RECEIPT OF THE REPORT [Sn.17, 17A]. THE
GOVERNMENT ORDER ON THE ADJUDICATION DECISION BECOMES
ENFORCEABLE ON THE EXPIRY OF 30 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE
GAZETTE NOTIFICAITON [Sn.17A].
Y BHATT
viii FOR WHAT DURATION IS THE ADJUDICATION AWARD VALID ?
AN ADJUDICATION AWARD (AS PUBLISHED BY GOVERNMENT) SHALL BE
IN OPERATION FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE IT BECOMES
ENFORCEABLE UNDER 17A [Sn.19(3)]. GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO
REDUCE THE VALIDITY PERIOD OR EVEN EXTEND THE VALIDITY PERIOD
BY ONE YEAR AT A TIME SUBJECT TO THE TOTAL DURATION NOT
EXCEEDING THREE YEARS [Sn.17A,19(3)].
EVEN AFTER THE NORMAL / EXTENDED PERIOD OF OPERATION, THE
TERMS OF THE AWARD SHALL CONTINUE TO BE IN FORCE UNTIL ONE OF
THE PARTIES SERVES A FORMAL NOTICE OF TERMINATION [Sn.19(5), 19(6),
19(7)].
ix ON WHOM ARE THE AWARDS BINDING ?
IT IS BINDING ON ALL PARTIES TO THE DISPUTE. IT IS ALSO BINDING ON
ALL OTHER PARTIES SUMMONED TO APPEAR IN THE PROCEEDINGS TO
THE DISPUTE. ON THE EMPLOYER, HIS HEIRS,ASSIGNS ANDSUCCESSORS.
ON WORKMEN CURRENTLY EMPLOYED AND WHO SUBSEQUENTLY GET
EMPLOYED IN THE ESTABLISHMENTS [Sn.18(3)].
Y BHATT
c) ALL ABOUT ARBITRATION
i) WHAT IS MEANT BY ARBITRATION ?
IT IS A DISPUTE RESOLVING PROCESS THROUGH AN
UMPIRE SELECTED BY THE DISPUTING PARTIES.
ii) HOW DOES ARBITRATION DIFFER FROM ADJUDICATION
AND CONCILIATION ?
WHILE THE PRESIDING OFFICERS OF CONCILIATION AND
ADJUDICATION PROCEEDINGS ARE FULL TIME OFFICERS
APPOINTED BY GOVERNMENT, ARBITRATORS ARE ADHOC
UMPIRES APPOINTED BY THE DISPUTANTS.
WHILE THE CONCILIATION OFFICER HAS NO POWER TO IMPOSE
HIS DECISION ON THE PARTIES, AN ARBITRATOR HAS AUTHORITY
TO GIVE AN ORDER WHICH CANNOT BE CHALLENGED BY THE
PARTIES.ADJUDICATORS GET THEIR POWER FROM STATUTE ,
ARBITRATORS ACQUIRE THEIR POWR FROM THE CONSENT OF THE
PARTIES.
Y BHATT
iii) TYPES OF ARBITRATION
ID ACT CONTEMPLATES TWO TYPES OF ARBITRATION, ONE UNDER
SECTION 10(2) TO A LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL AND THE SECOND
TYPE UNDER 10A TO ANY OTHER ARBITRATOR INCLUDING TO
LABOUR COURTS OR TRIBUNALS.
iv) HOW IS ARBITRATION PROCESS INITIATED [Sn.10(2)+10A] ?
WHEN CONCILIATION FAILS, BEFORE SENDING THE FAILURE
REPORT, THE CONCILIATION OFFICER ASKS THE PARTIES IF THEY
WISH TO SEND THE DISPUTE FOR ARBITRATION. IF PARTIES DESIRE
SO, THEY MUST SIGN AN ARBITRATION AGREEMENT IN FORM-C UNDER
RULE 7 AND SEND IT TO THE GOVERNMENT. GOVERNMENT WILL THEN
NOTIFY HIM AS AN ARBITRATOR
v) AWARDS OF ARBITRATORS
ARBITRATORS HEAR THE PLEADINGS OF BOTH PARTIES AND
SUBMIT THEIR ORDERS TO THE GOVERNMENT WHO PROCESSES IT
LIKE AN ADJUDICATION AWARD AND IT IS IMPLEMENTED LIKE AN
ADJUDICATION AWARD.
Y BHATT
IV PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
a) WHAT IS MEANT BY PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS [Sn.20] ?
i) THE PERIOD FROM WHICH CONCILIATION / ADJUDICATION / ARBITRATION
PROCEEDINGS COMMENCES AND CONCLUDES UNDER Sn.20 IS CALLED
PERIOD OF PENDENCY.
ii) WHEN IS CONCILIATION DEEMED TO BE PENDING -
COMMENCEMENT AND CONCLUSION [Sn.20(1)(2)(a,b)] ?
COMMENCEMENT :
WHEN NOTICE OF STRIKE/LOCKOUT IN PUBLIC UTILITY INDUSTRIES UNDER
Sn.22 IS RECEIVED BY THE CONCILIATION OFFICER OR ON THE DATE THE
DISPUTE IS REFERRED TO THE CONCILIATION BOARD AND IN OTHER CASES
WHEN THE CONCILIATION OFFICER ISSUES NOTICE OF CONCILIATION.
CONCLUSION :
IT CONCLUDES WHEN A SETTLEMENT IS SIGNED BY THE PARTIES. IF THERE
IS NO SETTLEMENT WHEN THE FAILURE REPORT OF THE CONCILIATION
OFFICER IS RECEIVED BY THE GOVERNMENT.
Y BHATT
iii) WHEN IS ADJUDICATION /ARBITRATION DEEMED TO BE PENDING
[Sn.20(2)(C)20(3) & 17] ?
COMMENCEMENT :
ADJUDICATION / ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS ARE DEEMED TO
COMMENCE ON THE DATE WHEN THE GOVERNMENT REFERS
THE DISPUTE TO LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL
OR ARBITRATOR UNDER SECTION 10 OR 10 A AS THE CASE MAY BE.
CONCLUSION :
ADJUDICATION / ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS ARE DEEMED TO
HAVE CONCLUDED ON THE DATE ON WHICH THEIR AWARDS BECOME
ENFORCEABLE UNDER SECTION 17 A, i.e. AFTER 30 DAYS OF THE
PUBLICATION OF THE AWARD IN THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE.
Y BHATT
b) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON STRIKES / LOCKOUTS
i) WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO KNOW THE PERIOD OF PENDENCY OF
PROCEEDINGS ?
AS PER SECTION 22(d) ANY STRIKE / LOCKOUT IN A PUBLIC
UTILITY INDUSTRY DURING THE PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION AND
SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER WOULD BE ILLEGAL [(Sn.22(d)].
ANY STRIKE / LOCKOUT IN A NON-PUBLIC UTILITY AS WELL AS
PUBLIC UTILITY DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION BEFORE A
BOARD AND SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER WOULD BE ILLEGAL [Sn.23(a)].
ANY STRIKE/LOCK OUT DURING THE PENDENCY OFADJUDICATION
/ARBITRATION PROCEEDING AND TWO MONTHS THEREAFTER
WOULD BE ILLEGAL IN BOTH PUBLIC AND NON- PUBLIC UTILITY
INDUSTRIES [Sn.23(b), 23(bb)].
Y BHATT
c) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON EMPLOYER'S RIGHT TO ALTER SERVICE
CONDITIONS
i) WHILE EMPLOYERS ARE ENTITLED TO ALTER THE SERVICE
CONDITIONS / TAKE DISCIPLINARY ACTION IN TERMS OF THEIR STANDING
ORDERS DURING NORMAL TIMES; SOME RESTRICTIONS ARE
PLACED ON THESE RIGHTS DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS
LIKE CONCILIATION, ARBITRATION AND ADJUDICATION.
ii) AS PER Sn.33(1)(a) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINS, ANY
ALTERATION OF ANY MATTER CONNECTED WITH THE DISPUTE CAN BE
MADE ONLY WITH EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORITY
BEFORE WHOM THE DISPUTE IS PENDING [APPLY IN FORM-J UNDER
RULE 60(1)[Sn.33(1)(a), R-60(1),F-J]
iii) AS PER Sn.33(2)(a), EVEN DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS NO
PERMISSION IS REQUIRED FOR ALTERING ANY MATTER NOT
CONNECTED WITH THE DISPUTE IF THE STANDING ORDERS OR CONTRACT
OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE CONCERNED WORKMEN ALLOW THE
EMPLOYER TO MAKE SUCH ALTERATION [Sn.33(2)(a)].
Y BHATT
d) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON EMPLOYER'S RIGHT TO TAKE
DISCIPLINARY ACTION
i) AS PER Sn.33(1)(b) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS
ANY DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENT FOR A MISCONDUCT CONNECTED WITH
THE DISPUTE CAN BE TAKEN ONLY AFTER OBTAINING EXPRESS
WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORITY BEFORE WHOM THE
DISPUTE IS PENDING [APPLY IN FORM-J UNDER RULE 60(1)].
ii) AS PER Sn.33(2)(b) IF THE MISCONDUCT IS NOT CONNECTED
WITH THE PENDING DISPUTE NO PRIOR PERMISSION FOR
DISMISSING OR DISCHARGING IS REQUIRED BUT RATIFICATION OR
APPROVAL IS TO BE TAKEN FROM THE AUTHORITY AFTER THE
TERMINATION ORDER IS ISSUED.
iii) WHILE ISSUING THE TERMINATION ORDER ONE FULL MONTH'S
WAGES (WITHOUT ANY DEDUCTIONS) SHOULD ALSO BE PAID AND AN
APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL IN FORM-K UNDER RULE 60(2) SHOULD
ALSO BE SUBMITTED TO THE AUTHORITY ON THE VERY
SAME DAY OF ISSUE OF THE TERMINATION ORDER [Sn.33(2)(b), R-
60(2),F-K].
Y BHATT
NOTE : IF APPROVAL IS REFUSED THE WORKMAN WILL HAVE
TO BE REINSTATED WITH BACK WAGES.
e) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON TAKING ACTION AGAINST
'PROTECTED WORKMEN'
AS PER Sn.33(3) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS, TRADE
UNION OFFICE BEARERS WHO QUALIFY FOR THE STATUS OF
'PROTECTED WORKMEN' UNDER RULE 61 SHOULD NOT BE PUNISHED
OR TERMINATED WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM THE AUTHORITY CONCERNED [AN APPLICATION FOR
PERMISSION UNDER RULE 60(1) IS TO BE MADE IN FORM-J] [Sn.33(3), R-
60(1),F-J].
Y BHATT
f) WORKMEN'S MODE OF SEEKING RELIEF FOR EMPLOYERS
VIOLATION OF SECTION-33
i) IF DURING THE PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS THE EMPLOYER HAS
ALTERTED THE SERVICE CONDITIONS VIOLATING Sn.33(1)(a) OR
33(2)(a) OR PUNISHED A WORKMAN IN VIOLATION OF Sn.33(1)(b) OR
33(2)(b) OR PUNISHED A PROTECTED WORKMAN (OFFICE BEARER) IN
VIOLATION OF SECTION 33(3), THE AGGRIEVED WORKMAN CAN FILE A
COMPLAINT TO THE AUTHORITY IN FORM-I UNDER RULE 59 AND Sn.33A
[Sn.33(A), R-59,F-I].
ii) THE AUTHORITY CONCERNED WILL MAKE AN ENQUIRY AND
AFTER HEARING THE PARTIES WILL PASS APPROPRIATE ORDERS
GRANTING OR REFUSING APPROVAL OR PERMISSION AS THE CASE
MAY BE [Sn.33A].
Y BHATT
NOTE :
1 IF APPROVAL IS REFUSED WORKMAN HAS TO BE
REINSTATED
2 WHEN PERMISSION IS REQUIRED, ACTION BY EMPLOYER CAN BE
ONLY AFTER GETTING WRITTEN PERMISSION
3 EVEN IF APPROVAL/PERMISSION IS GRANTED UNDER Sn.33A, THE
WORKMAN IS NOT BARRED FROM CHALLEGING THE ACTION AND
RAISING A DISPUTE FOR REINSTATEMENT UNDER SECTION 2(K) OR
2(A).
Y BHATT
SIGNIFICANCE OF SECTION 33 OF THE I.D.ACT 1947
I SIGNIFICANCE
OF SECTION 33
- IT PLACES CERTAIN
TEMPORARY
RESTRICTIONS ON
EMPLOYERS RIGHT
TO:
MAKE CHANGES IN SERVICE
CONDITONS OF WORKMEN
TO AWARD PUNISHMENT OF
DISMISSAL/DISCHARGE ON ANY
WORKMAN
TO IMPOSE ANY KIND OF
PUNISHMENT ON UNION OFFICE
BEARERS TREATED AS ‘PROTECTED
WORKMEN’
II ARE THESE
RESTRICTIONS
ALWAYS
APPLICABLE ?
- NO. [THERE ARE NO
RESTRICTIONS IF NO
PROCEEDING IS
PENDING [Sn 33(1)]
Y BHATT
III THEN WHEN ARE
THEY
APPLICABLE ?
- IT APPLIES ONLY
DURING ‘THE PERIOD
OF PENDENCY OF
ANY ONE OF THE
FOLLOWING
PROCEEDINGS:
-
-
-
CONCILIATION
ADJUDICATION
ARBITRATION
[Sn 33(1)]
IV WHAT IS MEANT
BY ‘PERIOD OF
PENDENCY’ ?
-
 
 
-
CONCILIATION IS DEEMED TO COMMENCE AND
CONCLUDE WHEN CONTINGENCIES MENTIONED IN
SECTION 20(1) 20(2) ARE SATISFIED
 
SIMILARLY ‘ADJUDICATION’ & ‘ARBITRATION’ ARE
DEEMED TO COMMENCE & CONCLUDE WHEN
CONTINGENCIES MENTIONED IN SECTION 20(3) IS
SATISFIED.
 
Note: THE INTERVENING PERIOD IS CALLED THE
PERIOD OF PENDENCY
Y BHATT
V WHAT IS THE NATURE OF RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED
CONTINGENCY TAKE PRIOR WRITTEN
PERMISSION
TAKE POST FACTO APPROVAL
ALTERATION OF SERVICE CONDITIONS
A WHEN EMPLOYER WANTS
TO ALTER A MATTER/
SERVICE CONDITION WHICH
IS THE SUBJECT MATTER
OF THE DISPUTE
ACTION ONLY AFTER
GETTING PRIOR
WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM AUTHORITY
NA
B WHEN SERVICE
CONDITIONS / ANY OTHER
MATTER NOT CONNECTED
WITH THE PENDING
DISPUTE ARE TO BE
ALTERED IN CASE OF
PERSONS CONCERNED IN
THE DISPUTE [Sn 33(2)(a)]
 
 
NA
NO PERMISSION OR
APPROVAL IS REQUIRED IF
THE ACTION IS AS PER
APPLICABLE STANDING
ORDER PROVISIONS OR
PREVAILING SERVICE
RULES.
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PROTECTED WORKMEN
PUNISHING ‘PROTECTED
WORKMEN’
[Sn 33(3), R-62]
ANY KIND OF
PUNISHMENT TO
‘PROTECTED
WORKMEN’ MUST BE
GIVEN ONLY AFTER
APPLYING AND
GETTING WRITTEN
PERMISSION
IF NOT A ‘PROTECTED
WORKMAN’ FILE
APPROVAL PETITION
(ONLY FOR
TERMINATION CASES)
VI WHERE TO FILE
APPROVAL /PERMISSION
APPLICATIONS
PERMISSION OR APPROVAL APPLICATIONS TO
BE FILED BEFORE THE DISPUTE PENDING
AUTHORITY
IF DISPUTE PENDING BEFORE MORE THAN ONE
AUTHROTITY – EMPLOYER CAN CHOOSE ANY
ONE OF THEM
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VII IS THERE ANY SPECIFIC
FORMAT
SEE THE APPLICABLE STATE RULES
IN KERALA THE APPLICABLE RULE & FORMAT ARE AS
FOLLOWS:
CONTINGENCY RULE NO. IN FORM NO.
FOR PERMISSION
PETITIONS
61(1) & (3) (4) &
(5)
J
FOR APPROVAL
PETITIONS
61(2) (3) (4) & (5) K
VIII WHAT CAN A WORKMAN
DO WHEN EMPLOYER
DOES NOT COMPLY WITH
SECTION 33
AS PER SECTION 33(A) AND RULE 60 (1) (2) (3) (4) HE CAN
FILE A COMPLAINT TO THE AUTHORITY BEFORE WHOM
PROCEEDING IS PENDING
IX CONSEQUENCES OF
APPROVALS NOT BEING
GRANTED
THE WORKMAN HAS TO BE REINSTATED IN SERVICE AND
GIVEN FULL BACK PAY AND BENEFITS [Sn 33(A)]
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X GENERAL EVEN IF APPROVAL/PERMISSION IS GIVEN UNDER
SECTION 33, WORKMAN CAN RAISE A SEPARATE DISPUTE
CHALLENGING HIS DISMISSAL [Sn-2(A) & 11A]
EVEN IF NO APPLCATION FOR PERMISSION/APPROVAL IS
MADE, DISMISSAL/DISCIPLINARY ACTION WILL NOT BE
IPSO FACTO ILLEGAL. EMPLOYERS CAN STILL JUSTIFY
HIS ACTION WHEN CASE COMES UP BEFORE LABOUR
COURT.
EVEN IN PERMISSION CASES THE EMPLOYER CAN FILE
THE PERMISSION APPLCIATION AND PARALLALY PLACE
THE WORKMAN UNDER SUSPENSION PENDING ENQUIRY
PROVIDED HE IS PAID THE APPLICABLE SUBSISTENCE
ALLOWANCE TILL THE PERMISSION APPLICATION IS
DISPOSED OF.
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V LEGALITY AND ILLEGALITIES
a) PROVISIONS ON 'STRIKE & LOCKOUT'
PROVISIONS SECTIONS 2(q), 2(l), 2(n), 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,28
RULES 71, 72, 73, 74
FORMS L, M, N AND SCHEDULE I
i) INGREDIENTS OF STRIKE & LOCKOUTS
STRIKE [2(q)] BY WORKMEN
REFUSAL TO WORK OR ACCEPT EMPLOYMENT BY A BODY OF
PERSONS IN 'INDUSTRY' [2(j)] IF UNDER A COMMON UNDERSTANDING OR
ACTING IN CONCERT
LOCKOUT [2(l)] BY EMPLOYER TEMPORARY CLOSING OF PLACE
OF EMPLOYMENT, OR REFUSAL TO CONTINUE TO EMPLOY PERSONS
EMPLOYED BY AN EMPLOYER
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ii) IS NOTICE OF STRIKE/LOCKOUT MANDATORY
MANDATORY [2(n), SCH-I, 22(1), 22(2), 23(1)]:
IF INDUSTRY FALLS UNDER DEFINITION OF 'PUBLIC UTILITY
SERVICE' AS PER SECTION 2(n), SCH-I OR IF THE TERMS OF
EMPLOYMENT (APPOINTMENT LETTER) OR STANDING ORDER REQUIRES
GIVING OF NOTICE.
NON MANDATORY [22(3), 23(1)] :
IN NON-PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE, UNLESS STANDING ORDERS
OR APPOINTMENT ORDERS STIPULATES GIVING OF NOTICE,
OR IT IS IN RETALIATION FOR A STRIKE OR LOCKOUT.
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iii) WHEN WOULD STRIKES OR LOCKOUTS BE ILLEGAL
IN 'PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE' [22(1)& (2), 23, 30, 19] WHEN
STRIKE / LOCKOUT IS COMMENCED :
a) WITHOUT GIVING ATLEST 14 DAYS NOTICE
b) COMMENCED AFTER 42 DAYS OF NOTICE
c) PRIOR TO DATE INDICATED IN THE NOTICE
d) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE CONCILIATION
OFFICER/BOARD AND SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER
e) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE LABOUR
COURT / TRIBUNAL / ARBITRATORS AND TWO MONTHS THEREAFTER
f) DURING THE PERIOD WHEN A SETTLEMENT OR AWARD IS IN
OPERATION ON MATTERS COVERED
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IN NON-PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE [23, 20, 19] WHEN STRIKE / LOCKOUT IS
COMMENCED :
a) IN BREACH OF CONTRACT
b) DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION BEFORE A BOARD AND
SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER
c) DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION BEFORE LABOUR
COURT / TRIBUNAL / ARBITRATOR AND TWO MONTHS THEREAFTER
d) DURING THE PERIOD ON MATTERS COVERED WHEN A
SETTLEMENT OR AWARD IS IN OPERATION.
NOTE :
A STRIKE/LOCK OUT LEGALLY COMMENCED WOULD BECOME ILLEGAL IF
CONTINUED AFTER GOVERNMENT BANS IT UNDER SECTION 10(4A) AND 24
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iv) MANNER OF GIVING STRIKE/LOCKOUT NOTICE
STRIKE [22(4)]
NOTICE SHALL BE GIVEN IN FORM-L.
AS PRESCRIBED UNDER RULE 71 OF CENTRAL RULE OR
CORRESPONDING STATE RULE
LOCKOUT [22(5)].
NOTICE SHALL BE GIVEN IN FORM-M
AS PRESCRIBED UNDER RULE 72 OF CENTRAL RULE OR
CORRESPONDING STATE RULE.
v) DUTY OF EMPLOYER ON RECEIVING / GIVING NOTICE
ON RECEIVING STRIKE NOTICE / OR GIVING LOCKOUT NOTICE. [RULES 71,
72, 73, 74 AND Sn.22(3), 22(6)]. SHOULD INFORM THE APPROPRIATE
GOVERNMENT WITHIN FIVE DAYS OF RECEIPT OF NOTICE [22(6)] AND ALSO
FORTHWITH INFORM THE CONCILIATION OFFICER [RULE-71(2)]. LOCKOUT
NOTICE MUST BE DISPLAYED ON NOTICE BOARD AT THE ENTRANCE [RULE- 72].
A REPORT ON STRIKE / LOCKOUT SHOLD BE SENT IN FORM-N AS PER SECTION
22(3), RULES 73, 74.
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vi) CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL STRIKES / LOCKOUTS
ON WORKMEN
- ALL WORKMEN NO WAGES
- INSTIGATORS COULD BE PUNISHED/IMPRISONED UNDER
SECTIONS 26, 27, 28.
ON EMPLOYER
- WILL HAVE TO PAY WAGES AND CAN BE
PUNISHED/IMPRISONED UNDER SECTIONS 26, 27, 28.
ON ANY PERSON
- ANY PERSON EXTENDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FURTHER AN
ILLEGAL STRIKE OR LOCKOUT WOULD BE VIOLATING
SECTION 25.
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vii) ROLE OF CONCILIATION OFFICER WHEN STRIKE NOTICE IS
ISSUED [Sn.12(1)]
- HE MAY HOLD CONCILIATION MEETINGS IF NOTICE IS IN NON-
PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE.
- HE MUST HOLD CONCILIATION MEETINGS IF NOTICE IS IN
PUBLIC UTILITY INDUSTRY.
NOTE :
IN THE SYNDICATE BANK CASE [1994 II LLJ 836] SUPREME COURT
HELD THAT WORKMEN ON STRIKE WOULD BE ELIGIBLE TO CLAIM
WAGES ONLY IF THEY ESTABLISH THAT THEIR STRIKE WAS LEGAL
AND JUSTIFIED. IF IT WAS ONLY LEGAL BUT NOT JUSTIFIED, NO
WAGES IS PAYABLE.
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WHAT IS PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE & ITS SIGNIFICANCE
I SIGNIFICANCE
a) UNDER SECTION 2(n) OF THE ID ACT 1947 CERTAIN CATEGORY OF
INDUSTRIES HAVE BEEN DECLARED AS PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES.
b) AS PER SECTIONS 22 TO 24 MORE STRINGENT PROVISONS HAVE
BEEN PRESCRIBED FOR DECLARING LOCK OUTS (BY EMPLOYERS)
OR FOR ORGANISING STRIKES (BY WORKMEN) IN SUCH
INDUSTRIES.
II CONSEQUENCE
a) NON-OBSERVANCE BY EMPLOYERS WOULD MAKE THE LOCK OUT
ILLEGAL AND MAKE THE WORKMEN ELIGIBLE FOR WAGES FOR
THE PERIOD OF ILLEGAL LOCK OUT.
b) NON-OBSERVANCE BY WORKMEN WOULD MAKE THE STRIKE
ILLEGAL AND MAKE THEM DISENTITLED FOR WAGES FOR THE
STRIKE PERIOD.
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III CATEGORIES OF INDUSTRIES FALLING UNDER 'PUBLIC
UTILITY SERVICE'
SECTION 2(n) DECLARES CERTAIN TYPES OF DINDUSTRIES TO BE
PERMANENTLY PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES AND SOME OTHERS
WHICH COULD BE DELCARED AS PUBLIC UTILITIES FOR
TEMPORARY PERIODS OF SIX MONTHS AT A TIME.
a) PERMANENT PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES [Sn.2(n)(I TO v)]
i) ANY RAIL/TRANSPORT/AIR SERVICES/SERVICES IN MAJOR PORTS
OR DOCKS
ii) ANY SECTION OF AN INDUSTRY THE WORKING OF WHICH IS
ESSENTIAL FOR ENSURING SAFETY OF WORKMEN EMPLOYED.
iii) POST/TELEGRAPH/TELEPHONE SERVICES
iv) INDUSTRIES SUPPLYING POWER/LIGHT OR WATER TO PUBLIC
v) ANY SYSTEM OF PUBLIC CONSERVANCY SANITATION.
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b) TEMPORARY PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES
i) SECTION 2n(vi) EMPOWERS THE CENTRAL/STATE GOVERNMENTS
TO DECLARE ANY INDUSTRY LISTED IN SCHEDULE -I OF THE ID
ACT AS PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES
ii) SUCH DECLARATIONS BY THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT IS
VALID FOR SIX MONTHS FROMDATE OF NOTIFICATION IN GAZETTE.
iii) GOVERNMENT CAN EXTEND THE VALIDITY BY RENEWING THE
DECLARATION AT THE END OF EACH SIX MONTH.
iv) IF THE DECLARATIONS ARE NOT RENEWED SUCH NOTIFIED
INDUSTRIES WOULD COME OUT OF THE DEFINITION OF PUBLIC UTILITY.
v) AS PER SCHEDULE-I, THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES OF
INDUSTRIES COULD BE CLARED AS PUBLIC UTILITY FOR SIX MONTHLY
SPELLS THROUGH A GAZETTE NOTIFICATIONS:
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1 TRANSPORT SERVICES 2 BANKING
3 CEMENT 4 COAL
5 COTTON TEXTILES 6 FOOD STUFFS
7 IRON & STEEL 8 DEFENCE ESTABLISHMENTS
9 HOSPITALS & DISPENSARIES 10 FIRE BRIGADE
11 GOVERNMENT MINTS 12 INDIA SECURITY PRESSES
13 COPPER MINING 14 IRON ORE MINING
15 LEAD MINING 16 ZINC MINING
17 SERVICE IN ANY OIL FIELD 18 SERVICE IN URANIUM INDUSTRY
19 PYRITES MINING INDUSTRY 20 SECURITY PAPER , MILL, HOSHANGABD
21 SERVICES IN THE BANK 22 PHOSPHORITE MINING
23 MAGNESITE MINING 24 CURRENCY NOTE PRESS
25 FERTILIZER INDUSTRY 26 MANUFACTURING, MARKETING &
DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
SCHEDULE-I
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b) PROVISIONS IN LAYOFF
i) WHAT SECTIONS AND CHAPTERS OF ID ACT REGULATE LAY OFF ?
SECTIONS 2(kkk), 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25E OF CHAPTER VA AND
SECTIONS 25K, 25L, 25M, 25Q, AND 25S OF CHAPTER VB.
ii) WHAT IS LAY OFF' ?
AS PER SECTION 2(kkk) LAY OFF IS THE INABILITY / FAILURE /
REFUSAL OF THE EMPLOYER TO GIVE EMPLOYMENT TO WORKMEN ON
HIS MUSTER ROLLS (EXCLUDES BADLIS AND CASUALS) ON ACCOUNT
OF :
- SHORTAGE OF COAL / POWER / RAW MATERIALS
- ACCUMULATION OF STOCKS
- BREAKDOWN OF MACHINERY
- NATURAL CALAMITY (LIKE FLOODS / EARTHQUAKE /
FIRE / LIGHTNING, ETC) OR
- ANY OTHER CONNECTED REASON
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iii) IS THE LAY OFF PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL
INDUSTRIES FALLING UNDER Sn 2(j) ?
NO - LAY OFF PROVISIONS ARE APPLICABLE ONLY TO A LIMITED
CATEGORY OF INDUSTRIES LIKE FACTORES, MINES AND PLANTATIONS, THAT TOO IF
THEY ARE EMPLOYING MORE THAN 50 WORKMEN ON THE AVERAGE [25A(b) & 25
(k)]. IF THE ESTABLISHMENT IS OF SEASONAL CHARACTER OR IS OPERATING
ONLY INTERMITTENTLY ALSO LAY OFF PROVISIONS WILL NOT APPLY [SEE
SECTIONS 25A(b) & 25(k)].
iv) ARE WORKMEN REQUIRED TO PUT IN A MINIMUM
QUALIFYING SERVICE FOR BEING ELIGIBLE FOR LAY OFF
COMPENSATION ?
AS PER SECTION 25(B) ONLY WORKMEN WHO HAVE PUT IN ONE YEAR
'CONTINUOUS SERVICE' (RECKONED FROM THE DATE OF LAY OFF) ARE ELIGIBLE TO
LAY OFF COMPENSATION.
ONE YEAR CONTINUOUS SERVICE MEANS PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT OR
WORKING FOR 240 DAYS IN A PERIOD OF 12 MONTHS. 240 DAYS WILL
INCLUDE DAYS OF SICKNESS/EARNED LEAVE AVAILED/ACCIDENT
LEAVE/MATERNITY LEAVE/STRIKE WHICH IS NOT ILLEGAL/LOCK OUT DAYS/AND
CESSATION OF WORK NOT DUE TO FAULT OF WORKMAN.
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v) ARE ANY CATEGORY OF WORKMEN EXCLUDED FROM LAY
OFF BENEFITS ?
AS PER SECTION 25(C) AND 25(M) BADLIS AND CASUALS ARE
INELIGIBLE UNLESS THEY HAVE PUT IN 240 DAYS ATTENDANCE IN 12
MONTHS PRIOR TO DATE OF LAY OFF.
vi) IS PRIOR GOVERNMENT APPROVAL REQUIRED FOR LAYING
OFF WORKMEN ?
ESTABLISHSMENTS EMPLOYING AVERAGE OF 50 WORKMEN OR
MORE DURING THE MONTH PRIOR TO LAY OFF AND EMPLOYING
LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN ON AN AVERAGE ARE REGULATED BY
PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER VA AND NEED NOT TAKE ANY
PERMISSION.
ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH EMPLOYED AVERAGE OF 100 OR MORE
WORKMEN DURING THE 12 MONTHS PRIOR TO LAY OFF ARE
REGULATED BY CHAPTER VB AND MUST OBTAIN PRIOR PERMISSION FROM
APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT.
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NOTE
FOR ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING MORE THAN 51% CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT SHARE CAPITAL THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT FOR
LAY OFF WILL BE ONLY THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND NOT THE STATE
GOVERNMENT [SEE Sn.25(L)(b)].
vii) WHAT HAPPENS IF PERMISSION IS NOT APPLIED FOR OR
PERMISSION IS DENIED BY GOVERNMENT ?
WORKMEN WILL BE ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE FULL WAGES FOR THE
ENTIRE LAY OFF PERIOD.
viii) WHAT IS THE NORMAL RATE OF LAY OFF COMPENSATION ?
NORMAL RATE OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE IS 50% OF BASIC + DA
[25(C) IF PERMISSION IS REFUSED OR NOT OBTAINED MUST PAY
FULL WAGES [25 (M)(8)].
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ix) WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING FOR PERMISSION ?
ESTABLISHMENTS ATTRACTED BY CHAPTER VB MUST SUBMIT
APPLICATION TO APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT IN FORM-03. MUST
ALSO NOTIFY REGIONAL LABOUR COMMISSIONER THE COMMENCEMENT
AND CONCLUSION OF LAY OFF IN FORMS 01 AND 02 WITHIN 7 DAYS
[SECTIONS 25(M) AND R 75A]. GOVERNMENT MAY GRANT / REFUSE
PERMISSION WITHIN 60 DAYS OF SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION. IF NO
REPLY FROM GOVERNMENT - AFTER 60 DAYS PERMISSION CAN BE
ASSUMED [SECTION 25(M)(5)].
x) CAN EMPLOYER DENY LAY OFF PAYMENT IN ANY
CIRCUMSTANCES ?
UNDER CERTAIN CONTINGENCIES MENTIONED IN SECTION 25(E)
ESTABLISHMENTS ATTRACTED BY CHAPTER VA CAN REFUSE TO
PAY LAY OFF COMPENSATION. IF WORKMEN REFUSE TO ACCEPT
ALTERNATE EMPLOYMENT UNDER SAME EMPLOYER WITHIN RADIUS
OF 5 MILES [25(E)(1)]. IF HE DOES NOT REPORT FOR GIVING
ATTENDANCE [25(E)(2)]. IF LAY OFF IS DUE TO STRIKE OR GO SLOW BY
ANOTHER SECTION OF WORKMEN [25(E)(3)].
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NOTE
THIS DENIAL OF COMPENSATION IS NOT APPLICABLE TO ESTABLISHMENTS
FALLING UNDER CHAPTER VB.
xi) CAN AN EMPLOYER RESORT TO RETRENCHMENT AFTER CERTAIN
DURATION OF LAY OFF ?
AS PER SECTION 25 C AN EMPLOYER GOVERNED BY CHAPTER VA (NOT
APPLICABLE TO CHAPTER V B) CAN AFTER 45 DAYS LAY OFF IN 12 MONTHS
RETRENCH HIS WORKMEN OR SIGN A SETTLEMENT WITH THE WORKMEN TO
RETAIN THEM ON THE MUSTER ROLLS WITHOUT PAYMENT OF LAY OFF
COMPENSATION. IF HE RESORTS TO RETRENCHMENT HE MUST FOLLOW THE
PROCEDURE AND PROVISIONS OF RETRENCHMENT STIPULATED IN SECTION
25F. WHILE PAYING RETRENCHMENT COMPENSATION HE CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT
OF ALY OFF COMPENSATION PAID DURING THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS [25(C )].
xii) WHAT ARE THE EMPLOYERS OBLIGATIONS ?
TO MAINTAIN MUSTER ROLL OF WORKMEN [Sn.25(D)]
APPLY FOR PERMISSION IN FORM 03 [Sn.25(M)(2)]
SUBMIT RETURN IN FORMS 0-1 AND 02 [Sn.25(M)(2)]
PAY HALF/FULL WAGES AS COMPENSATION [Sn.25© & 25(M)]
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C PROVISIONS ON 'RETRENCHMENT'
i) WHAT AMOUNTS TO RETRENCHMENT [DEFINITION SECTION 2(00)] ?
AS PER SECTION 2(00) ALL TYPES OF TERMINATION OF A
WORKMAN BY AN EMPLOYER WOULD BE RETRENCHMENT, UNLESS IT
IS A TERMINATION BY WAY OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION OR IT FALLS
UNDER ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FOUR EXCEPTIONS :
1) VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT
2) RETIREMENT ON REACHING THE AGE OF SUPERANNUATION (IF
THERE IS A STIPULATION IN THE CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT)
3) TERMINATION RESULTING OUT OF NON-RENEWAL OF A FIXED
TERM CONTRACT EMPLOYMENT.
4) TERMINATION ON ACCOUNT OF CONTINUED ILL- HEALTH.
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ii) IS PRIOR PERMISSION REQUIRED FROM THE APPROPRIATE
GOVERNMENT FOR RESORTING TO RETRENCHMENT ?
NO PERMISSION REQUIRED IF ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYED LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN
(AVERAGE FOR THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) -Sn.25K. MAKING OF APPLICATION AND
OBTAINING PRIOR PERMISSION FROM APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT (OR NOTIFIED
AUTHORITY) IS REQUIRED IN ESTABLISHMENTS (LIKE 'FACTORIES', 'MINES' AND
'PLANTATIONS' ONLY) WHICH EMPLOYED MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN (AVERAGE FOR
PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) Sn.25N(1)(b), 25L(a), 25L(b), AND 2(a)]. SUCH APPLICATION FOR
PRIOR PERMISSION SHOULD BE MADE IN ADVANCE AND IF NOT TURNED DOWN, AFTER 60
DAYS IT CAN BE PRESUMED THAT PERMISSION IS GIVEN - Sn.25N(4).
NOTE
1) WHILE GIVING OF NOTICE AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION TO WORKMEN IS
APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, THE REQUIREMENT OF
APPLYING AND OBTAINING PRIOR GOVERNMENT PERMISSION IS APPLICABLE ONLY TO
THREE CATEGORIES OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, VIZ FACTORIES, MINES AND
PLANTATIONS [25L(a)].
2) PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS IN WHICH CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS AT LEAST
51% SHARE CAPITAL SHOULD APPLY AND OBTAIN PERMISSION FROM THE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT AND NOT THE STATE GOVERNMENT EVEN IF THE APPROPRIATE
GOVERNMENT FOR THEM UNDER SECTION 2(a) IS THE STATE GOVERNMENT [SEE Sn.25L(b)].
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iii) POWER OF GOVERNMENT TO GRANT/REFUSE/REVIEW
PERMISSION [25 N(1) TO (9)]
UNDER Sn.25N(3) GOVERNMENT CAN GRANT/REFUSE PERMISSION,
BUT MUST GIVE REASON FOR THIS TO EMPLOYER AND WORKMEN.
UNDER Sn.25N(6) GOVERNMENT CAN REVERSE ITS EARLIER ORDER
GRANTING OR REFUSING PERMISSION AND ISSUE FRESH ORDERS.
GOVERNMENT CAN ALTERNATIVELY UNDER Sn.25N(6) REFER THE
ISSUE OF PERMISSION TO TRIBUNAL FOR GRANTING OR REFUSING
PERMISSION AND SUCH TRIBUNAL SHOULD PASS AN ORDER IN 30
DAYS. ANY ORDER PASSED BY GOVERNMENT/APPROPRIATE
AUTHORITY SHALL AS PER Sn.25N(5) BE BINDING FOR A PERIOD OF
ONE YEAR.
NOTE
IF WORKMEN HAVE BEEN RETRENCHED WITHOUT PERMISSION (IN
ABOVE 100 WORKMEN CASE) OR PERMISSION HAS BEEN REFUSED
THE AFFECTED WORKMEN WILL GET ALL BENEFITS AS IF THEY
WERE NEVER TERMINATED [Sn.25N(7)].
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iv) NOTICE, IF ANY, REQUIRED TO BE GIVEN TO WORKMEN TO
BE RETRENCHED
IN SMALLER ESTABLISHMENTS (AVERAGE LESS THAN 100
WORKMEN) MINIMUM ONE MONTH’S NOTICE OR ONE MONTH’S PAY IN LIEU
OF NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN [Sn. 25F(a)] IN LARGER
ESTABLISHMENTS( AVERAGE MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN) MINIMUM THREE
MONTHS NOTICE OR THREE MONTH’S PAY IN LIEU OF NOTICE MUST BE
GIVEN [Sn. 25 N(1)(a)].
v) EXTENT OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO RETRENCHED
WORKMEN
ELIGIBLE FOR 15 DAYS AVERAGE PAY FOR EVERY COMPLETED
YEAR OF CONTIINUOUS SERVICE OR PART IN EXCESS OF SIX MONTHS IF
THE WORKMEN SATISFIES THE REQUIREMENT OF ATTENDANCE
UNDER Sn. 25B(1) & (2) [Sn.25N(9), 25F(b), AND 25B(1) & (2)]. IF UNDER
ANY OTHER LAW OR STANDING ORDERS WORKMEN ARE ELIGIBLE
TO A HIGHER QUANTUM OF COMPENSATION, THAT HIGHER QUANTUM
WILL PREVAIL [Sn.25J(1)].
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NOTE
IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN
(AVERAGE OF THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) IF LAY OFF HAS EXCEEDED
45 DAYS DURING THE IMMEDIATE PRECEDING 12 MONTHS, THE LAY
OFF COMPENSATION PAID CAN BE OFFSET FROM THE
RETRENCHMENT COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO THE WORKMEN [25C
(PROVISO)].
vi) PROCEDURE FOR RESORTING TO RETRENCHMENT
NOTICE MUST BE SENT TO THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT
/NOTIFIED AUTHORITY IN FORM P UNDER RULE 76. APPLICATION
FOR PERMISSION MUST BE MADE IN FORM PA UNDER RULE 76-A(1) OR
FORM PB UNDER RULE 76-A(2) AS THE CASE MAY BE. A CATEGORY
WISE WORKMEN SENIORITY LIST MUST BE PREPARED AND IN EACH
CATEGORY THE LEAST SENIOR, MUST GO OUT FIRST - EXCEPTIONS CAN
BE MADE WITH PROPER REASONS RECORDED AND THE SENIORITY LIST
SHOLD BE DISPLAYED AS PER RULE 77 [Sn.25G].
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vii) HAVE RETRENCHED WORKMEN THE RIGHT TO RE-
EMPLOYMENT ?
IF AT ANY LATER DATE THE PLANT OR PROCESS IS RESTARTED,
RETRENCHED WORKMEN SHOULD BE GIVEN PREFERENCE FO RE-
EMPLOYMENT AND THE INTIMATION GIVEN TO THE CONCERNED
WORKMEN AND UNION AND NOTICE DISPLAYED AT LEAST 10 DAYS
BEFORE FILLING UP THE VACANCY. [Sn.25H, R-78].
viii) IMPACT OF OTHER LAWS
ANY PROVISION ON RETRENCHMENT IN ANY OTHER LAW OR
STANDING ORDERS INCONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS IN THE ID
ACT SHALL BE NULL AND VOID. HOWEVER, IF MORE BENEFICIAL
TERMS EXIST THOSE WILL PREVAIL [Sn.25J].
Ix) CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLATING THE PROVISIONS ON
RETRENCHMENT
AS PER Sn.25Q IMPRISONMENT UPTO ONE MONTH OR Rs.1000/-
FINE OR BOTH.
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x) SUMMARY OF SECTIONS ON RETRENCHMENT
SECTIONS 2(00), 25B, 25C, 25F, 25G, 25H, 25J, 25K, 25L, 25Q, 25S
RULES : 76, 76A, 77, 78
FORMS:P, PA, PB
d) PROVISIONS ON 'CLOSURE'
i) WHAT AMOUNTS TO CLOSURE [2n.2(cc)] ?
A PERMANENT CLOSURE OF (a) A PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT, OR (b)
A PART OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.
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ii) IS PRIOR PERMISSION REQUIRED FROM THE APPROPRIATE
GOVERNMENT FOR CLOSING DOWN AN ESTABLISHMENT ?
NO PERMISSION REQUIRED IF ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYED LESS THAN 100
WORKMEN (AVERAGE FOR PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) [Sn.25 K] MAKING OF
APPLICATION AND OBTAINING PRIOR PERMISSION FROM APPROPRIATE
GOVERNMENT (OR NOTIFIED AUTHORITY) IS REQUIRED IF THE ESTABLISHMENT IS A
'FACTORY', 'MINE' OR 'PLANTATION' WHICH EMPLOYED MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN
(AVERAGE OF PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) [Sn.25-O(I), 25L(a), 25L(b), 2(a)]. SUCH
APPLICATION FOR PRIOR PERMISSION SHOLD BE SUBMITTED AT LEAST 90 DAYS IN
ADVANCE OF PROPOSED DATE OF CLOSURE - COPY OF APPLICATION TO BE
SENT TO UNION/WORKMEN REPRESENTATIVES [25(O)(1)] IF NO REPLY IS
RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENT WITHIN 60 DAYS, APPROVAL CAN BE
PRESUMED [25(O)(3)].
NOTE
1) PRIOR PERMISSION REQUIRED ONLY FOR 'FACTORIES', 'MINES' AND
'PLANTATIONS'.
2) PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS IN WHICH CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS AT
LEAST 51% SHARE CAPITAL SHOLD APPLY AND OBTAIN PERMISSION FROM
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND NOT THE STATE GOVERNMENT EVEN IF THE
APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT FOR THEM UNDER SECTION 2(a) IS THE STATE
GOVERNMENT [Sn.25L(b), 2(a)].
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iii) POWER OF GOVERNMENT TO GRANT/REFUSE/REVIEW
PERMISSION
UNDER Sn.25(O)(2) GOVERNMENT CAN GRANT/REFUSE
PERMISSION, BUT MUST GIVE REASON FOR THIS TO EMPLOYER
AND WORKMEN. UNDER Sn.25(O)(5) GOVERNMENT CAN REVERSE ITS
EARLIER ORDER GRANTING OR REFUSING PERMISSION AND ISSUE
FRESH ORDERS.
GOVERNMENT CAN ALTERNATIVELY UNDER Sn.25(O)(5) REFER THE
ISSUE OF PERMISSION TO A TRIBUNAL FOR GRANTING OR
REFUSING PERMISSION AND SUCH TRIBUNAL SHOULD PASS AN
ORDER IN 30 DAYS. ANY ORDER PASSED BY
GOVERNMENT/APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY SHALL AS PER Sn.25(O)(4)
BE BINDING FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR. IF NO ORDER IS PASSED
WITHIN 60 DAYS OF MAKING APPLICATION AS PER Sn.25(O)(3) IT CAN
BE PRESUMED THAT PERMISSION HAS BEEN GIVEN.
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NOTE :
1) WHERE THE ESTABLISHSMENT HAS BEEN CLOSED WITHOUT
MAKING AN APPLICATION OR WITHOUT OBTAINING PERMISSION
FROM THE GOVERNMENT OR WHEN THE PERMISSION HAS BEEN
REFUSED AS PER Sn.25(O)(6), AFFECTED WORKMEN WILL BE ENTITLED
TO ALL BENEFITS AND BE TREATED AS IF THE UNDERTAKING WAS NOT
CLOSED DOWN.
2) IN CASES LIKE CLOUSURE DUE TO DEATH OF AN EMPLOYER OR
DUE TO ACCIDENT IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AS PER Sn. 25(O)(7)
GOVERNMENT CAN GRANT RELAXATION OR EXEMPTION FROM THE
VARIOUS PROVISIONS ON CLOSURE.
Y BHATT
Iv) NOTICE, IF ANY, REQUIRED TO BE GIVEN BEFORE CLOSURE
OF UNDERTAKING
AS PER Sn.25FFA AND RULE 76B IN SMALLER ESTABLISHMENTS
(EMPLOYING LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN BUT ABOVE 50 WORKMEN) NOTICE OF
CLOSURE IN FORM 'Q' MUST BE GIVEN BY REGISTERED POST TO :
a) APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT
b) REGIONAL LABOUR COMMISSIONER
c) EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE CONCERNED
IN LARGER ESTABLISHMENT (EMPLOYING MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN ON
AN AVERAGE FOR PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) AS PER Sn.25(O)(1) AND RULE 76
C NOTICE OF CLOSURE MUST BE GIVEN IN FORM 'QA' TO THE APPROPRIATE
GOVERNMENT BY REGISTEREDPOST. IN ADDITION TO NOTICE UNDER S
n.25(O)(3) AND RULE 76C IN FORM 'QB' (IN TRIPLICATE) MUST BE SENT BY
REGISTERED POST TO THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT. AS PER RULE
76C(3) THE EMPLOYER IS BOUND TO SUPPLY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, IF
ANY, CALLED FOR BY GOVERNMENT. AS PER RULE 76C(2) THE DATE ON
WHICH THE REGISTERED POST IS RECEIVED BY GOVERNMENT SHALL BE
TREATED AS THE DATE OF FILING THE APPLICATION FOR PERMISSION.
Y BHATT
v) EXTENT OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO AFFECTED
WORKMEN
AS PER Sn.25FFF IN SMALLER ESTABLISHMENTS (AVERAGE LESS
THAN 100 WORKMEN) WORKMEN SATISFYING THE ATTENDANCE
REQUIREMENT OF Sn.25B ARE ENTITLED TO COMPENSATION AS IF THEY WERE
RETRENCHED (15 DAYS WAGES PER YEAR OF SERVICE). HOWEVER,
IF THE ESTABLISHMENT CAN JUSTIFY THAT IT HAD TO BE CLOSED
DOWN DUE TO CIRCUMSTANCES BEYOND THE EMPLOYERS CONTROL
(PLEASE SEE EXPLANATION TO 25FFF AS TO WHAT WOULD NOT BE
TREATED AS FACTORS BEYOND THE CONTROL) THE MAXIMUM
COMPENSATION PAYABLE WOULD BE LIMITED TO THREE MONTHS WAGES
[PLEASE ALSO SEE Sn.25FFF(1A) ON CLOSURE OF MINING ESTABLISHMENT
AND Sn.25FFF(2) ON CONSTRUCTION ESTABLISHMENT].
IN LARGER ESTABLISHMENTS (EMPLOYING MORE THAN 100
WORKMEN ON AN AVERAGE DURING THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) AS
PER Sn.25(O)(8) COMPENSATION AT THE RATE OF 15 DAYS WAGES PER
YEAR OF SERVICE IS PAYABLE AND AS PER Sn.25J IF UNDER ANY OTHER LAW
OR CONTRACT/STANDING ORDER THEY ARE ELIGIBLE FOR BETTER RATE
OF COMPENSATION THE HIGHER OR BETTER RATE WILL PREVAIL.
Y BHATT
vi) CONSEQUENCIES OF VIOLATING THE PROVISIONS ON CLOSURE
AS PER Sn.25R ANY EMPLOYER WHO CLOSES DOWN AN
ESTABLISHMENT WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
Sn.25(O)(1) SHALL BE PUNISHABLE WITH IMPRISONMENT FOR 6 MONTHS
OR WITH FINE UPTO Rs.5,000/- OR BOTH.
vii) SUMMARY OF SECTIONS
2(cc), 25B, 25FA, 25FFF, 25J, 25K, 25L, 25O, 25R, 25S.
e) PROVISIONS FOR ALTERATION OF SERVICE CONDITIONS /
ISSUE OF 'NOTICE OF CHANGE'
i) CAN AN EMPLOYER UNILATERALLY ALTER THE CONDITIONS OF
SERVICE APPLICABLE TO WORKMEN ?
ON ANY ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE IV OF THE ID ACT, HE CANNOT
ALTER, UNLESS HE GIVES A NOTICE OF CHANGE AS
CONTEMPLATED IN SECTION 9A OF THE ACT.
Y BHATT
ii) WHAT KIND OF NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN ?
AS PER Sn.9A(b) HE SHOULD GIVE AT LEAST 21 DAYS ADVANCE
NOTICE. IF THE CHANGE IS MADE AS A RESULT OF AN AGREEMENT, NO
NOTICE IS REQUIRED [Sn.9A, PROVISO (a)] OR THE WORKMEN BELONG
TO THE CATEGORIES LISTED IN PART(b) OF THE PROVISO TO 9A.
THE NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN IN FORM-E AS PER RULE 34.
Iii) EFFECT OF GIVING NOTICE
IF WORKMEN/UNIONS DO NOT OBJECT TO THE CHANGE, THE
CHANGE CAN BE EFFECTED AFTER 21 DAYS [Sn.9A(1)]. IF WORKMEN
OPPOSE THE CHANGE, THE ISSUE WILL BE TAKEN UP IN CONCILIATION
AND THE EMPLOYER WILL HAVE TO AWAIT THE OUTCOME OF THE
CONCILIATION MEETING/ADJUDICATION PROCESS [Sn.33(1)].
Y BHATT
iv) WHAT ARE THE 11 ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE IV FOR
WHICH NOTICE OF CHANGE NEEDS TO BE GIVEN ?
WAGES, INCLUDING THE PERIOD AND MODE OF PAYMENT;
CONTRIBUTION PAID, OR PAYABLE, BY THE EMPLOYER TO ANY PROVIDENT
FUND OR PENSION FUND OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE WORKMEN UNDER
ANY LAW FOR THE TIME BEING IN FORCE; COMPENSATORY AND
OTHER ALLOWANCE; STARTING ALTERATION OR DISCONTINUANCE
OF SHIFT WORKING OTHERWISE THAN IN ACCORDANCE WITH
STANDING ORDERS; CLASSIFICATION BY GRADES; WITHDRAWAL OF
ANY CUSTOMARY CONCESSION OR PRIVILEGE OR CHANGE IN
USAGE; INTRODUCTION OF NEW RULES OF DISCIPLINE, OR
ALTERATION OF EXISTING RULES, EXCEPT IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE
PROVIDED IN STANDING ORDERS; RATIONALISATION, STANDARDISATION
OR IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT OR TECHNIQUE WHICH IS LIKELY TO
LEAD TO RETRENCHMENT OF WORKMEN; ANY INCREASE OR
REDUCTION (OTHER THAN CASUAL IN THE NUMBER OF PERSONS
EMPLOYED OR TO BE EMPLOYED IN ANY OCCUPATION OR PROCESS
OR DEPARTMENT OR SHIFT(NOT OCCASIONAED BY CIRCUMSTANCES
OVER WHICH THE EMPLOYER HAS NO CONTROL).
Y BHATT
v) POWER TO EXEMPT
UNDER Sn.9B THE GOVERNMENT HAS POWER TO EXEMPT ANY
ESTAB LISHSMENT FROM THE REQUIREMENT OF GIVING NOTICE OF
CHANGE UNDER Sn.9A.
VI PROVISIONS FOR 'RECOVERY OF MONEY DUE FROM AN
EMPLOYER' UNDER THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT 1947.
a) WHO AND WHEN CAN MONEY CLAIMS BE PUT UP ?
i) WHAT KIND OF MONEY CLAIMS CAN BE PUT UP UNDER SECTION 33 ?
ANY MONIES DUE TO A WORKMAN/WORKMEN UNDER A
SETTLEMENT OR AWARD AND ANY COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO A
WORKMAN FOR LAY OFF/ RETRENCHMENT/ CLOSURE [Sn.33C].
ii) WHO CAN FILE THE MONEY CLAIMS ?
WORKMAN HIMSELF ANY OTHER PERSON AUTHORISED AFTER
DEATH OF WORKMAN HIS ASSIGNS/LEGAL HEIRS [Sn.33C, R-62(1),
62(2)].
Y BHATT
NOTE
 
IF  MORE  THAN  ONE  WORKMAN  HAVE  SIMILAR  CLAIMS,  THEY  CAN 
ALL JOINTLY FILE A COMMON CLAIM AS PER Sn.33C(5).
 
iii) TIME LIMIT FOR FILING THE CLAIMS
AS  PER  FIRST  PROVISO  TO  33C(1),  MUST  BE  FILED  WITHIN  ONE 
YEAR  OF  THE  AMOUNT  BECOMING  DUE  FOR  PAYMENT.    AS  PER  THE 
SECOND  PROVISO  TO  33(C  )(2),  GOVERNMENT  CAN  CONDONE  THE 
DELAYED SUBMISSION OF CLAIMS IF PROPER REASON IS  PUT UP.
 
b) TYPES OF CLAIMS
 
WHERE  ONLY  THE  RIGHT  TO  CLAIM  IS  ESTABLISHED  BUT  THE 
EXTENT OF THE CLAIM OR ITS EXACT MONEY VALUE IS NOT  KNOWN A 
CLAIM  ;PETITION  IS  TO  BE  FILED  UNDER  Sn.33C(1),  RULE  62(1)  IN 
FORM  K-1  OR  K-2.    IF  THE  ACTUAL  MONEY  VALUE  IS  PRE-
DETERMINABLE  A  CLAIM  PETITON  IS  TO  BE  FILED  UNDER  Sn.33C(2) 
RULE 62(2) IN FORMS K- 3 OR K- 4.
Y BHATT
c)  ENFORCEMENT OF CLAIMS
i)  GOVERNMENT  WILL  REFER  THE  CLAIM  PETITION  TO  THE    LABOUR 
COURT FOR DETERMINATION
THE  COURT  WILL  PASS  NECESSARY  AWARD  (ORDER)  AND  SEND  IT 
TO THE GOVERNMENT [Sn. 33(4)].
THE  GOVERNMENT  WILL  THEN  FORWARD  THE  ORDER  TO  THE 
COLLECTOR  TO  EXCEUTE  THE  ORDER  BY  ATTACHING  THE 
EMPLOYER’S  PROPERTY  AND  RECOVERING  THE  MONEY  AND 
PAYING IT TO THE WORKMAN / WORKMEN [Sn. 33(C)(1),33(C)(4)].
WHAT  ARE  THE  PROVISIONS  ON  ‘WORKS  COMMITTEE’  UNDER  THE 
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT 1947?WHAT IS A WORKS COMMITTEE?
IT  IS  A  COMMITTEE  CONSISTING  OF  EQUAL  NUMBER  OF 
MANAGEMENT  AND  WORKMEN  REPRESENTATIVES  SET  UP  FOR 
PROMOTING  AMITY  AND  GOOD  RELATIONS  AND  EMPOWERED  TO 
COMMENT  ON  MATTERS  OF  COMMON  INTEREST  AND  TO 
ENDEAVOUR  TOWARDS  REDUCING  DIFFERENCES  IN  THE  VIEW 
POINTS BETWEENTHEM [Sn.3(2)].
Y BHATT
ii) WHEN DOES IT BECOME OBLIGATORY TO SET UP A WORKS 
COMMITTEE ?
 
IN ESTABLISHSMENTS WHICH EMPLOY MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN 
OR HAD EMPLOYED MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN ON ANY DAY IN THE 
PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS, OBLIGATION ACTUALLY ARISES ONLY WHEN 
THE  GOVERNMMENT  THROUGH  A  GENERAL/SPECIAL  ORDER 
REQUIRES SETTING UP OF A WORKS COMMITTEE [Sn.3(1)].
iii) MANNER OF CONSTITUTING A WORKS COMMITTEE
 
THE  WORKMEN  REPRESENTATIVES  SHALL  BE  ELECTED  AND 
MANAGEMENT REPRESENTATIVES CAN BE NOMINATED [R-40]   DIVISION OF 
CONSTIUTENCIES  WITHIN    THE  ESTABLISHMENT  SHALL  BE  MADE  IN 
CONSULTATION WITH THE UNIONS AFTER COMPLYING  WITH PROCEDURE 
OUTLINED IN RULES 41 TO 43.  CANDIDATES  CONTESTING SHALL BE AT 
LEAST  19  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  HAVE  AT  LEAST  ONE  YEAR  SERVICE. 
WORKMEN  WHO  HAVE  AT  LEAST  SIX  MONTHS  SERVICE  AND  ABNOVE 
THE AGE OF 18 COULD VOTE IN THE  ELECTIONS.  ELECTIONS SHALL BE 
CONDUCTED  IN  COMPLIANCE  WITH  THE  PROCEDURE  LAID  DOWN  IN 
RULES 46 TO 50.
Y BHATT
iv) OFFICE BEARERS
 
COMMITTEE SHALL HAVE A CHAIRMAN, VICE CHAIRMAN, 
SECRETARY AND JOINT SECRETARY [R-52]
 
v) TERM OF OFFICE
 
THE COMMITTEE ONCE SET UP WILL HAVE A TWO YEAR TERM OF 
OFFICE. MID TERM VACANCIES SHOLD BE FILLED AS PER RULE 52.
 
vi) MEETINGS
 
COMMITTEE SHALL MEET AT LEAST ONCE IN A QUARTER [R-55] 
EMPLOYER SHOULD PROVIDE NECESSARY FACILITIES FOR  HOLDING 
THE MEETINGS [R-56]
 
vii) DISSOLUTION
 
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OR OTHER AUTHORISED AUTHORITY 
COULD  DISSOLVE A WORKS COMMITTEE AS PER RULE 57.
Y BHATT
viii) SUBMISSION OF RETURNS
THE EMPLOYER IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT HALF YEARLY RETURN IN 
FORM G-1 IN TRIPLICATE [R-56-A]
 
ix) SUBJECTS  THAT  COULD  BE  DISCUSSED  IN  THE  WORKS 
COMMITTEE
  THIS IS NOT SPECIFICALLY LISTED IN THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES 
ACT  OR  RULES.    HOWEVER  THE  TRIPARTITE  LABOUR 
CONFERENCE HELD IN 1959 HAS DRAWN UP A LIST OF DOS AND 
DON'TS FOR THE WORKS COMMITTEE.
 
x) MATTERS  THAT  COULD  BE  DISCUSSED  AT  THE  WORKS 
COMMITTEE
  CONDITIONS  OF  WORK  SUCH  AS  VENTILATION,  LIGHTING, 
TEMPERATURE  AND SANITATION, INCLUDING LATRINES AND  URINALS.  
AMENITIES  SUCH  AS  DRINKING  WATER,  CANTEEN  REST  ROOMS, 
MEDICAL  AND  HEALTH  SERVICES.    SAFETY  AND  ACCIDENT 
PREVENTION,  OCCUPATIONAL  DISEASES  AND  PROTECTIVE 
EQUIPMENTS.  ADJUSTMENT  OF  NATIONAL  AND  FESTIVAL  HOLIDAYS.   
PROMOTION OF THIRFT AND SAVINGS.
Y BHATT
xi) MATTERS  WHICH  CANNOT  BE  DISCUSSED  AT  THE  WORKS 
COMMITTEE
WAGES AND ALLOWANCES
BONUS AND PROFIT SHARING BONUS
RATIONALISATION  AND  MATTERS  CONNECTED  WITH  THE  FIXATION  OF 
WORKLOAD
MATTERS  CONNECTED  WITH  THE  FIXATION  OF  A  STANDARD  LABOUR 
FORCE
PROGRAMMES OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
MATTERS CONNECTED WITHRETRENCHMENT AND LAYOFF
VICTOMISATION FOR TRADE UNION ACTIVITIES
PROVIDENT FUND, GRATUITY SCHEME AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS
QUANTUM OF LEAVE AND NATIONAL AND FESTIVAL HOLIDAYS
INCENTIVE SCHEME
HOUSING AND TRANSPORT SERVICE.
b) PROVISIONS ON 'UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE'
 
i) PROHIBITION ON EMPLOYER/UNIONS/WORKMEN
 
SECTION  25  T  OF  THE  ID  ACT  PROHIBITS  EMPLOYERS/WORKMEN/UNIONS 
INDULGING  IN  ACTS  LISTED  AS  UNFAIR  LABOUR  PRACTICES  UNDER 
SCHEDULE-V TO THE ID ACT [Sn.2(ra), 25T, Sch.V]
Y BHATT
ii) WHAT  ARE  THE  UNFAIR  LABOUR  PRACTICES  LISTED  AGAINST 
EMPLOYERS ?
 
THE  FOLLOWING  ARE  THE  IMPORTANT  UNFAIR  LABOUR 
PRACTICES LISTED AGAINST EMPLOYERS :
 
1) THREATENING  WORKMEN  WITH  DISCHARGE/DISMISSAL/LOCKOUT 
FOR PREVENTIONG TRADE UNION FORMATION.
2) GRANTING WAGE INCREASE AIMED AT PREVENTING TRADE UNION 
FORMATION
 
3) FINANCING  OR  ASSISTING  IN  FORMATION  OF  EMPLOYER 
SPONSORED UNIONS
 
4) TAMPERING  WITH  SENIORITY/PROMOTION  OF  WORKMEN  WITH  A 
VIEW TO OBSTRUCT THE GROWTH OF PARTICULAR UNION
 
5) VICTIMISING WORKMEN FOR TRADE UNION ACTIVITIES
Y BHATT
6) REPLACING  REGULAR  JOBS  WITH  CONTRACT  WORKMEN  WITH  A 
VIEW TO BREAK A STRIKE
 
7) MALAFIDE TRANSFER OF WORKMEN
 
8) FORCING WORKMEN ON A LEGAL STRIKE TO GIVE GOOD CONDUCT 
BONDS
9) EXPLOITING  WORKERS  BY  KEEPING  THEM  AS  CASUALS/ 
TEMPORARIES/BADLIS FOR LONG YEARS
10) REFUSE TO IMPLEMENT SETTLEMENTS/AWARDS
11) FAILURE TO IMPLEMENT SETTLEMENTS/AWARDS
12) CONTINUIGN WITH ILLEGAL LOCKOUTS
13) INDULGE IN ACTS OF FORCE/VIOLENCE [Sch.V(1)]
Y BHATT
iii) UNFAIR  LABOUR  PRACTICES  LISTED  AGAINST  UNIONS/ 
WORKMEN
1) SUPPORTING/INSTIGATING ILLEGAL STRIKES
2) FORCING WORKMEN TO JOIN A UNION
 
3) PICKETING  /  OBSTRUCTING  /  THREATENING  NON-STRIKING 
WORKMEN
4) REFUSING TO PARTICIPATE IN COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
5) INDULGING IN GO-SLOW/SQUATTING
6) DEMONSTRATION AT RESIDENCE OF EMPLOYER
7) WILFUL DAMAGE OF EMPLOYERS PROPERTY [Sch  V(II)]
Y BHATT
iv) CONSEQUENCES OF INDULGING IN UNFAIR LABOUR  PRACTICES
 
AS PER Sn 25U ANY PERSON INDULGING  IN UNFAIR LABOUR   PRACTICE 
SHALL BE PUNISHABLE `BY IMPRISONMENT UPTO SIX MONTHS OR FINE OF 
UPTO Rs.1000/- OR BOTH [Sn.25U].
c) PROVISIONS ON GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT
 
AS  PART  OF  THE  1982  AMENDMENT  A  GRIEVANCE  SETTLEMENT 
MACHINERY  WAS  INCORPORATED  IN  THE  INDUSTRIAL  DISPUTES  ACT.   
ACCORDINGLY  SECTION  9C  WAS  INCORPORATED  IN  THE  ACT.    THIS 
SECTION  HAS  HOWEVER  NOT  BEEN  NOTIFIED  FOR  IMPLEMENTATION  SO 
FAR.  SECTION 9C(4) CONTEMPLATES THAT  NO DISPUTES SHOULD BE  REFERRED 
FOR  ADJUDICATION  UNTIL  THE  GRIEVANCE  SETTLEMENT  PROCEDURE  IS 
EXHAUSED.
d) PROVISIONS ON REPRESENTAITION OF PARTIES
 
i) BAN ON APPEARANCE OF LEGAL PRACTICTIONERS [Sn.36]
SECTION  36(3)  OF  THE  ACT  PROHIBITS  APPEARANCE  OF  ADVOCATES.   
HOWEVER, SECTION 36(4) PERMITS APPEARANCE OF  LEGAL  PRACTITIONERS WITH 
THE CONSENT OF THE OTHER PARTY AND LEAVE  OF THE PRESIDING OFFICERS.
Y BHATT
ii) WHO CAN REPRESENT THE WORKMEN [Sn.36(1),(a),(b),(c)] ?
ANY  EXECUTIVE  MEMBER  OR  OFFICE  BEARER  OF  A  REGISTERED 
TRADE  UNION.    ANY  EXECUTIVE  MEMBER  OF  FEDERATION  TO 
WHICH  THE  TRADE  UNION  IS  AFFILIATED.  IF  A  WORKMAN  IS  NOT  A 
MEMEBR OF ANY UNION HE CAN AUTHORITIRSE ANY CO-WORKER  OR 
ANY UNION LEADER TO REPRESENT HIM.
iii) WHO CAN REPRESENT AN EMPLOYER [Sn.36(2)(a),(b),(c)] ?
AN OFFICER OF AN ASSOCIATION OF EMPLOYERS.  AN OFFICER OF 
A  FEDERATION  TO  WHICH  THE  EMPLOYERS  ASSOCIATION  IS 
AFFILIATED. IF NOT BELONGING TO ANY ASSOCIATION CAN  AUTHORISE 
ANY OTHER EMPLOYER IN THE INDUSTRY OR ANY  OFFICE BEARER OF 
AN ASSOCIATION OF EMPLOYERS.
Y BHATT
e) PROVISIONS ON 'SETTLEMENT'
i) WHAT IS MEANT BY A SETTLEMENT [Sn.2(p)] ?
 
AN AGREEMENT ARRIVED AT BETWEEN THE EMPLOYER AND  WORKMEN.
ii) TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS [Sn.12(3), 18(1), 18(30]
 
TRIPARTITE SETTLEMENTS UNDER SECTION 12(3) ARRIVED AT  WITH HELP 
OF  CONCILITION  OFFICER/BOARD.  BIPARTITE  SETTLEMENT  ARRIVED  AT 
WITHOUT  CONCILIATION  ASSISTANCE  BUT  SENT  JOINTLY  TO  CONCILIATION 
OFFICER  FOR  REGISTRATION  AS  A  SETTLEMENT  UNDER  SECTION  18(3).   
BIPARTITE  SETTLEMENTS  ARRIVED  AT  BETWEEN  THE  PARTIES  UNDER 
SECTION  18(1)  WITH  NO  NOTICE  TO  OR  ASSISTANCE  FROM  CONCILIATION 
OFFICER.
iii) ON WHOM ARE SETTLEMENTS BINDING [Sn.18(1), 18(3)] ?
 
BIPARTITE SETTLEMENTS UNDER 18(1) OR 18(3) ARE BINDING ONLY ON THE 
PARTIES  THAT  SIGNED  THE  SETTLEMENT  (IT  CANNOT  BE  ENFORCED  ON 
OTHER  UNIONS  OR  WORKERS  WHO  ARE  NOT   PARTIES  TO  THE 
SETTLEMENT)
Y BHATT
A  TRIPARTITE  SETTLEMENT  THROUGH  CONCILIATION 
UNDER 12(3)  IS ENFORCEABLE AGAINST :
- ALL PARTIES TO THE DISPUTES
- ALL  OTHER  PARTIES  SUMMONED  TO  THE  CONCILIATION 
PROCEEDINGS
- IN THE CASE OF EMPLOYER ON HIS HEIRS/SUCCESSORS/ASSIGNS
- IN  THE  CASE  OF  WORKMENON  ALL  WORKMEN  ON  THE  ROLLS  ON 
DATE  OF  SETTLEMENT  AND  ALL  FUTURE  EMPLOYEES  OF  THAT 
ESTABLISHMENT
 
iv) WHEN DOES A SETTLEMENT COME INTO OPERATION [Sn.19(1)] ?
FROM THE DATE AGREED TO AND INDICATED IN THE SETTLEMENT.  IF 
DATE IS SILENT, FROM THE DATE OF SIGNING SETTLEMENT.
v) HOW LONG WILL IT BE BINDING OR PERIOD OF ITS VALIDITY [Sn.19(1)] ?
 
FOR A MINIMUM PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS IF NO PERIOD IS INDICATED, OR 
FOR THE LONGER PERIOD INDICATED IN THE SETTLEMENT.
Y BHATT
vi) WILL  THE  OBLIGATIONS  ON  THE  PARTIES  CEASE  ON  THE  EXPIRY 
OF VALIDITY PERIOD [Sn.19(2), 19(6)] ?
 
OBLGATIONS  CONTINUE  EVEN  BEYOND  THE  AGREED  PERIOD  AND  WILL 
CONTINUE  TILL  PROPER  NOTICE  OF  TERMINATION  IS  GIVEN  UNDER  SECTION 
19(2)  AND  TWO  MONTHS  HAVE  EXPIRED  AFTER  ISSUE  OF  NOTICE 
OFTERMINATION.    AS  PER  JUDICIAL  DECISIONS  THE  TERMS  OF  SETTLEMENT  WILL 
CONTINUE  TO  BE  IN  FORCE  EVEN  AFTER  TERMINATION  TILL  ANOTHER 
AGREEMENT  IS  REACHED  REPLACING  THE  CORRESPONDING  TERMS  IN  THE  OLD 
AGREEMENT.
vii) WHO IS COMPETENT TO ISSUE NOTICE OF TERMINATION [Sn.19(7)] ?
 
ONLY A PARTY REPRESENTING THE MAJORITY OF THE PERSONS BOUND BY 
THE SETTLEMENT CAN ISSUE A VALID NOTICE OF TERMINATION.
viii) WHO IS COMPETENT TO SIGN A SETTLEMENT [RULE 58(2)] ?
 
IN  CASE  OF  EMPLOYER,  HIMSELF/HIS  AUTHORISED  AGENT/MANAGER  OR 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICER.    IN  CASE  OF  WORKMEN  BY  A  TRADE  UNION  OFFICE 
BEARER  (PRESIDENT/VICE  PRESIDENT/    SECRETARY  OR  GENERAL 
SECRETARY/JOINT SECRETARY OR ANY OTHER AUTHORISED OFFICE  BEARER).  IN 
CASE OF AN INDIVIDUAL DISPUTE UNDER 2(A) BY WORKMAN  HIMSELF.
Y BHATT
ix ROLE OF CONCILIATION OFFICER [Sn. 12(3), Rules 58(1), (3) & 75]
TO RECORD THE SETTLEMENT IN FORM H UNDER Rule 58 (1).
TO MAINTAIN A REGISTER OF ALL SETTLEMENTS UNDER Rule 75.
TO  SEND  A  COPY  OF  SETTLEMENT  TO  THE  APPROPRIATE 
GOVERNMENT.
NOTE:
              WHERE THERE IS MULTIPLICITY OF UNIONS AND INTER UNION 
RIVALRY,  IT  IS  PRUDENT  TO  SIGN  ONLY  TRIPARTITE  CONCILIATION 
SETTLEMENTS  UNDER  Section  12  (3)  RATHER  THAN  GO  IN  FOR 
BIPARTITE  AGREEMENTS  UNDER  Section  18  (3)  OR  18  (1).  WHILE  A 
TRIPARTITE  SETTLEMENT  IS  ENFORCEABLE  AGAINST  ALL,  A 
BIPARTITE  AGREEMENT  BINDS  ONLY  ON  THE  PARTIES  TO  THE 
SETTLEMENT.
f)  PROVISIONS ON AWARDS
WHAT IS MEANT BY AN ‘AWARD’ [Sn. 2 (b)]?
              AN AWARD IS AN INTERIM OR FINAL ORDER PASSED BY THE 
FOLLOWING DISPUTE SETTLING AUTHORITIES UNDER THE I.D. ACT.
-  LABOUR COURT UNDER Sn. 7
-   INDUSTRIAL  TRIBUNAL  OR  NATIONAL  TRIBUNAL  UNDER  SECTION 
7(A) OR 7(B)
-  AN ARBITRATOR UNDER SECTION 10 (A)
Y BHATT
ii) TYPES OF AWARDS [Sn.7, 7A, 7B]
LABOUR COURTS GIVE AWARDS ON ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE-II 
OF THE  ID ACT  TRIBUNALS/ NATIIONAL  TRIBUNALS  GIVE  AWARDS 
ON ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE-III OF THE ID ACT.  ARBITRATORS 
GIVE  AWARD  ON  SUBJECT  REFERRED  TO  THEM  UNDER  THE 
ARBITRATION AGREEMENT.
 
iii) PUBLICATION  OF  AWARDS  ANDA  THEIR  FINALITY  Sn.17(1)(2),  15, 
17(B)]
  UNLIKE THE CIVIL/CRIMINAL COURTS, LABOUCOURTS/ TRIBUNALS/ 
ADJUDICATORS  UNDER  THE  ID  AC  CANNOT  PRONOUNCE  THEIR 
DECISIONS/ORDERS IN COURTS. THEIR DECISIONS/ORDERS ARE TO  BE 
SENT  TO  THE  APPROPRIATE  GOVERNKENT.    THE  APPROPRIATE 
GOVERNMENT IS TO THEN PUBLISH IT WITHIN 30 DAYS OF RECEIPT  OF 
THE ORDER.  SUBJECT TO PROVISION OF SECTION 17A, THE  AWARDS 
ARE FINAL AND CANNOT BE CHALLENGED IN ANY COURT.   HOWEVER 
AWARDS PERTAINING TO REINSTATEMENT OF  DISMISSED WORKMEN CAN 
BE CHJALLENGED IN SUPREME COURT/  HIGH COURT. SECTON 17 B 
STIPULATES THAT IN SUCH CASES THE  EMPLOYER MUST PAY FULL LAST 
DRAWNWAGES  TILL  THE  SIT  IS  DISPOSED  OFF  BY  THE  HIGH  COURT/ 
SUPREME COURT.
Y BHATT
IV ON WHOM ARE AWARDS BINDING [Sn.18(3)] ?
AS PER SECTION 18(3) AWARDS ARE BINDING ON THE  OLLOWING :
ALL  PARTIES TO THE DISPUTE
ALL OTHER PARTIES SUMMONED TO APPEAR IN THE PROCEEDINGS
INCASE OF EMPLOYER ON HIS HEIRS/SUCCESSORS/ASSIGNS
IN  CASE  OF  WORKMEN,ON  ALL  WORKMEN  ON  THE  ROLLS  ON  THE 
DATE THE DISPUTE AROSE AND ALL FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THAT 
ESTABLISHMENT.
V WHEN  DOES  AN  AWARD  COME  INTO  OPERATION  OR  BECOME 
ENFORCEABLE ?
[Sn.17  (A),  17(1),(2),  (3),  (4)]    IT  BECOMES  ENFORCEABLE  ON  THE 
EXPIRY  OF  30  DAYS  FROM  THE  DATE  OF  ITS  PUBLICATION  BY  THE 
GOVERNMENT UNDER Sn.17.
Y BHATT
NOTE :
UNDER  THE  PROVISO  TO Sn.17, GOVERNMENT  EMPOWERED  TO 
HOLD UP THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE AWARD IN PART OR FULL IN 
PUBLIC INTEREST BUT MUST THEN PUT UP THE AWARD BEFORE 
THE LEGISLATURE FOR A FINAL DECISION ON ITS ENFORCEMNE.T
VI WHAT IS THE PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF AN AWARD ?
[Sn.19(3),(4),(5)]  AS PER SECTION 19(3) IT SHALL BE IN FORCE 
FOR ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE IT BECOMES ENFORCEABLE  UNDER 
SECTION 17(A)  STATEGOVERNMENT CANE XTEND THIS  PERIOD FOR ONE 
YEAR  AT  A  TIME  SUBJECT  TO  THE  TOTAL  VALIDITY  PERIOD  NOT 
EXCEEDING  THREE  YEARS.    UNDER  SECTION  19(4)  GOVERNMENT 
EMPOWERED  TO  SEEK  REDUCTION  OF  THE  NORMAL  PERIOD  BY 
REFERRING IT TO THE  ADJUDICATING AUTHORITY.
Y BHATT
VII) WILL  THE  OBLIGATIONS  ON  THE  PARTIES  CEASE  ON  EXPIRY  OF 
THE VALIDITY PERIOD [Sn.19(2), (3), (6)]  ?
OBLIGATIONS  CONTINUE  EVEN  AFTER  THE  VALIDTY  PERIOD 
TILL  PROPER  NOTICE  OF  TERMINATION  IS  GIVEN  UNDER 
Sn.19(6)  AND  TWO  MONTHS  HAVE  ELAPSED  FROM  DATE  OF 
NOTICE.
VIII) WHO IS COMPETENT TO ISSUE NOTICE OF TERMINATION ?
ONLY  A  PARTY  REPRESENTING  THE  MAJORITY  OF  THE  PERSONS 
BOUND  BY  THE  AWARD  CAN  ISSUE  A  VALID  NOTICE  OF 
TERMINATION.

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Industrial dispute act 1947-974

  • 1. Y BHATT SALIENT FEATURES OF THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT, 1947
  • 2. Y BHATT I. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS CERTAIN IMPORTANT TERMS UNDER THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE. a) APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT [Sn.2(a)] UNDER THE ID ACT SOME INDUSTRIES FALL UNDER THE CENTRAL LABOUR MACHINERY AND SOME OTHERS FALL UNDER THE STATE LABOUR MACHINERY. SN 2(a) HELPS US TO DETERMINE UNDER WHOSE JURISDICTION A PARTICULAR INDUSTRY FALLS AND WHETHER THE STATE/CENTRAL RULES WILL APPLY. b) INDUSTRY [Sn.2(j)] THE ID ACT IS NOT APPLICABLE TO ALL KINDS OF ESTABLISHMENTS. IT IS APPLICABLE ONLY TO ESTABLISHMENTS SATISFYING THE DEFINITION OF THE TERM 'INDUSTRY' (AS DECIDED IN SEVERAL JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS). THE 1984 AMENDED DEFINITION NOW APPEARING IN Sn.2(j) IS YET TO BE BROUGHT INTO FORCE AND THE OLD DEFINITION IS STILL IN VOGUE.
  • 3. Y BHATT c) WORKMAN [(Sn.2(s)] ALL EMPLOYEES IN AN ESTABLISHMENT ARE NOT 'WORKMEN' UNDER THE ID ACT. ONLY EMPLOYEES DOING ANY MANUAL, UNSKILLED, SKILLED, TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL, CLERICAL (IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER THEIR WAGES IS ABOVE Rs.1600/- PER MONTH OR NOT) AND SUCH OF THE SUPERVISORS DRAWING WAGES BELOW Rs.1600/- PM (SEE DEFINITION OF WAGES IN Sn.2(rr). IT ALSO INCLUDES DISMISSED WORKMEN FALLING UNDER THE ABOVE CATEGORIES. HOWEVER MANAGERIAL STAFF ARE TOTALLY EXCLUDED IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR SALARY. [THE TEST OF DETERMINING WHO IS A 'WORKMAN' WAS PRONOUNCED IN A RECENT SUPREME COURT JUDGEMENT IN SANDOZ LTD CASE REPORTED IN 1994 II LLN 1017) d) WAGES [Sn.2(rr)] WAGES WILL INCLUDE BASIC, DA, VALUE OF HOUSE ACCOMMODATION, OTHER AMENITIES, TRAVELLING CONCESSION, COMMISSION PAYABLE AND OTHER REMUNERATION PAYABLE UNDER THE CONTRACT, BUT EXCLUDES THE FOLLOWING : ANY BONUS AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS LIKE EPF/GRATUITY
  • 4. Y BHATT II WHAT AMOUNTS TO INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE EXTENT AND SCOPE OF THE TERM 'INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE' UNDER THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT 1947. PROVISIONS SECTIONS 2(k),2(ka),2(j),2(s),2(A),2(rr). a) WHAT ARE THE INGREDIENTS OF AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE [Sn.2(k)] ? i) DISPUTE MUST BE IN AN ESTABLISHMENT SATISFYING THE DEFINITION OF 'INDUSTRY' IN SECTIONS 2(ka) & 2 (j). (NOTE : THE NEW DEFINITION OF 2(j) HAS NOT BEEN BROUGHT INTO FORCE YET). ii) DISPUTE MUST BE BETWEEN : - EMPLOYER Vs EMPLOYER - EMPLOYER Vs WORKMEN - WORKMEN Vs WORKMEN
  • 5. Y BHATT iii THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE DISPUTE MUST BE : - CONNECTED WITH EMPLOYMENT OR NON-EMPLOYMENT - CONNECTED WITH TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT - CONNECTED WITH CONDITIONS OF LABOUR iv OF 'ANY PERSON' - PROVIDED THAT PERSON HAS A NEXUS WITH THE INDUSTRY v DISPUTE MUST BE RAISED BY WORKMEN : BY UNION, OR A GROUP OF WORKMEN. b) CAN ALL EMPLOYEES IN AN INDUSTRY RAISE AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE [Sn.2(s),2(k)]? ANSWER IS NO. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE CAN BE RAISED ONLY BY EMPLOYEES SATISFYING THE DEFINITION OF 'WORKMAN' IN SECTION 2(s). THOSE NOT SATISFYING THE DEFINITION OF WORKMAN CANNOT RAISE A DISPUTE UNDER ID ACT.
  • 6. Y BHATT c) WHAT CATEGORY OF EMPLOYEES WOULD FALL UNDER THE DEFINITION OF 'WORKMAN' UNDER SECTION 2(s) ? ANY PERSON IN AN 'INDUSTRY' (INCLUDING AN APPRENTICE) EMPLOYED ON MANUAL, UNSKILLED, SKILLED, TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL JOBS PLUS THOSE SUPERVISORY STAFF DRAWING 'WAGES' BELOW Rs.1600 PM AS PER DEFINITION OF WAGES IN Sn.2(rr). NOTE : - ALL MANAGERIAL STAFF ARE EXCLUDED IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR SALARY - MEMBERS OF SUPERVISORY STAFF WILL BE EXCLUDED ONLY IF THEY ARE DRAWING WAGES ABOVE Rs.1600 PM - WORKMEN WHO WERE TERMINATED COULD CONTINUE TO CLAIM STATUS OF WORKMEN FOR PURSUING THEIR DISPUTES - THE WAGES OF SUPERVISORY STAFF SHOULD BE COMPUTED AS PER DEFINITION OF 'WAGES' IN SECTION 2(rr).
  • 7. Y BHATT d) CAN ONLY A MAJORITY OF WORKMEN IN AN INDUSTRY RAISE A DISPUTE ? IT IS NOT NECESSARY THAT A MAJORITY OF WORKMEN SHOULD SUPPORT THE RAISING OF THE DISPUTE. IT IS ENOUGH IF A SUBSTANTIAL NUMBER BACK THE RAISING OF THE DISPUTE. WHILE A UNION CAN RAISE A DISPUTE, IT IS NOT NECESSARY THAT ONLY A UNION CAN RAISE A DISPUTE. A SINGLE WORKMAN CANNOT NORMALLY RAISE DISPUTE. e) WHEN CAN AN INDIVIDUAL WORKMEN RAISE A DISPUTE (i.e. EVEN WITHOUT THE SUPPORT OF OTHER WORKMEN) ? NORMALLY ONLY COLLECTIVE DISPUTES (DISPUTES RAISED BY A GROUP OF WORKMEN CAN BE TAKEN UP AS INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES). AN INDIVIDUAL WORKMAN CAN RAISE A DISPUTE IF IT FALLS UNDER THE EXCEPTIONAL CASES LISTED IN SECTION 2 A: CASES OF DISMISSAL / DISCHARGE / RETRENCHMENT / TERMINATION ONLY. FOR NON-TERMI- NATION ISSUES (LIKE PROMOTION / TRANSFER / PUNISHMENTS NOT AMOUNTING TO TERMINATION) INDIVIDUAL WORKMAN CANNOT RAISE A DISPUTE IF THERE ARE NO OTHER WORKMEN SUPPORTING HIS CASE.
  • 8. Y BHATT f) CAN WORKMEN RAISE AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE PERTAINING TO NON-WORKMEN ? ANSWER IS 'YES' - THEY CAN AS PER SECTION 2(k) RAISE AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE REGARDING 'ANY PERSON' IF IT CAN BE SHOWN THAT 'THAT PERSON' HAS A NEXUS WITH THEIR INDUSTRY (THEY COULD THEREFORE RAISE DISPUTES DEMANDING BENEFITS OR REINSTATEMENT OF DISMISSED MANAGERS / SUPERVISORS). g) HOW CAN AN INDIVIDUAL WORKMAN REDRESS HIS DISPUTE ? HE SHOULD GET OTHER WORKMEN / UNION TO SPONSOR IT TO MAKE IT AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE UNDER Sn.2(k). IF IT IS A TERMINATION CASE HE CAN RAISE IT HIMSELF UNDER Sn.2(A).
  • 9. Y BHATT III FUNCTIONING OF DISPUTE SETTLING MACHINERIES a) ALL ABOUT CONCILIATION i) WHAT TYPE OF CONCILIATION MACHINERY EXIST UNDER THE ID ACT ? CONCILIATION BY AN OFFICER [Sn.4 & 2(d)] AND A BOARD (AN AD- HOC BOARD CONSISTING OF AN INDEPENDENT CHAIRMAN AND EQUAL NUMBER OF WORKMEN AND EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVES) [Sn.5 & 2(e)]. [THIS IS NOT A PERMANENT BODY, SET UP ONLY FOR A PARTICULAR DISPUTE AND THE BOARD WILL STAND DISSOLVED WHEN THE ISSUE IS SETTLED].
  • 10. Y BHATT ii) WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF A CONCILIATION OFFICER ? AS PER Sn.12 (1) AND RULE 9(1) WHEN A STRIKE / LOCKOUT NOTICE IS ISSUED UNDER RULE 71/72 IN A PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE, HE IS BOUND TO IMMEDIATELY CONVENE A CONCILIATION MEETING. AS PER Sn.12(1) AND RULES 9(2) & 10, IN NON PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE OR IN NON-STRIKE DISPUTES IN PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE HE IS NOT BOUND, BUT MAY HOLD CONCILIATION MEETINGS. HE WILL HOWEVER HOLD ORDINARY JOINT MEETINGS WHICH WOULD NOT BE COUNTED AS CONCILIATION MEETINGS. HE WILL TRY TO PERSUADE THE PARTIES TO RESOLVE THE DISPUTES AS PER RULES 10A, 11, 12 AND 13.
  • 11. Y BHATT IF HE SUCCEEDS IN BRINGING ABOUT AN UNDERSTANDING, HE GETS THE PARTIES TO SIGN A SETTLEMENT IN FORM-H AS PER Sn.12(3), 18(3) AND RULE-58. AS PER RULE 75, HE HAS TO MAINTAIN A REGISTER IN FORM- O, GIVING THE DETAILS OF THE SETTLEMENTS SIGNED BY HIM. IF HE FAILS TO BRING ABOUT A SETTLEMENT, AS PER Sn.12(4) HE HAS TO INFORM THE GOVERNMENT AND THIS IS CALLED A FAILURE REPORT. BEFORE SENDING THE FAILURE REPORT HE SHOULD ASK THE DISPUTING PARTIES WHETHER THEY WOULD LIKE THE DISPUTE TO BE SENT FOR ARBITRATION. AS PER SN.12(6) HE IS EXPECTED TO CLOSE THE CONCILIATION PROCEEDINGS WITHIN 14 DAYS BUT WITH THE CONSENT OF THE PARTIES HE CAN KEEP THE CONCILIATION PROCESS GOING FOR A LONGER DURATION. WHEN NOTICE OF CHANGE IS ISSUED UNDER Sn.9A HE IS OBLIGED TO HOLD MEETINGS TO RESOLVE THE DISPUTE. WHEN APPROVAL/PERMISSION APPLICATIONS ARE FILED UNDER Sn.33/33A HE IS REQUIRED TO PASS APPROPRIATE ORDERS. NOTE : UNLIKE IN ARBITRATION/ADJUDICATION PROCEEDINGS, A CONCILIATION OFFICER HAS NO POWER TO ENFORCE HIS DECISION ON THE PARTIES. HE CAN ONLY TRY TO PERSUADE THE PARTIES TO ACCEPT HIS SUGGESTION.
  • 12. Y BHATT iii) WHAT ARE THE POWERS OF A CONCILIATION OFFICER ? AS PER Sn.11(1) AND RULE 23, HE CAN ENTER AND INSPECT ANY ESTABLISHMENT. AS PER Sn.11(4) AND RULE 17 HE CAN SUMMON ANY PERSON AS WITNESS OR COMPEL THE PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS HAVING RELEVANCE TO THE DISPUTE. AS PER Sn.33/33A AND RULES 59, 60, 61 HE CAN GRANT/REFUSE APPROVAL/PERMISSION TO PETITIONS FILED BY EMPLOYER ON DISCIPLINARY MATTERS DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION BEFORE HIM. iv) SUMMARY OF SECTIONS SECTIONS 2(d), 2(e), 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 18(3), 20, 33, 33A RULES 9, 10, 10A, 11, 12, 13, 17, 23, 58, 59, 60, 61 FORM-H
  • 13. Y BHATT b) ALL ABOUT ADJUDICATION i) WHAT IS MEANT BY ADJUDICATION ? ADJUDICATION IS A JUDICIAL (DECISION MAKING) PROCESS FOR SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES [Sn.2(aa)]. ii) WHAT ARE THE ADJUDICATING BODIES UNDER THE ID ACT ? LABOUR COURTS [Sn.2(kkb), 7, Sch.II] TRIBUNALS [Sn.2(r), 7A, Sch.III] NATIONAL TRIBUNALS [Sn.2(11), 7B, Sch.III]
  • 14. Y BHATT iii) CAN PARTIES (EMPLOYER OR WORKMEN) APPROACH THE ADJUDICATING BODIES DIRECTLY FOR DISPUTE SETTLEMENT ? UNLIKE IN THE CIVIL COURTS, PARTIES CANNOT APPROACH THE LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL DIRECTLY. DISPUTES CAN BE TAKEN UP BY LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL ONLY IF THEY ARE REFERRED TO THEM BY THE GOVERNMENT. GOVERNMENT CAN REFER THE DISPUTES AFTER RECEIPT OF THE CONCILIATION FAILURE REPORT OR WHEN THE PARTIES REQUEST THE GOVERNMENT TO MAKE A REFERENCE [Sn.10(1), 10(1A), 10(2), 10(6), 12(4), 12(5), 12(6)]. iv WHEN DOES ADJUDICATION COMMENCE AND WHEN DOES IT END ? ADJUDICATION PROCEEDINGS ARE DEEMED TO HAVE COMMENCED FROM THE DATE THE GOVERNMENT REFERRED THE DISPUTE TO LABOUR COURT/TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL. IT IS DEEMED TO HAVE CONCLUDED ON THE DATE THE AWARD BECOMES ENFORCEABLE AS PER Sn.17A [Sn.20(3)].
  • 15. Y BHATT v DUTIES OF LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL ? TO HOLD ADJUDICATING PROCEEDINGS EXPEDITIOUSLY AND SUBMIT THEIR REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME LIMIT [Sn.15, 10(2A), 16(2)]. TO CONFINE THE SCOPE OF THEIR JUDGEMENT TO THE POINTS REFERRED TO THEM FOR DETERMINATION [Sn.10(4)]. vi WHAT ARE THE POWERS OF LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL /NATIONAL TRIBUNAL ? THEY CAN ENTER ANY ESTABLISHMENT FOR FACT FINDING [Sn.11(2) AND R.23] CAN ENFORCE ATTENDANCE OF ANY PERSON AND PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS HAVING BEARING ON THE DISPUTE [Sn.11(3), R-10A, 10B]. EMPOWERED TO ADMINISTER OATHS AND ISSUE SUMMONS TO PARTIES / WITNESSES [R-16, 17, 18]. CAN APPOINT ASSESSORS TO ASSIST THEM [Sn.11(5), R-25]. CAN EXERCISE POWERS OF 'PUBLIC SERVANTS' UNDER Sn.21 OF IPC [Sn.11(6)] CAN PASS ORDERS ON AWARDING COSTS TO THE AGGTRIEVED PARTY
  • 16. Y BHATT [Sn.11(7)] CAN EXERCISE POWERS OF CIVIL COURTS FOR PURPOSES OFSn.345, 346, 348 OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE OF 1973 [Sn.11(8)]. HAS POWERS TO REVIEW DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENT ORDERS ISSUED BY MANAGEMENT AND CAN REDUCE/SUBSTITUTE PUNISHMENTS OR ORDER REINSTATEMENT WITH/WITHOUT BACK WAGES [Sn.11(A)]. HAS POWERS TO GRANT / REFUSE APPROVAL / PERMISSION PETITIONS FILED UNDER Sn.33 [Sn.33A] CAN PASS ORDERS ON MONEY CLAIM PETITIONS FILED BY WORKMEN AGAINST EMPLOYERS [Sn.33C(2)]. vii PROCEDURE FOR ENFORCING ADJUDICATION AWARDS DECISIONS GIVEN BY LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL ARE CALLED AWARDS [Sn.2(b)]. AWARDS ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE DIRECTLY. THE LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL CAN ONLY SEND THEIR FINDINGS TO THE GOVERNMENT AND CANNOT ANNOUNCE THEM DIRECTLY. [Sn.15] AFTER RECEIPT OF THE REPORT, THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT WOULD DECIDE WHETHER TO ACCEPT / MODIFY / WITH-HOLD THE REPORT - THE GOVERNMENT HAS TO ANNOUNCE THEIR DECISION THROUGH THE GAZETTE WITHIN 30 DAYS OF RECEIPT OF THE REPORT [Sn.17, 17A]. THE GOVERNMENT ORDER ON THE ADJUDICATION DECISION BECOMES ENFORCEABLE ON THE EXPIRY OF 30 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE GAZETTE NOTIFICAITON [Sn.17A].
  • 17. Y BHATT viii FOR WHAT DURATION IS THE ADJUDICATION AWARD VALID ? AN ADJUDICATION AWARD (AS PUBLISHED BY GOVERNMENT) SHALL BE IN OPERATION FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE IT BECOMES ENFORCEABLE UNDER 17A [Sn.19(3)]. GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO REDUCE THE VALIDITY PERIOD OR EVEN EXTEND THE VALIDITY PERIOD BY ONE YEAR AT A TIME SUBJECT TO THE TOTAL DURATION NOT EXCEEDING THREE YEARS [Sn.17A,19(3)]. EVEN AFTER THE NORMAL / EXTENDED PERIOD OF OPERATION, THE TERMS OF THE AWARD SHALL CONTINUE TO BE IN FORCE UNTIL ONE OF THE PARTIES SERVES A FORMAL NOTICE OF TERMINATION [Sn.19(5), 19(6), 19(7)]. ix ON WHOM ARE THE AWARDS BINDING ? IT IS BINDING ON ALL PARTIES TO THE DISPUTE. IT IS ALSO BINDING ON ALL OTHER PARTIES SUMMONED TO APPEAR IN THE PROCEEDINGS TO THE DISPUTE. ON THE EMPLOYER, HIS HEIRS,ASSIGNS ANDSUCCESSORS. ON WORKMEN CURRENTLY EMPLOYED AND WHO SUBSEQUENTLY GET EMPLOYED IN THE ESTABLISHMENTS [Sn.18(3)].
  • 18. Y BHATT c) ALL ABOUT ARBITRATION i) WHAT IS MEANT BY ARBITRATION ? IT IS A DISPUTE RESOLVING PROCESS THROUGH AN UMPIRE SELECTED BY THE DISPUTING PARTIES. ii) HOW DOES ARBITRATION DIFFER FROM ADJUDICATION AND CONCILIATION ? WHILE THE PRESIDING OFFICERS OF CONCILIATION AND ADJUDICATION PROCEEDINGS ARE FULL TIME OFFICERS APPOINTED BY GOVERNMENT, ARBITRATORS ARE ADHOC UMPIRES APPOINTED BY THE DISPUTANTS. WHILE THE CONCILIATION OFFICER HAS NO POWER TO IMPOSE HIS DECISION ON THE PARTIES, AN ARBITRATOR HAS AUTHORITY TO GIVE AN ORDER WHICH CANNOT BE CHALLENGED BY THE PARTIES.ADJUDICATORS GET THEIR POWER FROM STATUTE , ARBITRATORS ACQUIRE THEIR POWR FROM THE CONSENT OF THE PARTIES.
  • 19. Y BHATT iii) TYPES OF ARBITRATION ID ACT CONTEMPLATES TWO TYPES OF ARBITRATION, ONE UNDER SECTION 10(2) TO A LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL AND THE SECOND TYPE UNDER 10A TO ANY OTHER ARBITRATOR INCLUDING TO LABOUR COURTS OR TRIBUNALS. iv) HOW IS ARBITRATION PROCESS INITIATED [Sn.10(2)+10A] ? WHEN CONCILIATION FAILS, BEFORE SENDING THE FAILURE REPORT, THE CONCILIATION OFFICER ASKS THE PARTIES IF THEY WISH TO SEND THE DISPUTE FOR ARBITRATION. IF PARTIES DESIRE SO, THEY MUST SIGN AN ARBITRATION AGREEMENT IN FORM-C UNDER RULE 7 AND SEND IT TO THE GOVERNMENT. GOVERNMENT WILL THEN NOTIFY HIM AS AN ARBITRATOR v) AWARDS OF ARBITRATORS ARBITRATORS HEAR THE PLEADINGS OF BOTH PARTIES AND SUBMIT THEIR ORDERS TO THE GOVERNMENT WHO PROCESSES IT LIKE AN ADJUDICATION AWARD AND IT IS IMPLEMENTED LIKE AN ADJUDICATION AWARD.
  • 20. Y BHATT IV PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS a) WHAT IS MEANT BY PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS [Sn.20] ? i) THE PERIOD FROM WHICH CONCILIATION / ADJUDICATION / ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS COMMENCES AND CONCLUDES UNDER Sn.20 IS CALLED PERIOD OF PENDENCY. ii) WHEN IS CONCILIATION DEEMED TO BE PENDING - COMMENCEMENT AND CONCLUSION [Sn.20(1)(2)(a,b)] ? COMMENCEMENT : WHEN NOTICE OF STRIKE/LOCKOUT IN PUBLIC UTILITY INDUSTRIES UNDER Sn.22 IS RECEIVED BY THE CONCILIATION OFFICER OR ON THE DATE THE DISPUTE IS REFERRED TO THE CONCILIATION BOARD AND IN OTHER CASES WHEN THE CONCILIATION OFFICER ISSUES NOTICE OF CONCILIATION. CONCLUSION : IT CONCLUDES WHEN A SETTLEMENT IS SIGNED BY THE PARTIES. IF THERE IS NO SETTLEMENT WHEN THE FAILURE REPORT OF THE CONCILIATION OFFICER IS RECEIVED BY THE GOVERNMENT.
  • 21. Y BHATT iii) WHEN IS ADJUDICATION /ARBITRATION DEEMED TO BE PENDING [Sn.20(2)(C)20(3) & 17] ? COMMENCEMENT : ADJUDICATION / ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS ARE DEEMED TO COMMENCE ON THE DATE WHEN THE GOVERNMENT REFERS THE DISPUTE TO LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / NATIONAL TRIBUNAL OR ARBITRATOR UNDER SECTION 10 OR 10 A AS THE CASE MAY BE. CONCLUSION : ADJUDICATION / ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS ARE DEEMED TO HAVE CONCLUDED ON THE DATE ON WHICH THEIR AWARDS BECOME ENFORCEABLE UNDER SECTION 17 A, i.e. AFTER 30 DAYS OF THE PUBLICATION OF THE AWARD IN THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE.
  • 22. Y BHATT b) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON STRIKES / LOCKOUTS i) WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO KNOW THE PERIOD OF PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS ? AS PER SECTION 22(d) ANY STRIKE / LOCKOUT IN A PUBLIC UTILITY INDUSTRY DURING THE PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION AND SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER WOULD BE ILLEGAL [(Sn.22(d)]. ANY STRIKE / LOCKOUT IN A NON-PUBLIC UTILITY AS WELL AS PUBLIC UTILITY DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION BEFORE A BOARD AND SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER WOULD BE ILLEGAL [Sn.23(a)]. ANY STRIKE/LOCK OUT DURING THE PENDENCY OFADJUDICATION /ARBITRATION PROCEEDING AND TWO MONTHS THEREAFTER WOULD BE ILLEGAL IN BOTH PUBLIC AND NON- PUBLIC UTILITY INDUSTRIES [Sn.23(b), 23(bb)].
  • 23. Y BHATT c) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON EMPLOYER'S RIGHT TO ALTER SERVICE CONDITIONS i) WHILE EMPLOYERS ARE ENTITLED TO ALTER THE SERVICE CONDITIONS / TAKE DISCIPLINARY ACTION IN TERMS OF THEIR STANDING ORDERS DURING NORMAL TIMES; SOME RESTRICTIONS ARE PLACED ON THESE RIGHTS DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS LIKE CONCILIATION, ARBITRATION AND ADJUDICATION. ii) AS PER Sn.33(1)(a) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINS, ANY ALTERATION OF ANY MATTER CONNECTED WITH THE DISPUTE CAN BE MADE ONLY WITH EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORITY BEFORE WHOM THE DISPUTE IS PENDING [APPLY IN FORM-J UNDER RULE 60(1)[Sn.33(1)(a), R-60(1),F-J] iii) AS PER Sn.33(2)(a), EVEN DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS NO PERMISSION IS REQUIRED FOR ALTERING ANY MATTER NOT CONNECTED WITH THE DISPUTE IF THE STANDING ORDERS OR CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE CONCERNED WORKMEN ALLOW THE EMPLOYER TO MAKE SUCH ALTERATION [Sn.33(2)(a)].
  • 24. Y BHATT d) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON EMPLOYER'S RIGHT TO TAKE DISCIPLINARY ACTION i) AS PER Sn.33(1)(b) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS ANY DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENT FOR A MISCONDUCT CONNECTED WITH THE DISPUTE CAN BE TAKEN ONLY AFTER OBTAINING EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORITY BEFORE WHOM THE DISPUTE IS PENDING [APPLY IN FORM-J UNDER RULE 60(1)]. ii) AS PER Sn.33(2)(b) IF THE MISCONDUCT IS NOT CONNECTED WITH THE PENDING DISPUTE NO PRIOR PERMISSION FOR DISMISSING OR DISCHARGING IS REQUIRED BUT RATIFICATION OR APPROVAL IS TO BE TAKEN FROM THE AUTHORITY AFTER THE TERMINATION ORDER IS ISSUED. iii) WHILE ISSUING THE TERMINATION ORDER ONE FULL MONTH'S WAGES (WITHOUT ANY DEDUCTIONS) SHOULD ALSO BE PAID AND AN APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL IN FORM-K UNDER RULE 60(2) SHOULD ALSO BE SUBMITTED TO THE AUTHORITY ON THE VERY SAME DAY OF ISSUE OF THE TERMINATION ORDER [Sn.33(2)(b), R- 60(2),F-K].
  • 25. Y BHATT NOTE : IF APPROVAL IS REFUSED THE WORKMAN WILL HAVE TO BE REINSTATED WITH BACK WAGES. e) IMPACT OF PENDENCY ON TAKING ACTION AGAINST 'PROTECTED WORKMEN' AS PER Sn.33(3) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS, TRADE UNION OFFICE BEARERS WHO QUALIFY FOR THE STATUS OF 'PROTECTED WORKMEN' UNDER RULE 61 SHOULD NOT BE PUNISHED OR TERMINATED WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE AUTHORITY CONCERNED [AN APPLICATION FOR PERMISSION UNDER RULE 60(1) IS TO BE MADE IN FORM-J] [Sn.33(3), R- 60(1),F-J].
  • 26. Y BHATT f) WORKMEN'S MODE OF SEEKING RELIEF FOR EMPLOYERS VIOLATION OF SECTION-33 i) IF DURING THE PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS THE EMPLOYER HAS ALTERTED THE SERVICE CONDITIONS VIOLATING Sn.33(1)(a) OR 33(2)(a) OR PUNISHED A WORKMAN IN VIOLATION OF Sn.33(1)(b) OR 33(2)(b) OR PUNISHED A PROTECTED WORKMAN (OFFICE BEARER) IN VIOLATION OF SECTION 33(3), THE AGGRIEVED WORKMAN CAN FILE A COMPLAINT TO THE AUTHORITY IN FORM-I UNDER RULE 59 AND Sn.33A [Sn.33(A), R-59,F-I]. ii) THE AUTHORITY CONCERNED WILL MAKE AN ENQUIRY AND AFTER HEARING THE PARTIES WILL PASS APPROPRIATE ORDERS GRANTING OR REFUSING APPROVAL OR PERMISSION AS THE CASE MAY BE [Sn.33A].
  • 27. Y BHATT NOTE : 1 IF APPROVAL IS REFUSED WORKMAN HAS TO BE REINSTATED 2 WHEN PERMISSION IS REQUIRED, ACTION BY EMPLOYER CAN BE ONLY AFTER GETTING WRITTEN PERMISSION 3 EVEN IF APPROVAL/PERMISSION IS GRANTED UNDER Sn.33A, THE WORKMAN IS NOT BARRED FROM CHALLEGING THE ACTION AND RAISING A DISPUTE FOR REINSTATEMENT UNDER SECTION 2(K) OR 2(A).
  • 28. Y BHATT SIGNIFICANCE OF SECTION 33 OF THE I.D.ACT 1947 I SIGNIFICANCE OF SECTION 33 - IT PLACES CERTAIN TEMPORARY RESTRICTIONS ON EMPLOYERS RIGHT TO: MAKE CHANGES IN SERVICE CONDITONS OF WORKMEN TO AWARD PUNISHMENT OF DISMISSAL/DISCHARGE ON ANY WORKMAN TO IMPOSE ANY KIND OF PUNISHMENT ON UNION OFFICE BEARERS TREATED AS ‘PROTECTED WORKMEN’ II ARE THESE RESTRICTIONS ALWAYS APPLICABLE ? - NO. [THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS IF NO PROCEEDING IS PENDING [Sn 33(1)]
  • 29. Y BHATT III THEN WHEN ARE THEY APPLICABLE ? - IT APPLIES ONLY DURING ‘THE PERIOD OF PENDENCY OF ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PROCEEDINGS: - - - CONCILIATION ADJUDICATION ARBITRATION [Sn 33(1)] IV WHAT IS MEANT BY ‘PERIOD OF PENDENCY’ ? -     - CONCILIATION IS DEEMED TO COMMENCE AND CONCLUDE WHEN CONTINGENCIES MENTIONED IN SECTION 20(1) 20(2) ARE SATISFIED   SIMILARLY ‘ADJUDICATION’ & ‘ARBITRATION’ ARE DEEMED TO COMMENCE & CONCLUDE WHEN CONTINGENCIES MENTIONED IN SECTION 20(3) IS SATISFIED.   Note: THE INTERVENING PERIOD IS CALLED THE PERIOD OF PENDENCY
  • 30. Y BHATT V WHAT IS THE NATURE OF RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED CONTINGENCY TAKE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION TAKE POST FACTO APPROVAL ALTERATION OF SERVICE CONDITIONS A WHEN EMPLOYER WANTS TO ALTER A MATTER/ SERVICE CONDITION WHICH IS THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE DISPUTE ACTION ONLY AFTER GETTING PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM AUTHORITY NA B WHEN SERVICE CONDITIONS / ANY OTHER MATTER NOT CONNECTED WITH THE PENDING DISPUTE ARE TO BE ALTERED IN CASE OF PERSONS CONCERNED IN THE DISPUTE [Sn 33(2)(a)]     NA NO PERMISSION OR APPROVAL IS REQUIRED IF THE ACTION IS AS PER APPLICABLE STANDING ORDER PROVISIONS OR PREVAILING SERVICE RULES.
  • 31. Y BHATT PROTECTED WORKMEN PUNISHING ‘PROTECTED WORKMEN’ [Sn 33(3), R-62] ANY KIND OF PUNISHMENT TO ‘PROTECTED WORKMEN’ MUST BE GIVEN ONLY AFTER APPLYING AND GETTING WRITTEN PERMISSION IF NOT A ‘PROTECTED WORKMAN’ FILE APPROVAL PETITION (ONLY FOR TERMINATION CASES) VI WHERE TO FILE APPROVAL /PERMISSION APPLICATIONS PERMISSION OR APPROVAL APPLICATIONS TO BE FILED BEFORE THE DISPUTE PENDING AUTHORITY IF DISPUTE PENDING BEFORE MORE THAN ONE AUTHROTITY – EMPLOYER CAN CHOOSE ANY ONE OF THEM
  • 32. Y BHATT VII IS THERE ANY SPECIFIC FORMAT SEE THE APPLICABLE STATE RULES IN KERALA THE APPLICABLE RULE & FORMAT ARE AS FOLLOWS: CONTINGENCY RULE NO. IN FORM NO. FOR PERMISSION PETITIONS 61(1) & (3) (4) & (5) J FOR APPROVAL PETITIONS 61(2) (3) (4) & (5) K VIII WHAT CAN A WORKMAN DO WHEN EMPLOYER DOES NOT COMPLY WITH SECTION 33 AS PER SECTION 33(A) AND RULE 60 (1) (2) (3) (4) HE CAN FILE A COMPLAINT TO THE AUTHORITY BEFORE WHOM PROCEEDING IS PENDING IX CONSEQUENCES OF APPROVALS NOT BEING GRANTED THE WORKMAN HAS TO BE REINSTATED IN SERVICE AND GIVEN FULL BACK PAY AND BENEFITS [Sn 33(A)]
  • 33. Y BHATT X GENERAL EVEN IF APPROVAL/PERMISSION IS GIVEN UNDER SECTION 33, WORKMAN CAN RAISE A SEPARATE DISPUTE CHALLENGING HIS DISMISSAL [Sn-2(A) & 11A] EVEN IF NO APPLCATION FOR PERMISSION/APPROVAL IS MADE, DISMISSAL/DISCIPLINARY ACTION WILL NOT BE IPSO FACTO ILLEGAL. EMPLOYERS CAN STILL JUSTIFY HIS ACTION WHEN CASE COMES UP BEFORE LABOUR COURT. EVEN IN PERMISSION CASES THE EMPLOYER CAN FILE THE PERMISSION APPLCIATION AND PARALLALY PLACE THE WORKMAN UNDER SUSPENSION PENDING ENQUIRY PROVIDED HE IS PAID THE APPLICABLE SUBSISTENCE ALLOWANCE TILL THE PERMISSION APPLICATION IS DISPOSED OF.
  • 34. Y BHATT V LEGALITY AND ILLEGALITIES a) PROVISIONS ON 'STRIKE & LOCKOUT' PROVISIONS SECTIONS 2(q), 2(l), 2(n), 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,28 RULES 71, 72, 73, 74 FORMS L, M, N AND SCHEDULE I i) INGREDIENTS OF STRIKE & LOCKOUTS STRIKE [2(q)] BY WORKMEN REFUSAL TO WORK OR ACCEPT EMPLOYMENT BY A BODY OF PERSONS IN 'INDUSTRY' [2(j)] IF UNDER A COMMON UNDERSTANDING OR ACTING IN CONCERT LOCKOUT [2(l)] BY EMPLOYER TEMPORARY CLOSING OF PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT, OR REFUSAL TO CONTINUE TO EMPLOY PERSONS EMPLOYED BY AN EMPLOYER
  • 35. Y BHATT ii) IS NOTICE OF STRIKE/LOCKOUT MANDATORY MANDATORY [2(n), SCH-I, 22(1), 22(2), 23(1)]: IF INDUSTRY FALLS UNDER DEFINITION OF 'PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE' AS PER SECTION 2(n), SCH-I OR IF THE TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT (APPOINTMENT LETTER) OR STANDING ORDER REQUIRES GIVING OF NOTICE. NON MANDATORY [22(3), 23(1)] : IN NON-PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE, UNLESS STANDING ORDERS OR APPOINTMENT ORDERS STIPULATES GIVING OF NOTICE, OR IT IS IN RETALIATION FOR A STRIKE OR LOCKOUT.
  • 36. Y BHATT iii) WHEN WOULD STRIKES OR LOCKOUTS BE ILLEGAL IN 'PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE' [22(1)& (2), 23, 30, 19] WHEN STRIKE / LOCKOUT IS COMMENCED : a) WITHOUT GIVING ATLEST 14 DAYS NOTICE b) COMMENCED AFTER 42 DAYS OF NOTICE c) PRIOR TO DATE INDICATED IN THE NOTICE d) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE CONCILIATION OFFICER/BOARD AND SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER e) DURING PENDENCY OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / ARBITRATORS AND TWO MONTHS THEREAFTER f) DURING THE PERIOD WHEN A SETTLEMENT OR AWARD IS IN OPERATION ON MATTERS COVERED
  • 37. Y BHATT IN NON-PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE [23, 20, 19] WHEN STRIKE / LOCKOUT IS COMMENCED : a) IN BREACH OF CONTRACT b) DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION BEFORE A BOARD AND SEVEN DAYS THEREAFTER c) DURING PENDENCY OF CONCILIATION BEFORE LABOUR COURT / TRIBUNAL / ARBITRATOR AND TWO MONTHS THEREAFTER d) DURING THE PERIOD ON MATTERS COVERED WHEN A SETTLEMENT OR AWARD IS IN OPERATION. NOTE : A STRIKE/LOCK OUT LEGALLY COMMENCED WOULD BECOME ILLEGAL IF CONTINUED AFTER GOVERNMENT BANS IT UNDER SECTION 10(4A) AND 24
  • 38. Y BHATT iv) MANNER OF GIVING STRIKE/LOCKOUT NOTICE STRIKE [22(4)] NOTICE SHALL BE GIVEN IN FORM-L. AS PRESCRIBED UNDER RULE 71 OF CENTRAL RULE OR CORRESPONDING STATE RULE LOCKOUT [22(5)]. NOTICE SHALL BE GIVEN IN FORM-M AS PRESCRIBED UNDER RULE 72 OF CENTRAL RULE OR CORRESPONDING STATE RULE. v) DUTY OF EMPLOYER ON RECEIVING / GIVING NOTICE ON RECEIVING STRIKE NOTICE / OR GIVING LOCKOUT NOTICE. [RULES 71, 72, 73, 74 AND Sn.22(3), 22(6)]. SHOULD INFORM THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT WITHIN FIVE DAYS OF RECEIPT OF NOTICE [22(6)] AND ALSO FORTHWITH INFORM THE CONCILIATION OFFICER [RULE-71(2)]. LOCKOUT NOTICE MUST BE DISPLAYED ON NOTICE BOARD AT THE ENTRANCE [RULE- 72]. A REPORT ON STRIKE / LOCKOUT SHOLD BE SENT IN FORM-N AS PER SECTION 22(3), RULES 73, 74.
  • 39. Y BHATT vi) CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL STRIKES / LOCKOUTS ON WORKMEN - ALL WORKMEN NO WAGES - INSTIGATORS COULD BE PUNISHED/IMPRISONED UNDER SECTIONS 26, 27, 28. ON EMPLOYER - WILL HAVE TO PAY WAGES AND CAN BE PUNISHED/IMPRISONED UNDER SECTIONS 26, 27, 28. ON ANY PERSON - ANY PERSON EXTENDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FURTHER AN ILLEGAL STRIKE OR LOCKOUT WOULD BE VIOLATING SECTION 25.
  • 40. Y BHATT vii) ROLE OF CONCILIATION OFFICER WHEN STRIKE NOTICE IS ISSUED [Sn.12(1)] - HE MAY HOLD CONCILIATION MEETINGS IF NOTICE IS IN NON- PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE. - HE MUST HOLD CONCILIATION MEETINGS IF NOTICE IS IN PUBLIC UTILITY INDUSTRY. NOTE : IN THE SYNDICATE BANK CASE [1994 II LLJ 836] SUPREME COURT HELD THAT WORKMEN ON STRIKE WOULD BE ELIGIBLE TO CLAIM WAGES ONLY IF THEY ESTABLISH THAT THEIR STRIKE WAS LEGAL AND JUSTIFIED. IF IT WAS ONLY LEGAL BUT NOT JUSTIFIED, NO WAGES IS PAYABLE.
  • 41. Y BHATT WHAT IS PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE & ITS SIGNIFICANCE I SIGNIFICANCE a) UNDER SECTION 2(n) OF THE ID ACT 1947 CERTAIN CATEGORY OF INDUSTRIES HAVE BEEN DECLARED AS PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES. b) AS PER SECTIONS 22 TO 24 MORE STRINGENT PROVISONS HAVE BEEN PRESCRIBED FOR DECLARING LOCK OUTS (BY EMPLOYERS) OR FOR ORGANISING STRIKES (BY WORKMEN) IN SUCH INDUSTRIES. II CONSEQUENCE a) NON-OBSERVANCE BY EMPLOYERS WOULD MAKE THE LOCK OUT ILLEGAL AND MAKE THE WORKMEN ELIGIBLE FOR WAGES FOR THE PERIOD OF ILLEGAL LOCK OUT. b) NON-OBSERVANCE BY WORKMEN WOULD MAKE THE STRIKE ILLEGAL AND MAKE THEM DISENTITLED FOR WAGES FOR THE STRIKE PERIOD.
  • 42. Y BHATT III CATEGORIES OF INDUSTRIES FALLING UNDER 'PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE' SECTION 2(n) DECLARES CERTAIN TYPES OF DINDUSTRIES TO BE PERMANENTLY PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES AND SOME OTHERS WHICH COULD BE DELCARED AS PUBLIC UTILITIES FOR TEMPORARY PERIODS OF SIX MONTHS AT A TIME. a) PERMANENT PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES [Sn.2(n)(I TO v)] i) ANY RAIL/TRANSPORT/AIR SERVICES/SERVICES IN MAJOR PORTS OR DOCKS ii) ANY SECTION OF AN INDUSTRY THE WORKING OF WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR ENSURING SAFETY OF WORKMEN EMPLOYED. iii) POST/TELEGRAPH/TELEPHONE SERVICES iv) INDUSTRIES SUPPLYING POWER/LIGHT OR WATER TO PUBLIC v) ANY SYSTEM OF PUBLIC CONSERVANCY SANITATION.
  • 43. Y BHATT b) TEMPORARY PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES i) SECTION 2n(vi) EMPOWERS THE CENTRAL/STATE GOVERNMENTS TO DECLARE ANY INDUSTRY LISTED IN SCHEDULE -I OF THE ID ACT AS PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES ii) SUCH DECLARATIONS BY THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT IS VALID FOR SIX MONTHS FROMDATE OF NOTIFICATION IN GAZETTE. iii) GOVERNMENT CAN EXTEND THE VALIDITY BY RENEWING THE DECLARATION AT THE END OF EACH SIX MONTH. iv) IF THE DECLARATIONS ARE NOT RENEWED SUCH NOTIFIED INDUSTRIES WOULD COME OUT OF THE DEFINITION OF PUBLIC UTILITY. v) AS PER SCHEDULE-I, THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES OF INDUSTRIES COULD BE CLARED AS PUBLIC UTILITY FOR SIX MONTHLY SPELLS THROUGH A GAZETTE NOTIFICATIONS:
  • 44. Y BHATT 1 TRANSPORT SERVICES 2 BANKING 3 CEMENT 4 COAL 5 COTTON TEXTILES 6 FOOD STUFFS 7 IRON & STEEL 8 DEFENCE ESTABLISHMENTS 9 HOSPITALS & DISPENSARIES 10 FIRE BRIGADE 11 GOVERNMENT MINTS 12 INDIA SECURITY PRESSES 13 COPPER MINING 14 IRON ORE MINING 15 LEAD MINING 16 ZINC MINING 17 SERVICE IN ANY OIL FIELD 18 SERVICE IN URANIUM INDUSTRY 19 PYRITES MINING INDUSTRY 20 SECURITY PAPER , MILL, HOSHANGABD 21 SERVICES IN THE BANK 22 PHOSPHORITE MINING 23 MAGNESITE MINING 24 CURRENCY NOTE PRESS 25 FERTILIZER INDUSTRY 26 MANUFACTURING, MARKETING & DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SCHEDULE-I
  • 45. Y BHATT b) PROVISIONS IN LAYOFF i) WHAT SECTIONS AND CHAPTERS OF ID ACT REGULATE LAY OFF ? SECTIONS 2(kkk), 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25E OF CHAPTER VA AND SECTIONS 25K, 25L, 25M, 25Q, AND 25S OF CHAPTER VB. ii) WHAT IS LAY OFF' ? AS PER SECTION 2(kkk) LAY OFF IS THE INABILITY / FAILURE / REFUSAL OF THE EMPLOYER TO GIVE EMPLOYMENT TO WORKMEN ON HIS MUSTER ROLLS (EXCLUDES BADLIS AND CASUALS) ON ACCOUNT OF : - SHORTAGE OF COAL / POWER / RAW MATERIALS - ACCUMULATION OF STOCKS - BREAKDOWN OF MACHINERY - NATURAL CALAMITY (LIKE FLOODS / EARTHQUAKE / FIRE / LIGHTNING, ETC) OR - ANY OTHER CONNECTED REASON
  • 46. Y BHATT iii) IS THE LAY OFF PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL INDUSTRIES FALLING UNDER Sn 2(j) ? NO - LAY OFF PROVISIONS ARE APPLICABLE ONLY TO A LIMITED CATEGORY OF INDUSTRIES LIKE FACTORES, MINES AND PLANTATIONS, THAT TOO IF THEY ARE EMPLOYING MORE THAN 50 WORKMEN ON THE AVERAGE [25A(b) & 25 (k)]. IF THE ESTABLISHMENT IS OF SEASONAL CHARACTER OR IS OPERATING ONLY INTERMITTENTLY ALSO LAY OFF PROVISIONS WILL NOT APPLY [SEE SECTIONS 25A(b) & 25(k)]. iv) ARE WORKMEN REQUIRED TO PUT IN A MINIMUM QUALIFYING SERVICE FOR BEING ELIGIBLE FOR LAY OFF COMPENSATION ? AS PER SECTION 25(B) ONLY WORKMEN WHO HAVE PUT IN ONE YEAR 'CONTINUOUS SERVICE' (RECKONED FROM THE DATE OF LAY OFF) ARE ELIGIBLE TO LAY OFF COMPENSATION. ONE YEAR CONTINUOUS SERVICE MEANS PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT OR WORKING FOR 240 DAYS IN A PERIOD OF 12 MONTHS. 240 DAYS WILL INCLUDE DAYS OF SICKNESS/EARNED LEAVE AVAILED/ACCIDENT LEAVE/MATERNITY LEAVE/STRIKE WHICH IS NOT ILLEGAL/LOCK OUT DAYS/AND CESSATION OF WORK NOT DUE TO FAULT OF WORKMAN.
  • 47. Y BHATT v) ARE ANY CATEGORY OF WORKMEN EXCLUDED FROM LAY OFF BENEFITS ? AS PER SECTION 25(C) AND 25(M) BADLIS AND CASUALS ARE INELIGIBLE UNLESS THEY HAVE PUT IN 240 DAYS ATTENDANCE IN 12 MONTHS PRIOR TO DATE OF LAY OFF. vi) IS PRIOR GOVERNMENT APPROVAL REQUIRED FOR LAYING OFF WORKMEN ? ESTABLISHSMENTS EMPLOYING AVERAGE OF 50 WORKMEN OR MORE DURING THE MONTH PRIOR TO LAY OFF AND EMPLOYING LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN ON AN AVERAGE ARE REGULATED BY PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER VA AND NEED NOT TAKE ANY PERMISSION. ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH EMPLOYED AVERAGE OF 100 OR MORE WORKMEN DURING THE 12 MONTHS PRIOR TO LAY OFF ARE REGULATED BY CHAPTER VB AND MUST OBTAIN PRIOR PERMISSION FROM APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT.
  • 48. Y BHATT NOTE FOR ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING MORE THAN 51% CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SHARE CAPITAL THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT FOR LAY OFF WILL BE ONLY THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND NOT THE STATE GOVERNMENT [SEE Sn.25(L)(b)]. vii) WHAT HAPPENS IF PERMISSION IS NOT APPLIED FOR OR PERMISSION IS DENIED BY GOVERNMENT ? WORKMEN WILL BE ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE FULL WAGES FOR THE ENTIRE LAY OFF PERIOD. viii) WHAT IS THE NORMAL RATE OF LAY OFF COMPENSATION ? NORMAL RATE OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE IS 50% OF BASIC + DA [25(C) IF PERMISSION IS REFUSED OR NOT OBTAINED MUST PAY FULL WAGES [25 (M)(8)].
  • 49. Y BHATT ix) WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING FOR PERMISSION ? ESTABLISHMENTS ATTRACTED BY CHAPTER VB MUST SUBMIT APPLICATION TO APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT IN FORM-03. MUST ALSO NOTIFY REGIONAL LABOUR COMMISSIONER THE COMMENCEMENT AND CONCLUSION OF LAY OFF IN FORMS 01 AND 02 WITHIN 7 DAYS [SECTIONS 25(M) AND R 75A]. GOVERNMENT MAY GRANT / REFUSE PERMISSION WITHIN 60 DAYS OF SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION. IF NO REPLY FROM GOVERNMENT - AFTER 60 DAYS PERMISSION CAN BE ASSUMED [SECTION 25(M)(5)]. x) CAN EMPLOYER DENY LAY OFF PAYMENT IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES ? UNDER CERTAIN CONTINGENCIES MENTIONED IN SECTION 25(E) ESTABLISHMENTS ATTRACTED BY CHAPTER VA CAN REFUSE TO PAY LAY OFF COMPENSATION. IF WORKMEN REFUSE TO ACCEPT ALTERNATE EMPLOYMENT UNDER SAME EMPLOYER WITHIN RADIUS OF 5 MILES [25(E)(1)]. IF HE DOES NOT REPORT FOR GIVING ATTENDANCE [25(E)(2)]. IF LAY OFF IS DUE TO STRIKE OR GO SLOW BY ANOTHER SECTION OF WORKMEN [25(E)(3)].
  • 50. Y BHATT NOTE THIS DENIAL OF COMPENSATION IS NOT APPLICABLE TO ESTABLISHMENTS FALLING UNDER CHAPTER VB. xi) CAN AN EMPLOYER RESORT TO RETRENCHMENT AFTER CERTAIN DURATION OF LAY OFF ? AS PER SECTION 25 C AN EMPLOYER GOVERNED BY CHAPTER VA (NOT APPLICABLE TO CHAPTER V B) CAN AFTER 45 DAYS LAY OFF IN 12 MONTHS RETRENCH HIS WORKMEN OR SIGN A SETTLEMENT WITH THE WORKMEN TO RETAIN THEM ON THE MUSTER ROLLS WITHOUT PAYMENT OF LAY OFF COMPENSATION. IF HE RESORTS TO RETRENCHMENT HE MUST FOLLOW THE PROCEDURE AND PROVISIONS OF RETRENCHMENT STIPULATED IN SECTION 25F. WHILE PAYING RETRENCHMENT COMPENSATION HE CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF ALY OFF COMPENSATION PAID DURING THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS [25(C )]. xii) WHAT ARE THE EMPLOYERS OBLIGATIONS ? TO MAINTAIN MUSTER ROLL OF WORKMEN [Sn.25(D)] APPLY FOR PERMISSION IN FORM 03 [Sn.25(M)(2)] SUBMIT RETURN IN FORMS 0-1 AND 02 [Sn.25(M)(2)] PAY HALF/FULL WAGES AS COMPENSATION [Sn.25© & 25(M)]
  • 51. Y BHATT C PROVISIONS ON 'RETRENCHMENT' i) WHAT AMOUNTS TO RETRENCHMENT [DEFINITION SECTION 2(00)] ? AS PER SECTION 2(00) ALL TYPES OF TERMINATION OF A WORKMAN BY AN EMPLOYER WOULD BE RETRENCHMENT, UNLESS IT IS A TERMINATION BY WAY OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION OR IT FALLS UNDER ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FOUR EXCEPTIONS : 1) VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 2) RETIREMENT ON REACHING THE AGE OF SUPERANNUATION (IF THERE IS A STIPULATION IN THE CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT) 3) TERMINATION RESULTING OUT OF NON-RENEWAL OF A FIXED TERM CONTRACT EMPLOYMENT. 4) TERMINATION ON ACCOUNT OF CONTINUED ILL- HEALTH.
  • 52. Y BHATT ii) IS PRIOR PERMISSION REQUIRED FROM THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT FOR RESORTING TO RETRENCHMENT ? NO PERMISSION REQUIRED IF ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYED LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN (AVERAGE FOR THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) -Sn.25K. MAKING OF APPLICATION AND OBTAINING PRIOR PERMISSION FROM APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT (OR NOTIFIED AUTHORITY) IS REQUIRED IN ESTABLISHMENTS (LIKE 'FACTORIES', 'MINES' AND 'PLANTATIONS' ONLY) WHICH EMPLOYED MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN (AVERAGE FOR PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) Sn.25N(1)(b), 25L(a), 25L(b), AND 2(a)]. SUCH APPLICATION FOR PRIOR PERMISSION SHOULD BE MADE IN ADVANCE AND IF NOT TURNED DOWN, AFTER 60 DAYS IT CAN BE PRESUMED THAT PERMISSION IS GIVEN - Sn.25N(4). NOTE 1) WHILE GIVING OF NOTICE AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION TO WORKMEN IS APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, THE REQUIREMENT OF APPLYING AND OBTAINING PRIOR GOVERNMENT PERMISSION IS APPLICABLE ONLY TO THREE CATEGORIES OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, VIZ FACTORIES, MINES AND PLANTATIONS [25L(a)]. 2) PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS IN WHICH CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS AT LEAST 51% SHARE CAPITAL SHOULD APPLY AND OBTAIN PERMISSION FROM THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND NOT THE STATE GOVERNMENT EVEN IF THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT FOR THEM UNDER SECTION 2(a) IS THE STATE GOVERNMENT [SEE Sn.25L(b)].
  • 53. Y BHATT iii) POWER OF GOVERNMENT TO GRANT/REFUSE/REVIEW PERMISSION [25 N(1) TO (9)] UNDER Sn.25N(3) GOVERNMENT CAN GRANT/REFUSE PERMISSION, BUT MUST GIVE REASON FOR THIS TO EMPLOYER AND WORKMEN. UNDER Sn.25N(6) GOVERNMENT CAN REVERSE ITS EARLIER ORDER GRANTING OR REFUSING PERMISSION AND ISSUE FRESH ORDERS. GOVERNMENT CAN ALTERNATIVELY UNDER Sn.25N(6) REFER THE ISSUE OF PERMISSION TO TRIBUNAL FOR GRANTING OR REFUSING PERMISSION AND SUCH TRIBUNAL SHOULD PASS AN ORDER IN 30 DAYS. ANY ORDER PASSED BY GOVERNMENT/APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY SHALL AS PER Sn.25N(5) BE BINDING FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR. NOTE IF WORKMEN HAVE BEEN RETRENCHED WITHOUT PERMISSION (IN ABOVE 100 WORKMEN CASE) OR PERMISSION HAS BEEN REFUSED THE AFFECTED WORKMEN WILL GET ALL BENEFITS AS IF THEY WERE NEVER TERMINATED [Sn.25N(7)].
  • 54. Y BHATT iv) NOTICE, IF ANY, REQUIRED TO BE GIVEN TO WORKMEN TO BE RETRENCHED IN SMALLER ESTABLISHMENTS (AVERAGE LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN) MINIMUM ONE MONTH’S NOTICE OR ONE MONTH’S PAY IN LIEU OF NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN [Sn. 25F(a)] IN LARGER ESTABLISHMENTS( AVERAGE MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN) MINIMUM THREE MONTHS NOTICE OR THREE MONTH’S PAY IN LIEU OF NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN [Sn. 25 N(1)(a)]. v) EXTENT OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO RETRENCHED WORKMEN ELIGIBLE FOR 15 DAYS AVERAGE PAY FOR EVERY COMPLETED YEAR OF CONTIINUOUS SERVICE OR PART IN EXCESS OF SIX MONTHS IF THE WORKMEN SATISFIES THE REQUIREMENT OF ATTENDANCE UNDER Sn. 25B(1) & (2) [Sn.25N(9), 25F(b), AND 25B(1) & (2)]. IF UNDER ANY OTHER LAW OR STANDING ORDERS WORKMEN ARE ELIGIBLE TO A HIGHER QUANTUM OF COMPENSATION, THAT HIGHER QUANTUM WILL PREVAIL [Sn.25J(1)].
  • 55. Y BHATT NOTE IN ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN (AVERAGE OF THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) IF LAY OFF HAS EXCEEDED 45 DAYS DURING THE IMMEDIATE PRECEDING 12 MONTHS, THE LAY OFF COMPENSATION PAID CAN BE OFFSET FROM THE RETRENCHMENT COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO THE WORKMEN [25C (PROVISO)]. vi) PROCEDURE FOR RESORTING TO RETRENCHMENT NOTICE MUST BE SENT TO THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT /NOTIFIED AUTHORITY IN FORM P UNDER RULE 76. APPLICATION FOR PERMISSION MUST BE MADE IN FORM PA UNDER RULE 76-A(1) OR FORM PB UNDER RULE 76-A(2) AS THE CASE MAY BE. A CATEGORY WISE WORKMEN SENIORITY LIST MUST BE PREPARED AND IN EACH CATEGORY THE LEAST SENIOR, MUST GO OUT FIRST - EXCEPTIONS CAN BE MADE WITH PROPER REASONS RECORDED AND THE SENIORITY LIST SHOLD BE DISPLAYED AS PER RULE 77 [Sn.25G].
  • 56. Y BHATT vii) HAVE RETRENCHED WORKMEN THE RIGHT TO RE- EMPLOYMENT ? IF AT ANY LATER DATE THE PLANT OR PROCESS IS RESTARTED, RETRENCHED WORKMEN SHOULD BE GIVEN PREFERENCE FO RE- EMPLOYMENT AND THE INTIMATION GIVEN TO THE CONCERNED WORKMEN AND UNION AND NOTICE DISPLAYED AT LEAST 10 DAYS BEFORE FILLING UP THE VACANCY. [Sn.25H, R-78]. viii) IMPACT OF OTHER LAWS ANY PROVISION ON RETRENCHMENT IN ANY OTHER LAW OR STANDING ORDERS INCONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS IN THE ID ACT SHALL BE NULL AND VOID. HOWEVER, IF MORE BENEFICIAL TERMS EXIST THOSE WILL PREVAIL [Sn.25J]. Ix) CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLATING THE PROVISIONS ON RETRENCHMENT AS PER Sn.25Q IMPRISONMENT UPTO ONE MONTH OR Rs.1000/- FINE OR BOTH.
  • 57. Y BHATT x) SUMMARY OF SECTIONS ON RETRENCHMENT SECTIONS 2(00), 25B, 25C, 25F, 25G, 25H, 25J, 25K, 25L, 25Q, 25S RULES : 76, 76A, 77, 78 FORMS:P, PA, PB d) PROVISIONS ON 'CLOSURE' i) WHAT AMOUNTS TO CLOSURE [2n.2(cc)] ? A PERMANENT CLOSURE OF (a) A PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT, OR (b) A PART OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.
  • 58. Y BHATT ii) IS PRIOR PERMISSION REQUIRED FROM THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT FOR CLOSING DOWN AN ESTABLISHMENT ? NO PERMISSION REQUIRED IF ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYED LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN (AVERAGE FOR PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) [Sn.25 K] MAKING OF APPLICATION AND OBTAINING PRIOR PERMISSION FROM APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT (OR NOTIFIED AUTHORITY) IS REQUIRED IF THE ESTABLISHMENT IS A 'FACTORY', 'MINE' OR 'PLANTATION' WHICH EMPLOYED MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN (AVERAGE OF PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) [Sn.25-O(I), 25L(a), 25L(b), 2(a)]. SUCH APPLICATION FOR PRIOR PERMISSION SHOLD BE SUBMITTED AT LEAST 90 DAYS IN ADVANCE OF PROPOSED DATE OF CLOSURE - COPY OF APPLICATION TO BE SENT TO UNION/WORKMEN REPRESENTATIVES [25(O)(1)] IF NO REPLY IS RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENT WITHIN 60 DAYS, APPROVAL CAN BE PRESUMED [25(O)(3)]. NOTE 1) PRIOR PERMISSION REQUIRED ONLY FOR 'FACTORIES', 'MINES' AND 'PLANTATIONS'. 2) PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS IN WHICH CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS AT LEAST 51% SHARE CAPITAL SHOLD APPLY AND OBTAIN PERMISSION FROM CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND NOT THE STATE GOVERNMENT EVEN IF THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT FOR THEM UNDER SECTION 2(a) IS THE STATE GOVERNMENT [Sn.25L(b), 2(a)].
  • 59. Y BHATT iii) POWER OF GOVERNMENT TO GRANT/REFUSE/REVIEW PERMISSION UNDER Sn.25(O)(2) GOVERNMENT CAN GRANT/REFUSE PERMISSION, BUT MUST GIVE REASON FOR THIS TO EMPLOYER AND WORKMEN. UNDER Sn.25(O)(5) GOVERNMENT CAN REVERSE ITS EARLIER ORDER GRANTING OR REFUSING PERMISSION AND ISSUE FRESH ORDERS. GOVERNMENT CAN ALTERNATIVELY UNDER Sn.25(O)(5) REFER THE ISSUE OF PERMISSION TO A TRIBUNAL FOR GRANTING OR REFUSING PERMISSION AND SUCH TRIBUNAL SHOULD PASS AN ORDER IN 30 DAYS. ANY ORDER PASSED BY GOVERNMENT/APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY SHALL AS PER Sn.25(O)(4) BE BINDING FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR. IF NO ORDER IS PASSED WITHIN 60 DAYS OF MAKING APPLICATION AS PER Sn.25(O)(3) IT CAN BE PRESUMED THAT PERMISSION HAS BEEN GIVEN.
  • 60. Y BHATT NOTE : 1) WHERE THE ESTABLISHSMENT HAS BEEN CLOSED WITHOUT MAKING AN APPLICATION OR WITHOUT OBTAINING PERMISSION FROM THE GOVERNMENT OR WHEN THE PERMISSION HAS BEEN REFUSED AS PER Sn.25(O)(6), AFFECTED WORKMEN WILL BE ENTITLED TO ALL BENEFITS AND BE TREATED AS IF THE UNDERTAKING WAS NOT CLOSED DOWN. 2) IN CASES LIKE CLOUSURE DUE TO DEATH OF AN EMPLOYER OR DUE TO ACCIDENT IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AS PER Sn. 25(O)(7) GOVERNMENT CAN GRANT RELAXATION OR EXEMPTION FROM THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS ON CLOSURE.
  • 61. Y BHATT Iv) NOTICE, IF ANY, REQUIRED TO BE GIVEN BEFORE CLOSURE OF UNDERTAKING AS PER Sn.25FFA AND RULE 76B IN SMALLER ESTABLISHMENTS (EMPLOYING LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN BUT ABOVE 50 WORKMEN) NOTICE OF CLOSURE IN FORM 'Q' MUST BE GIVEN BY REGISTERED POST TO : a) APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT b) REGIONAL LABOUR COMMISSIONER c) EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE CONCERNED IN LARGER ESTABLISHMENT (EMPLOYING MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN ON AN AVERAGE FOR PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) AS PER Sn.25(O)(1) AND RULE 76 C NOTICE OF CLOSURE MUST BE GIVEN IN FORM 'QA' TO THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT BY REGISTEREDPOST. IN ADDITION TO NOTICE UNDER S n.25(O)(3) AND RULE 76C IN FORM 'QB' (IN TRIPLICATE) MUST BE SENT BY REGISTERED POST TO THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT. AS PER RULE 76C(3) THE EMPLOYER IS BOUND TO SUPPLY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, IF ANY, CALLED FOR BY GOVERNMENT. AS PER RULE 76C(2) THE DATE ON WHICH THE REGISTERED POST IS RECEIVED BY GOVERNMENT SHALL BE TREATED AS THE DATE OF FILING THE APPLICATION FOR PERMISSION.
  • 62. Y BHATT v) EXTENT OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO AFFECTED WORKMEN AS PER Sn.25FFF IN SMALLER ESTABLISHMENTS (AVERAGE LESS THAN 100 WORKMEN) WORKMEN SATISFYING THE ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENT OF Sn.25B ARE ENTITLED TO COMPENSATION AS IF THEY WERE RETRENCHED (15 DAYS WAGES PER YEAR OF SERVICE). HOWEVER, IF THE ESTABLISHMENT CAN JUSTIFY THAT IT HAD TO BE CLOSED DOWN DUE TO CIRCUMSTANCES BEYOND THE EMPLOYERS CONTROL (PLEASE SEE EXPLANATION TO 25FFF AS TO WHAT WOULD NOT BE TREATED AS FACTORS BEYOND THE CONTROL) THE MAXIMUM COMPENSATION PAYABLE WOULD BE LIMITED TO THREE MONTHS WAGES [PLEASE ALSO SEE Sn.25FFF(1A) ON CLOSURE OF MINING ESTABLISHMENT AND Sn.25FFF(2) ON CONSTRUCTION ESTABLISHMENT]. IN LARGER ESTABLISHMENTS (EMPLOYING MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN ON AN AVERAGE DURING THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS) AS PER Sn.25(O)(8) COMPENSATION AT THE RATE OF 15 DAYS WAGES PER YEAR OF SERVICE IS PAYABLE AND AS PER Sn.25J IF UNDER ANY OTHER LAW OR CONTRACT/STANDING ORDER THEY ARE ELIGIBLE FOR BETTER RATE OF COMPENSATION THE HIGHER OR BETTER RATE WILL PREVAIL.
  • 63. Y BHATT vi) CONSEQUENCIES OF VIOLATING THE PROVISIONS ON CLOSURE AS PER Sn.25R ANY EMPLOYER WHO CLOSES DOWN AN ESTABLISHMENT WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH THE PROVISIONS OF Sn.25(O)(1) SHALL BE PUNISHABLE WITH IMPRISONMENT FOR 6 MONTHS OR WITH FINE UPTO Rs.5,000/- OR BOTH. vii) SUMMARY OF SECTIONS 2(cc), 25B, 25FA, 25FFF, 25J, 25K, 25L, 25O, 25R, 25S. e) PROVISIONS FOR ALTERATION OF SERVICE CONDITIONS / ISSUE OF 'NOTICE OF CHANGE' i) CAN AN EMPLOYER UNILATERALLY ALTER THE CONDITIONS OF SERVICE APPLICABLE TO WORKMEN ? ON ANY ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE IV OF THE ID ACT, HE CANNOT ALTER, UNLESS HE GIVES A NOTICE OF CHANGE AS CONTEMPLATED IN SECTION 9A OF THE ACT.
  • 64. Y BHATT ii) WHAT KIND OF NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN ? AS PER Sn.9A(b) HE SHOULD GIVE AT LEAST 21 DAYS ADVANCE NOTICE. IF THE CHANGE IS MADE AS A RESULT OF AN AGREEMENT, NO NOTICE IS REQUIRED [Sn.9A, PROVISO (a)] OR THE WORKMEN BELONG TO THE CATEGORIES LISTED IN PART(b) OF THE PROVISO TO 9A. THE NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN IN FORM-E AS PER RULE 34. Iii) EFFECT OF GIVING NOTICE IF WORKMEN/UNIONS DO NOT OBJECT TO THE CHANGE, THE CHANGE CAN BE EFFECTED AFTER 21 DAYS [Sn.9A(1)]. IF WORKMEN OPPOSE THE CHANGE, THE ISSUE WILL BE TAKEN UP IN CONCILIATION AND THE EMPLOYER WILL HAVE TO AWAIT THE OUTCOME OF THE CONCILIATION MEETING/ADJUDICATION PROCESS [Sn.33(1)].
  • 65. Y BHATT iv) WHAT ARE THE 11 ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE IV FOR WHICH NOTICE OF CHANGE NEEDS TO BE GIVEN ? WAGES, INCLUDING THE PERIOD AND MODE OF PAYMENT; CONTRIBUTION PAID, OR PAYABLE, BY THE EMPLOYER TO ANY PROVIDENT FUND OR PENSION FUND OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE WORKMEN UNDER ANY LAW FOR THE TIME BEING IN FORCE; COMPENSATORY AND OTHER ALLOWANCE; STARTING ALTERATION OR DISCONTINUANCE OF SHIFT WORKING OTHERWISE THAN IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDING ORDERS; CLASSIFICATION BY GRADES; WITHDRAWAL OF ANY CUSTOMARY CONCESSION OR PRIVILEGE OR CHANGE IN USAGE; INTRODUCTION OF NEW RULES OF DISCIPLINE, OR ALTERATION OF EXISTING RULES, EXCEPT IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE PROVIDED IN STANDING ORDERS; RATIONALISATION, STANDARDISATION OR IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT OR TECHNIQUE WHICH IS LIKELY TO LEAD TO RETRENCHMENT OF WORKMEN; ANY INCREASE OR REDUCTION (OTHER THAN CASUAL IN THE NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED OR TO BE EMPLOYED IN ANY OCCUPATION OR PROCESS OR DEPARTMENT OR SHIFT(NOT OCCASIONAED BY CIRCUMSTANCES OVER WHICH THE EMPLOYER HAS NO CONTROL).
  • 66. Y BHATT v) POWER TO EXEMPT UNDER Sn.9B THE GOVERNMENT HAS POWER TO EXEMPT ANY ESTAB LISHSMENT FROM THE REQUIREMENT OF GIVING NOTICE OF CHANGE UNDER Sn.9A. VI PROVISIONS FOR 'RECOVERY OF MONEY DUE FROM AN EMPLOYER' UNDER THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT 1947. a) WHO AND WHEN CAN MONEY CLAIMS BE PUT UP ? i) WHAT KIND OF MONEY CLAIMS CAN BE PUT UP UNDER SECTION 33 ? ANY MONIES DUE TO A WORKMAN/WORKMEN UNDER A SETTLEMENT OR AWARD AND ANY COMPENSATION PAYABLE TO A WORKMAN FOR LAY OFF/ RETRENCHMENT/ CLOSURE [Sn.33C]. ii) WHO CAN FILE THE MONEY CLAIMS ? WORKMAN HIMSELF ANY OTHER PERSON AUTHORISED AFTER DEATH OF WORKMAN HIS ASSIGNS/LEGAL HEIRS [Sn.33C, R-62(1), 62(2)].
  • 67. Y BHATT NOTE   IF  MORE  THAN  ONE  WORKMAN  HAVE  SIMILAR  CLAIMS,  THEY  CAN  ALL JOINTLY FILE A COMMON CLAIM AS PER Sn.33C(5).   iii) TIME LIMIT FOR FILING THE CLAIMS AS  PER  FIRST  PROVISO  TO  33C(1),  MUST  BE  FILED  WITHIN  ONE  YEAR  OF  THE  AMOUNT  BECOMING  DUE  FOR  PAYMENT.    AS  PER  THE  SECOND  PROVISO  TO  33(C  )(2),  GOVERNMENT  CAN  CONDONE  THE  DELAYED SUBMISSION OF CLAIMS IF PROPER REASON IS  PUT UP.   b) TYPES OF CLAIMS   WHERE  ONLY  THE  RIGHT  TO  CLAIM  IS  ESTABLISHED  BUT  THE  EXTENT OF THE CLAIM OR ITS EXACT MONEY VALUE IS NOT  KNOWN A  CLAIM  ;PETITION  IS  TO  BE  FILED  UNDER  Sn.33C(1),  RULE  62(1)  IN  FORM  K-1  OR  K-2.    IF  THE  ACTUAL  MONEY  VALUE  IS  PRE- DETERMINABLE  A  CLAIM  PETITON  IS  TO  BE  FILED  UNDER  Sn.33C(2)  RULE 62(2) IN FORMS K- 3 OR K- 4.
  • 68. Y BHATT c)  ENFORCEMENT OF CLAIMS i)  GOVERNMENT  WILL  REFER  THE  CLAIM  PETITION  TO  THE    LABOUR  COURT FOR DETERMINATION THE  COURT  WILL  PASS  NECESSARY  AWARD  (ORDER)  AND  SEND  IT  TO THE GOVERNMENT [Sn. 33(4)]. THE  GOVERNMENT  WILL  THEN  FORWARD  THE  ORDER  TO  THE  COLLECTOR  TO  EXCEUTE  THE  ORDER  BY  ATTACHING  THE  EMPLOYER’S  PROPERTY  AND  RECOVERING  THE  MONEY  AND  PAYING IT TO THE WORKMAN / WORKMEN [Sn. 33(C)(1),33(C)(4)]. WHAT  ARE  THE  PROVISIONS  ON  ‘WORKS  COMMITTEE’  UNDER  THE  INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT 1947?WHAT IS A WORKS COMMITTEE? IT  IS  A  COMMITTEE  CONSISTING  OF  EQUAL  NUMBER  OF  MANAGEMENT  AND  WORKMEN  REPRESENTATIVES  SET  UP  FOR  PROMOTING  AMITY  AND  GOOD  RELATIONS  AND  EMPOWERED  TO  COMMENT  ON  MATTERS  OF  COMMON  INTEREST  AND  TO  ENDEAVOUR  TOWARDS  REDUCING  DIFFERENCES  IN  THE  VIEW  POINTS BETWEENTHEM [Sn.3(2)].
  • 69. Y BHATT ii) WHEN DOES IT BECOME OBLIGATORY TO SET UP A WORKS  COMMITTEE ?   IN ESTABLISHSMENTS WHICH EMPLOY MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN  OR HAD EMPLOYED MORE THAN 100 WORKMEN ON ANY DAY IN THE  PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS, OBLIGATION ACTUALLY ARISES ONLY WHEN  THE  GOVERNMMENT  THROUGH  A  GENERAL/SPECIAL  ORDER  REQUIRES SETTING UP OF A WORKS COMMITTEE [Sn.3(1)]. iii) MANNER OF CONSTITUTING A WORKS COMMITTEE   THE  WORKMEN  REPRESENTATIVES  SHALL  BE  ELECTED  AND  MANAGEMENT REPRESENTATIVES CAN BE NOMINATED [R-40]   DIVISION OF  CONSTIUTENCIES  WITHIN    THE  ESTABLISHMENT  SHALL  BE  MADE  IN  CONSULTATION WITH THE UNIONS AFTER COMPLYING  WITH PROCEDURE  OUTLINED IN RULES 41 TO 43.  CANDIDATES  CONTESTING SHALL BE AT  LEAST  19  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  HAVE  AT  LEAST  ONE  YEAR  SERVICE.  WORKMEN  WHO  HAVE  AT  LEAST  SIX  MONTHS  SERVICE  AND  ABNOVE  THE AGE OF 18 COULD VOTE IN THE  ELECTIONS.  ELECTIONS SHALL BE  CONDUCTED  IN  COMPLIANCE  WITH  THE  PROCEDURE  LAID  DOWN  IN  RULES 46 TO 50.
  • 70. Y BHATT iv) OFFICE BEARERS   COMMITTEE SHALL HAVE A CHAIRMAN, VICE CHAIRMAN,  SECRETARY AND JOINT SECRETARY [R-52]   v) TERM OF OFFICE   THE COMMITTEE ONCE SET UP WILL HAVE A TWO YEAR TERM OF  OFFICE. MID TERM VACANCIES SHOLD BE FILLED AS PER RULE 52.   vi) MEETINGS   COMMITTEE SHALL MEET AT LEAST ONCE IN A QUARTER [R-55]  EMPLOYER SHOULD PROVIDE NECESSARY FACILITIES FOR  HOLDING  THE MEETINGS [R-56]   vii) DISSOLUTION   THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OR OTHER AUTHORISED AUTHORITY  COULD  DISSOLVE A WORKS COMMITTEE AS PER RULE 57.
  • 71. Y BHATT viii) SUBMISSION OF RETURNS THE EMPLOYER IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT HALF YEARLY RETURN IN  FORM G-1 IN TRIPLICATE [R-56-A]   ix) SUBJECTS  THAT  COULD  BE  DISCUSSED  IN  THE  WORKS  COMMITTEE   THIS IS NOT SPECIFICALLY LISTED IN THE INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES  ACT  OR  RULES.    HOWEVER  THE  TRIPARTITE  LABOUR  CONFERENCE HELD IN 1959 HAS DRAWN UP A LIST OF DOS AND  DON'TS FOR THE WORKS COMMITTEE.   x) MATTERS  THAT  COULD  BE  DISCUSSED  AT  THE  WORKS  COMMITTEE   CONDITIONS  OF  WORK  SUCH  AS  VENTILATION,  LIGHTING,  TEMPERATURE  AND SANITATION, INCLUDING LATRINES AND  URINALS.   AMENITIES  SUCH  AS  DRINKING  WATER,  CANTEEN  REST  ROOMS,  MEDICAL  AND  HEALTH  SERVICES.    SAFETY  AND  ACCIDENT  PREVENTION,  OCCUPATIONAL  DISEASES  AND  PROTECTIVE  EQUIPMENTS.  ADJUSTMENT  OF  NATIONAL  AND  FESTIVAL  HOLIDAYS.    PROMOTION OF THIRFT AND SAVINGS.
  • 72. Y BHATT xi) MATTERS  WHICH  CANNOT  BE  DISCUSSED  AT  THE  WORKS  COMMITTEE WAGES AND ALLOWANCES BONUS AND PROFIT SHARING BONUS RATIONALISATION  AND  MATTERS  CONNECTED  WITH  THE  FIXATION  OF  WORKLOAD MATTERS  CONNECTED  WITH  THE  FIXATION  OF  A  STANDARD  LABOUR  FORCE PROGRAMMES OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MATTERS CONNECTED WITHRETRENCHMENT AND LAYOFF VICTOMISATION FOR TRADE UNION ACTIVITIES PROVIDENT FUND, GRATUITY SCHEME AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS QUANTUM OF LEAVE AND NATIONAL AND FESTIVAL HOLIDAYS INCENTIVE SCHEME HOUSING AND TRANSPORT SERVICE. b) PROVISIONS ON 'UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE'   i) PROHIBITION ON EMPLOYER/UNIONS/WORKMEN   SECTION  25  T  OF  THE  ID  ACT  PROHIBITS  EMPLOYERS/WORKMEN/UNIONS  INDULGING  IN  ACTS  LISTED  AS  UNFAIR  LABOUR  PRACTICES  UNDER  SCHEDULE-V TO THE ID ACT [Sn.2(ra), 25T, Sch.V]
  • 73. Y BHATT ii) WHAT  ARE  THE  UNFAIR  LABOUR  PRACTICES  LISTED  AGAINST  EMPLOYERS ?   THE  FOLLOWING  ARE  THE  IMPORTANT  UNFAIR  LABOUR  PRACTICES LISTED AGAINST EMPLOYERS :   1) THREATENING  WORKMEN  WITH  DISCHARGE/DISMISSAL/LOCKOUT  FOR PREVENTIONG TRADE UNION FORMATION. 2) GRANTING WAGE INCREASE AIMED AT PREVENTING TRADE UNION  FORMATION   3) FINANCING  OR  ASSISTING  IN  FORMATION  OF  EMPLOYER  SPONSORED UNIONS   4) TAMPERING  WITH  SENIORITY/PROMOTION  OF  WORKMEN  WITH  A  VIEW TO OBSTRUCT THE GROWTH OF PARTICULAR UNION   5) VICTIMISING WORKMEN FOR TRADE UNION ACTIVITIES
  • 74. Y BHATT 6) REPLACING  REGULAR  JOBS  WITH  CONTRACT  WORKMEN  WITH  A  VIEW TO BREAK A STRIKE   7) MALAFIDE TRANSFER OF WORKMEN   8) FORCING WORKMEN ON A LEGAL STRIKE TO GIVE GOOD CONDUCT  BONDS 9) EXPLOITING  WORKERS  BY  KEEPING  THEM  AS  CASUALS/  TEMPORARIES/BADLIS FOR LONG YEARS 10) REFUSE TO IMPLEMENT SETTLEMENTS/AWARDS 11) FAILURE TO IMPLEMENT SETTLEMENTS/AWARDS 12) CONTINUIGN WITH ILLEGAL LOCKOUTS 13) INDULGE IN ACTS OF FORCE/VIOLENCE [Sch.V(1)]
  • 75. Y BHATT iii) UNFAIR  LABOUR  PRACTICES  LISTED  AGAINST  UNIONS/  WORKMEN 1) SUPPORTING/INSTIGATING ILLEGAL STRIKES 2) FORCING WORKMEN TO JOIN A UNION   3) PICKETING  /  OBSTRUCTING  /  THREATENING  NON-STRIKING  WORKMEN 4) REFUSING TO PARTICIPATE IN COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 5) INDULGING IN GO-SLOW/SQUATTING 6) DEMONSTRATION AT RESIDENCE OF EMPLOYER 7) WILFUL DAMAGE OF EMPLOYERS PROPERTY [Sch  V(II)]
  • 76. Y BHATT iv) CONSEQUENCES OF INDULGING IN UNFAIR LABOUR  PRACTICES   AS PER Sn 25U ANY PERSON INDULGING  IN UNFAIR LABOUR   PRACTICE  SHALL BE PUNISHABLE `BY IMPRISONMENT UPTO SIX MONTHS OR FINE OF  UPTO Rs.1000/- OR BOTH [Sn.25U]. c) PROVISIONS ON GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT   AS  PART  OF  THE  1982  AMENDMENT  A  GRIEVANCE  SETTLEMENT  MACHINERY  WAS  INCORPORATED  IN  THE  INDUSTRIAL  DISPUTES  ACT.    ACCORDINGLY  SECTION  9C  WAS  INCORPORATED  IN  THE  ACT.    THIS  SECTION  HAS  HOWEVER  NOT  BEEN  NOTIFIED  FOR  IMPLEMENTATION  SO  FAR.  SECTION 9C(4) CONTEMPLATES THAT  NO DISPUTES SHOULD BE  REFERRED  FOR  ADJUDICATION  UNTIL  THE  GRIEVANCE  SETTLEMENT  PROCEDURE  IS  EXHAUSED. d) PROVISIONS ON REPRESENTAITION OF PARTIES   i) BAN ON APPEARANCE OF LEGAL PRACTICTIONERS [Sn.36] SECTION  36(3)  OF  THE  ACT  PROHIBITS  APPEARANCE  OF  ADVOCATES.    HOWEVER, SECTION 36(4) PERMITS APPEARANCE OF  LEGAL  PRACTITIONERS WITH  THE CONSENT OF THE OTHER PARTY AND LEAVE  OF THE PRESIDING OFFICERS.
  • 77. Y BHATT ii) WHO CAN REPRESENT THE WORKMEN [Sn.36(1),(a),(b),(c)] ? ANY  EXECUTIVE  MEMBER  OR  OFFICE  BEARER  OF  A  REGISTERED  TRADE  UNION.    ANY  EXECUTIVE  MEMBER  OF  FEDERATION  TO  WHICH  THE  TRADE  UNION  IS  AFFILIATED.  IF  A  WORKMAN  IS  NOT  A  MEMEBR OF ANY UNION HE CAN AUTHORITIRSE ANY CO-WORKER  OR  ANY UNION LEADER TO REPRESENT HIM. iii) WHO CAN REPRESENT AN EMPLOYER [Sn.36(2)(a),(b),(c)] ? AN OFFICER OF AN ASSOCIATION OF EMPLOYERS.  AN OFFICER OF  A  FEDERATION  TO  WHICH  THE  EMPLOYERS  ASSOCIATION  IS  AFFILIATED. IF NOT BELONGING TO ANY ASSOCIATION CAN  AUTHORISE  ANY OTHER EMPLOYER IN THE INDUSTRY OR ANY  OFFICE BEARER OF  AN ASSOCIATION OF EMPLOYERS.
  • 78. Y BHATT e) PROVISIONS ON 'SETTLEMENT' i) WHAT IS MEANT BY A SETTLEMENT [Sn.2(p)] ?   AN AGREEMENT ARRIVED AT BETWEEN THE EMPLOYER AND  WORKMEN. ii) TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS [Sn.12(3), 18(1), 18(30]   TRIPARTITE SETTLEMENTS UNDER SECTION 12(3) ARRIVED AT  WITH HELP  OF  CONCILITION  OFFICER/BOARD.  BIPARTITE  SETTLEMENT  ARRIVED  AT  WITHOUT  CONCILIATION  ASSISTANCE  BUT  SENT  JOINTLY  TO  CONCILIATION  OFFICER  FOR  REGISTRATION  AS  A  SETTLEMENT  UNDER  SECTION  18(3).    BIPARTITE  SETTLEMENTS  ARRIVED  AT  BETWEEN  THE  PARTIES  UNDER  SECTION  18(1)  WITH  NO  NOTICE  TO  OR  ASSISTANCE  FROM  CONCILIATION  OFFICER. iii) ON WHOM ARE SETTLEMENTS BINDING [Sn.18(1), 18(3)] ?   BIPARTITE SETTLEMENTS UNDER 18(1) OR 18(3) ARE BINDING ONLY ON THE  PARTIES  THAT  SIGNED  THE  SETTLEMENT  (IT  CANNOT  BE  ENFORCED  ON  OTHER  UNIONS  OR  WORKERS  WHO  ARE  NOT   PARTIES  TO  THE  SETTLEMENT)
  • 79. Y BHATT A  TRIPARTITE  SETTLEMENT  THROUGH  CONCILIATION  UNDER 12(3)  IS ENFORCEABLE AGAINST : - ALL PARTIES TO THE DISPUTES - ALL  OTHER  PARTIES  SUMMONED  TO  THE  CONCILIATION  PROCEEDINGS - IN THE CASE OF EMPLOYER ON HIS HEIRS/SUCCESSORS/ASSIGNS - IN  THE  CASE  OF  WORKMENON  ALL  WORKMEN  ON  THE  ROLLS  ON  DATE  OF  SETTLEMENT  AND  ALL  FUTURE  EMPLOYEES  OF  THAT  ESTABLISHMENT   iv) WHEN DOES A SETTLEMENT COME INTO OPERATION [Sn.19(1)] ? FROM THE DATE AGREED TO AND INDICATED IN THE SETTLEMENT.  IF  DATE IS SILENT, FROM THE DATE OF SIGNING SETTLEMENT. v) HOW LONG WILL IT BE BINDING OR PERIOD OF ITS VALIDITY [Sn.19(1)] ?   FOR A MINIMUM PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS IF NO PERIOD IS INDICATED, OR  FOR THE LONGER PERIOD INDICATED IN THE SETTLEMENT.
  • 80. Y BHATT vi) WILL  THE  OBLIGATIONS  ON  THE  PARTIES  CEASE  ON  THE  EXPIRY  OF VALIDITY PERIOD [Sn.19(2), 19(6)] ?   OBLGATIONS  CONTINUE  EVEN  BEYOND  THE  AGREED  PERIOD  AND  WILL  CONTINUE  TILL  PROPER  NOTICE  OF  TERMINATION  IS  GIVEN  UNDER  SECTION  19(2)  AND  TWO  MONTHS  HAVE  EXPIRED  AFTER  ISSUE  OF  NOTICE  OFTERMINATION.    AS  PER  JUDICIAL  DECISIONS  THE  TERMS  OF  SETTLEMENT  WILL  CONTINUE  TO  BE  IN  FORCE  EVEN  AFTER  TERMINATION  TILL  ANOTHER  AGREEMENT  IS  REACHED  REPLACING  THE  CORRESPONDING  TERMS  IN  THE  OLD  AGREEMENT. vii) WHO IS COMPETENT TO ISSUE NOTICE OF TERMINATION [Sn.19(7)] ?   ONLY A PARTY REPRESENTING THE MAJORITY OF THE PERSONS BOUND BY  THE SETTLEMENT CAN ISSUE A VALID NOTICE OF TERMINATION. viii) WHO IS COMPETENT TO SIGN A SETTLEMENT [RULE 58(2)] ?   IN  CASE  OF  EMPLOYER,  HIMSELF/HIS  AUTHORISED  AGENT/MANAGER  OR  PRINCIPAL  OFFICER.    IN  CASE  OF  WORKMEN  BY  A  TRADE  UNION  OFFICE  BEARER  (PRESIDENT/VICE  PRESIDENT/    SECRETARY  OR  GENERAL  SECRETARY/JOINT SECRETARY OR ANY OTHER AUTHORISED OFFICE  BEARER).  IN  CASE OF AN INDIVIDUAL DISPUTE UNDER 2(A) BY WORKMAN  HIMSELF.
  • 81. Y BHATT ix ROLE OF CONCILIATION OFFICER [Sn. 12(3), Rules 58(1), (3) & 75] TO RECORD THE SETTLEMENT IN FORM H UNDER Rule 58 (1). TO MAINTAIN A REGISTER OF ALL SETTLEMENTS UNDER Rule 75. TO  SEND  A  COPY  OF  SETTLEMENT  TO  THE  APPROPRIATE  GOVERNMENT. NOTE:               WHERE THERE IS MULTIPLICITY OF UNIONS AND INTER UNION  RIVALRY,  IT  IS  PRUDENT  TO  SIGN  ONLY  TRIPARTITE  CONCILIATION  SETTLEMENTS  UNDER  Section  12  (3)  RATHER  THAN  GO  IN  FOR  BIPARTITE  AGREEMENTS  UNDER  Section  18  (3)  OR  18  (1).  WHILE  A  TRIPARTITE  SETTLEMENT  IS  ENFORCEABLE  AGAINST  ALL,  A  BIPARTITE  AGREEMENT  BINDS  ONLY  ON  THE  PARTIES  TO  THE  SETTLEMENT. f)  PROVISIONS ON AWARDS WHAT IS MEANT BY AN ‘AWARD’ [Sn. 2 (b)]?               AN AWARD IS AN INTERIM OR FINAL ORDER PASSED BY THE  FOLLOWING DISPUTE SETTLING AUTHORITIES UNDER THE I.D. ACT. -  LABOUR COURT UNDER Sn. 7 -   INDUSTRIAL  TRIBUNAL  OR  NATIONAL  TRIBUNAL  UNDER  SECTION  7(A) OR 7(B) -  AN ARBITRATOR UNDER SECTION 10 (A)
  • 82. Y BHATT ii) TYPES OF AWARDS [Sn.7, 7A, 7B] LABOUR COURTS GIVE AWARDS ON ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE-II  OF THE  ID ACT  TRIBUNALS/ NATIIONAL  TRIBUNALS  GIVE  AWARDS  ON ITEMS LISTED IN SCHEDULE-III OF THE ID ACT.  ARBITRATORS  GIVE  AWARD  ON  SUBJECT  REFERRED  TO  THEM  UNDER  THE  ARBITRATION AGREEMENT.   iii) PUBLICATION  OF  AWARDS  ANDA  THEIR  FINALITY  Sn.17(1)(2),  15,  17(B)]   UNLIKE THE CIVIL/CRIMINAL COURTS, LABOUCOURTS/ TRIBUNALS/  ADJUDICATORS  UNDER  THE  ID  AC  CANNOT  PRONOUNCE  THEIR  DECISIONS/ORDERS IN COURTS. THEIR DECISIONS/ORDERS ARE TO  BE  SENT  TO  THE  APPROPRIATE  GOVERNKENT.    THE  APPROPRIATE  GOVERNMENT IS TO THEN PUBLISH IT WITHIN 30 DAYS OF RECEIPT  OF  THE ORDER.  SUBJECT TO PROVISION OF SECTION 17A, THE  AWARDS  ARE FINAL AND CANNOT BE CHALLENGED IN ANY COURT.   HOWEVER  AWARDS PERTAINING TO REINSTATEMENT OF  DISMISSED WORKMEN CAN  BE CHJALLENGED IN SUPREME COURT/  HIGH COURT. SECTON 17 B  STIPULATES THAT IN SUCH CASES THE  EMPLOYER MUST PAY FULL LAST  DRAWNWAGES  TILL  THE  SIT  IS  DISPOSED  OFF  BY  THE  HIGH  COURT/  SUPREME COURT.
  • 83. Y BHATT IV ON WHOM ARE AWARDS BINDING [Sn.18(3)] ? AS PER SECTION 18(3) AWARDS ARE BINDING ON THE  OLLOWING : ALL  PARTIES TO THE DISPUTE ALL OTHER PARTIES SUMMONED TO APPEAR IN THE PROCEEDINGS INCASE OF EMPLOYER ON HIS HEIRS/SUCCESSORS/ASSIGNS IN  CASE  OF  WORKMEN,ON  ALL  WORKMEN  ON  THE  ROLLS  ON  THE  DATE THE DISPUTE AROSE AND ALL FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THAT  ESTABLISHMENT. V WHEN  DOES  AN  AWARD  COME  INTO  OPERATION  OR  BECOME  ENFORCEABLE ? [Sn.17  (A),  17(1),(2),  (3),  (4)]    IT  BECOMES  ENFORCEABLE  ON  THE  EXPIRY  OF  30  DAYS  FROM  THE  DATE  OF  ITS  PUBLICATION  BY  THE  GOVERNMENT UNDER Sn.17.
  • 84. Y BHATT NOTE : UNDER  THE  PROVISO  TO Sn.17, GOVERNMENT  EMPOWERED  TO  HOLD UP THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE AWARD IN PART OR FULL IN  PUBLIC INTEREST BUT MUST THEN PUT UP THE AWARD BEFORE  THE LEGISLATURE FOR A FINAL DECISION ON ITS ENFORCEMNE.T VI WHAT IS THE PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF AN AWARD ? [Sn.19(3),(4),(5)]  AS PER SECTION 19(3) IT SHALL BE IN FORCE  FOR ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE IT BECOMES ENFORCEABLE  UNDER  SECTION 17(A)  STATEGOVERNMENT CANE XTEND THIS  PERIOD FOR ONE  YEAR  AT  A  TIME  SUBJECT  TO  THE  TOTAL  VALIDITY  PERIOD  NOT  EXCEEDING  THREE  YEARS.    UNDER  SECTION  19(4)  GOVERNMENT  EMPOWERED  TO  SEEK  REDUCTION  OF  THE  NORMAL  PERIOD  BY  REFERRING IT TO THE  ADJUDICATING AUTHORITY.
  • 85. Y BHATT VII) WILL  THE  OBLIGATIONS  ON  THE  PARTIES  CEASE  ON  EXPIRY  OF  THE VALIDITY PERIOD [Sn.19(2), (3), (6)]  ? OBLIGATIONS  CONTINUE  EVEN  AFTER  THE  VALIDTY  PERIOD  TILL  PROPER  NOTICE  OF  TERMINATION  IS  GIVEN  UNDER  Sn.19(6)  AND  TWO  MONTHS  HAVE  ELAPSED  FROM  DATE  OF  NOTICE. VIII) WHO IS COMPETENT TO ISSUE NOTICE OF TERMINATION ? ONLY  A  PARTY  REPRESENTING  THE  MAJORITY  OF  THE  PERSONS  BOUND  BY  THE  AWARD  CAN  ISSUE  A  VALID  NOTICE  OF  TERMINATION.