Project Report on automated toll tax collection system using rfid

AUTOMATED TOLL TAX
COLLECTION SYSTEM USING
RFID
A Project Report
Submitted by
JEET PATALIA
VENKATESH SUVARNA
Under the Guidance of
PROF. RATNESH CHATURVEDI
in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR IN TECHNOLOGY
IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING
At
MUKESH PATEL SCHOOL OF
TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND
ENGINEERING NMIMS, VILE PARLE
MUMBAI
MAY 2016

DECLARATION
I, JEET PATALIA and VENKATESH SUVARNA, Roll No. B064 and B071 B.Tech
(Computer Engineering), VII semester understand that plagiarism is defined as anyone or
combination of the following:
1. Un-credited verbatim copying of individual sentences, paragraphs or illustration (such as
graphs, diagrams, etc.) from any source, published or unpublished, including the internet.
2. Un-credited improper paraphrasing of pages paragraphs (changing a few words phrases, or
rearranging the original sentence order)
3. Credited verbatim copying of a major portion of a paper (or thesis chapter) without clear
delineation of who did wrote what. ( Source: IEEE, The institute, Dec. 2004)
4. I have made sure that all the ideas, expressions, graphs, diagrams, etc., that are not a result
of my work, are properly credited. Long phrases or sentences that had to be used verbatim from
published literature have been clearly identified using quotation marks.
5. I affirm that no portion of my work can be considered as plagiarism and I take full
responsibility if such a complaint occurs. I understand fully well that the guide of the seminar/
project report may not be in a position to check for the possibility of such incidences of
plagiarism in this body of work.
Name: JEET PATALIA (B064)
VENKATESH SUVARNA (B071)
Place: MPSTME NMIMS
Date: 20-4-2016

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “AUTOMATED TOLL TAX COLLECTING SYSTEM
USING RFID” is the bonafide work carried out by JEET PATALIA and VENKATESH
SUVARNA of B.Tech(Computer Engineering), MPSTME (NMIMS), Mumbai, during the VII
semester of the academic year 2015-16, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the Degree of Bachelors of Engineering as per the norms prescribed by NMIMS. The project work
has been assessed and found to be satisfactory.
PROF. RATNESH CHATURVEDI
(Guide Mentor)
_______________________ _____________________
Examiner 1 Examiner 2
____________________________
Dean
Dr. S.Y. Mhaiskar

Abstract:
Today, due to the increase in the vehicles, there is a lot of gathering of the traffic at the toll
booths. The main reason for this traffic at the toll booths is due to the manual working of the
toll tax collection at the booths. Each vehicle on an average needs to stop at the tool booth for
about a minute for the payment of the toll tax. In order to decrease this traffic, we decided to
work on the construction of a project which reduces the manual work and hence increases the
vehicle speed passing by the toll booth. Also we decided to develop a project which allows the
vehicles just to pass through the booth without the need to stop. This will increase the speed of
the passing by vehicles allowing them to pass through the booth without stopping and also will
reduce the manual work and as a result reducing the traffic gathering at the toll collecting
booths.

Table of Contents
Chapter
No.
Title Page No.
1 Introduction I
1.1 Concept of Toll Station I
1.2 What is Toll Station? II
2 Objectives III
2.1 Introduction to RFID III
2.2 What is RFID? III
2.2.1 Transponder IV
2.2.2 Active Tags IV
2.2.3 Passive Tags IV
3 Advantages of RFID V
4 Edge Over Bar-Codes VI
5 Limitations of RFID VII
6 Applications of RFID VIII
7 Specification IX
7.1 Hardware Specification IX
7.2 Software Specification IX
8 Working Concept of Project X
8.1 Block Diagram XI
8.1.1 RFID Tag XI
8.1.2 RFID Receiver XII
8.1.3 PC XII
8.1.4 Gate Control XII
9 Software Section XIV
9.1 Introduction to C#.Net XIV
9.1.1 Advantage of C# over other language XIV
9.2 Microsoft Excel XV
9.3 Microsoft SQL Server XV
10 Hardware Section XVII
10.1 Arduino XVII
11 Flowchart Working XIX
12 UML Diagrams XXI
12.1 Use Case Diagram XXI
12.2 Sequence Diagram XXII
12.2.1 Admin Login XXII
12.2.2 User Registration XXII
12.2.3 Vehicle Registration XXIII
12.2.4 Vehicle Tracking XXIII
12.2.5 Vehicle Complaint XXIV
12.3 Collaboration Diagram XXV
12.4 Activity Diagram XXVII
13 User Interface Design XXVII
14 Advantages of the Project XXXIII
15 Limitations of the Project XXXIV
16 Future Scope XXXV
17 Conclusion XXXVI
References XXXVIII

List of Figures
Chapter
No.
Title Page No.
8 Working Concept of our Project X
8.1 Working of Automated Toll Collecting System X
8.2 Block Diagram XI
9 Software Section XIV
9.1 C# Framework XIV
11 Flowchart Working XIX
11.1 Working Flowchart XIX
11.2 Data Flow diagram XIX
13 User Interface Diagram XXVII
13.1 Detail Page For Recharging User Account XXVII
13.2 Login Page XXVIII
13.3 Database of the Registered Vehicles XXIX
13.4 Updating of Local Database XXX
13.5 Record of the Vehicles XXXI
13.6 Transaction E-mail to the User XXXII

Automated Toll Tax Collection System Using RFID
I
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Our life is changing very fast and the role of automation in our day to day life is increasing at
a very fast rate. This is the motive behind our project i.e. “Automation”. Day by day the number
of vehicles passing over the road is increasing due to which the road condition is decaying
rapidly. The government sponsors the price of road construction and road maintenance. The
government has some source of money to build and maintain these roads & this source is the
Toll Station.
At the onset, the goal of our project group was to design an Automatic tolling system
for collecting toll. After studying various techniques like weight-based systems, bar coding etc.
we chose Radio frequency identification, which is an emerging technology applied for tracking
and communication. RFID (Radio frequency Identification) is an area of automatic
identification that has quickly been gaining momentum in recent years and has now being seen
as a radical means of enhancing data handling processes, complimentary in many ways to other
data capture technologies such as bar coding.
In today’s era of technology, where machines are being extensively used in all the fields
we are trying to emulate concept, which will be of great use in public transport systems. Today
a person has to travel long distances into vastly unknown territories for job, business, or even
for tourism. As the vehicles are increasing and roads are falling short, nowadays we see
frequently traffic jams or long queues at the toll stations waiting for paying the toll. Paying the
toll every-time through cash or checking the pass takes a lot of time. And today Time is more
precious than money. Therefore our project is aimed at reducing time consumed for manual
transactions and human effort.
1.1 The concept of Toll Station
A toll road, also known as a toll way, turnpike, pike or toll pike, is a road for which a driver
pays a toll (that is a fee) for use. Similarly there are toll bridges and toll tunnels. Non-toll roads
are financed using other sources of revenue, most typically gasoline tax or general tax funds.
Tolls have been placed on roads at various times in history, often to generate funds for

II
repayment of toll revenue bonds used to finance constructions and operation. The building or
facility where a toll is collected may be called a toll booth, toll plaza, toll station, or toll gate.
1.2 What is a Toll Station?
Two variations of toll roads exist, barrier (mainline) toll plazas and entry/exit tolls. On a
mainline toll system, all vehicles stop at various locations along the highway to pay a toll.
While this may save money from the lack of need to construct tolls at every exit, it can cause
lots of traffic congestion, and drivers could evade tolls by going through them as the exits do
not have gates. With entry/exit tolls, vehicles collect a ticket when entering the highway, which
displays the fares it will pay when it exits, increasing in cost for distance travelled. Upon exit,
the driver will pay the amount listed for the given exit. Should the ticket indicate a traveling
violation or be lost, the driver would typically pay the maximum amount possible for traveling
on that highway. Modern toll roads often use a combination of the two, with various entry and
exit tolls supplemented by occasional mainline tolls.

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Chapter 2
OBJECTIVES
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO RFID
The goal of our project group was to design the replica of an enlarged version of the RFID toll
station for automating the process of toll collection. After studying various techniques like
GPS, bar-coding etc., which are also techniques of collecting toll at the cost of huge capital
investments; we stuck upon Radio Frequency Identification, an emerging technology applied
for tracking and communication.
2.2 WHAT IS RFID?
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) means providing electronic identity to any object.
Electronic information about the object is stored in RFID chip embedded or attached to the
object. It’s an area of automation which has quickly been gaining momentum in recent years
and is now being seen as a radical means of enhancing data handling processes, complementary
in many ways to other data capturing technologies such as bar-coding. A range of devices and
associated systems are available to satisfy even broader range of applications which will change
the course of industry particularly in the supply-chain area.
The objective of any RFID system is to carry data in suitable transponders, generally known as
tags, and to retrieve data, by machine at a suitable time and place to satisfy particular needs.
Data within a tag may provide identification for an item in manufacturing, goods in transit, or
the identity of a vehicle. By including additional data the prospect is provided for supporting
applications through item specific information or instructions immediately available on reading
the tag. With an RFID reader, the electronic identity (code in the form of several bits) can be
read wirelessly. This is where RFID differs from other e-tagging technologies such as bar-
coding which use optical recognition. Since RFID uses radio waves, it does not require any
line of sight.

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2.2.1 Transponder:
A transponder is generally known as RFID tags stores the data according to the
application and are available in a variety of shapes and sizes according to the application. RFID
tags are mainly classified in two categories:
2.2.2 Active tags:
Active tags are powered by an internal battery and typically read/write, i.e. tag can be
rewritten and/or modified. Active RFID are designed to actively transmit the data to the reader
using the power of a battery attached to the tag. The radio frequency received from the Trans
receiver is used for communication only.
2.2.3 Passive tags:
Operates without external power source and obtain the operating power from the reader.
Passive tags are consequently much lighter than the active tags. They offer a virtually unlimited
operational lifetime. They are designed to transmit the data by reflecting or backscattering, the
RF energy back to the reader. No battery is required to read the data that has been stored on the
RFID tag. The receiver becomes both communication device and provides energy for the tags.

V
Chapter 3
ADVANTAGES OF RFID
1. RFID functions through both natural and man-made metallic materials.
2. RFID allows flexible tag placement and can be embedded into an object. It reads
changes or adds information to a tag at any user read point.
3. RFID stored information can be protected with a range of security options.
4. RFID tags can be rewritten repeatedly or used for permanent data retention.
5. RFID provides an extra level of information in some cases as RFID tags can be
programmed more than once.
6. The ability to read multiple items simultaneously, to read and write information etc,
and a whole new layer to AIDC (AUTO IDENTIFICATION AND DATA
CAPTURE).
7. The tag does not need to be in line of sight with the receiver to be read (compare to
a barcode and its optical scanner) (Shepard, 2004, p. 58).
8. RFID tags can store a lot of information, and follow instructions
9. Has the ability to pinpoint location
10. Technology is versatile: can be smaller than a thumb tack or can be the size of a
tablet, depending on its use
11. . According to a report that studied the use of RFID within the average Vendor
Managed Inventory (VMI), carried out by Professor Tsan-Ming Choi of the Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, it was concluded that the use of RFID actually
enhanced each supply chain’s system performance and increased expected profit
(2011).

VI
Chapter 4
EDGE OVER BAR CODES:
A scanner has to see the bar code to read it, which means people usually have to orient the bar
code towards the scanner for it to be read. Since tags do not require any line of sight, they can
be read as long as they are within the range of the reader. Within the field of the wireless
reading device, it is possible to automatically read hundreds of tags in a second. Bar codes have
other short comings as well. If a label bearing a bar code is ripped off or gets spoiled or fallen
off, there is no way to scan the item. This is where RFID takes over bar code.

VII
Chapter 5
LIMITATIONS OF RFID:
The major limitations of RFID are:
1. No RFID standard has been set yet. (The Auto-ID centre has worked with standard bodies
Uniform Code Council and EAN International to come up with electronic product code,
but it is not yet considered a standard).
2. The demand should also drive down the price. (Wal-Mart says that a need for one billion
RFID tags should drive down the price to five cents each.)
The other major limitations are:
 The smart tag technology is yet to be perfected , today on an average 20% of the tags do
not function properly
 Physical limitations like reading through liquid or metals still exist
 Accurate read rates on some items can be very low
 Nylon conveyor belts and other RFs can disrupt the tag transmissions in warehouses
 Increase in expenses - the suppliers will have to equip their warehouses and transport
vehicles with readers. These readers have to be connected to the computer networks for
exchange of information. All these mean additional costs related to hiring technical
consultants and additional hardware.
 Wal-Mart inventory networks are burdened with the task of handling data of billions of
their products. The company has to hence invest in extremely sophisticated system to
process the data properly.
In the tie up with IBM Global Services that has resulted in deployment of RFID equipment in
grocery sections of seven pilot Wal-Mart stores, IBM consultants have encountered
interference from equipment such as handheld walkie-talkies, forklifts, and other devices
typically found in distribution facilities. Cell phone towers located near the premises, which
transmit at the high end of the frequency band, sometimes leak unwanted radio waves into
RFID readers.

VIII
Chapter 6
APPLICATIONS OF RFID:
 Customized RFID solutions are now available for all applications.
 Prisoners in certain ways are tagged to prevent violent behavior and possibly their
escape.
 Petrol stations across America use tracking systems as payment systems for fuel.
 At airport tagged baggage can be easily located even if they are at few meters away
from the wrong conveyer belt.
 In Mumbai Marathon for the first time RFID tags were used in a marathon in Asia to
track each competitor and how fast they were running.

IX
Chapter 7
Specifications
7.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
Here our main focus is on the reduction of the hardware components. Hence the hardware
that we have used in the project can be given as:
1. RFID reader
2. RFID tags
3. Computer
4. Arduino
7.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
The main focus in our project is to use the software components. The various software that
we will using for the completion of this project are:
1. Visual Studio on C#.NET
2. Microsoft Excel to store data in local and central database
3. Microsoft SQL Server for storing data in Database Server.

X
Chapter 8
WORKING CONCEPT OF OUR PROJECT
Figure 8.1 and figure 8.2 shows the detailed working and the design of our project. In our
project, we have a vehicle equipped with RFID tag and computer connected to Transceiver
positioned at the Toll station. Whenever the vehicle enters into the coverage area of transceiver,
it locates the tag and decodes the code assigned to that particular tag. After receiving the code,
it is forwarded to the computer situated at the Toll station. The computer then recognizes the
code and automatically access the database and if the vehicle has its valid prepaid account at
the toll station, the appropriate toll is deducted from that account and the gate is opened to
allow the vehicle to pass. And if the vehicle doesn’t have a valid prepaid account or it is not a
daily traveller, it will have to pass through a manual check post which will be in another lane.
By using the database we can avoid necessity to transmit entire data from tag thus
enabling us to use tag with very less memory requirement i.e. we store only 4 or 6 digit code
number in the Tag. And this 4 or 6 digit code is related to the database which is related to the
database which is present on the computer. Each Tag has different code number. It also reduces
error probability and saves processing time.
Figure 8.1: Working of automated toll collecting system

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8.1 Block Diagram
Figure 8.2: Block Diagram
This is the Block diagram of our project’s working model. Before preparing the Hardware &
Software we had designed the block diagram of working model of our project. It can also be
called as Blueprint of our project. It shows all basic parts required to run our system. And these
basic parts will be explained further in detail.
This consist of 4 main units as shown in the diagram they are,
RFID TAG (On Vehicle).
RFID Receiver.
PC (connected to receiver & gate control).
GATE CONTROL.
8.1.1 RFID TAG (On Vehicle):
This unit has its unique code depending on the type of vehicle i.e. L.M.V
or H.M.V.

XII
8.1.2 RFID RECEIVER:
It consists of transmitter & receiver used to detect the presence of RFID tag in
its range. After the presence of RFID tag is detected the corresponding signal
is given to the computer.
8.1.3 PC (Connected to receiver & gate control):
PC is placed at a distance from the gate. It does the task of
detecting the signal given by receiver and deducting corresponding amount
from the respective account. After deducting amount from the respective
account it gives the signal to open the gate. After detecting that vehicle has
passed it gives the signal to close the gate.
8.1.4 GATE CONTROL:
It does the task of opening or closing the gate when it receives the
corresponding signal from the computer.
Here for the barrier gate we have used a stepper motor. A stepper motor is an electromechanical
device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or
spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses
are applied to it in the proper sequence.
Here in this stepper motor when high signal is passed or 1 is passed, the barrier is lifted and for
the low signal or 0 signal the barrier is pushed down. There are basically four types of stepper
motor. The types of stepper motor can be given as follows:
1. Permanent magnet stepper
2. Hybrid synchronous stepper
3. Variable reluctant stepper
4. Lavet type stepping motor

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Permanent magnet motors use a permanent magnet (PM) in the rotor and operate on the
attraction or repulsion between the rotor PM and the stator electromagnets. Variable reluctance
(VR) motors have a plain iron rotor and operate based on the principle that minimum
reluctance occurs with minimum gap, hence the rotor points are attracted toward the stator
magnet poles. Hybrid stepper motors are named because they use a combination of PM and
VR techniques to achieve maximum power in a small package size.

XIV
Chapter 9
Software Section:
9.1 Introduction to C#.NET:
C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a
variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework. You can use C# to
create Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server
applications, database applications, and much, much more. Visual C# provides an advanced
code editor, convenient user interface designers, integrated debugger, and many other tools to
make it easier to develop applications based on the C# language and the .NET Framework.
Figure 9.1: C# Framework
Figure 9.1 shows the detailed working chart of C# Project.
9.1.1 Advantages of C# over other languages:
C# has the following features:
1. C# is pure object-oriented, but C++ is a mixture of object-oriented and procedure-oriented.
2. C# is more type safe

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3. You need not put much attention on such problems as memory leak, which is troubling
problem for C++ programmer.
4. The Assembly concept solves the versioning control problem well.
5. Ease-to-development, the rich class library makes many functions easy to be implemented.
6. Cross-platform you application will run well only if the machine installed the .NET
framework.
7. Good support for distributed system.
9.2 Microsoft Excel:
Software developed and manufactured by Microsoft Corporation that allows users to
organize, format, and calculate data with formulas using a spreadsheet system broken up by
rows and columns. Microsoft Excel usually comes bundled with Microsoft Office and is
compatible with other applications offered in the suite of products. The first
software program similar to Excel was released in 1982 and was called Multiplan.
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS.
It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language
called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these
platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry
standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of Microsoft Office.
9.3 Microsoft SQL Server:
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As
a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving
data as requested by other software applications which may run either on the same computer
or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).

XVI
SQL is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in
a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational
data stream management system (RDSMS).
Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists of a data
definition language, data manipulation language, and a data control language. The scope of
SQL includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and data
access control. Although SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a declarative
language (4GL), it also includes procedural elements.
SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd's relational model, as
described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data
Banks." Despite not entirely adhering to the relational model as described by Codd, it became
the most widely used database language.
SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987. Since then, the standard has
been revised to include a larger set of features. Despite the existence of such standards, though,
most SQL code is not completely portable among different database systems without
adjustments.

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Chapter 10
Hardware Section
10.1 Arduino
What is Arduino? Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use
hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on
a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an
LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of
instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.
Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects to
complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists,
artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their
contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of
great help to novices and experts alike.
Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping,
aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As soon as it reached
a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to new needs and challenges,
differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D
printing, and embedded environments. All Arduino boards are completely open-source,
empowering users to build them independently and eventually adapt them to their particular
needs. The software, too, is open-source, and it is growing through the contributions of users
worldwide.
Why Arduino? Thanks to its simple and accessible user experience, Arduino has been used in
thousands of different projects and applications. The Arduino software is easy-to-use for
beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux.
Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and
physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics. Designers and architects
build interactive prototypes, musicians and artists use it for installations and to experiment with
new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use it to build many of the projects exhibited at

XVIII
the Maker Faire, for example. Arduino is a key tool to learn new things. Anyone - children,
hobbyists, artists, programmers - can start tinkering just following the step by step instructions
of a kit, or sharing ideas online with other members of the Arduino community.
There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms available for physical
computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24, Phidgets, MIT's Handyboard, and many
others offer similar functionality. All of these tools take the messy details of microcontroller
programming and wrap it up in an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of
working with microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and
interested amateurs over other systems:
 Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller
platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be assembled by hand, and
even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50
 Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux
operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.
 Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-to-use for
beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For teachers,
it's conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so students learning to
program in that environment will be familiar with how the Arduino IDE works.
 Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open source tools,
available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be expanded through
C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap from
Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add
AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if you want to.
 Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are published under a
Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make their own version of the
module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced users can build
the breadboard version of the module in order to understand how it works and save money.

XIX
Chapter 11
Flowchart working:
Figure 11.1: Working Flowchart
The figure 11.1 describes the basic working idea that we have used in our project. We have
designed our project on the basis of the architectural design shown in the above figure.
Figure 11.2: Data Flow Diagram

XX
As shown in the figure 11.2 above is the flowchart of our project. Here as soon as the vehicle
enters the toll booth post, the reader attached at the toll booth tries to catch the signals from the
RFID reader that is attached along with the vehicle. As soon as reader receives the signal from
the RFID tag that is attached with the vehicle, it send the signal information to the pc that it is
attached to. The pc gathers the information of the vehicle from its database and on the basis of
the pre-stored information it detects the vehicle, the size of the vehicle.
On the basis of this data, the tax for the vehicle is calculated and thus the same amount is
deducted from the users account. If the users account has the sufficient balance, then it is
deducted and the barrier is lifted thus allowing the vehicle to pass through. Also the user
receives and e-mail for the transaction.
If the account doesn’t have the sufficient balance then the pc blinks the message for the
insufficient balance thus asking the person at the toll gate to collect it manually. Once the tax
is collected manually the barrier is lifted and the user is allowed to pass through. Here also an
e-mail is sent to the user about his transaction and also alerting him to refill the account.

XXI
Chapter 12
UML Diagrams:
12.1 Use case Diagram:

XXII
12.2 Sequence Diagram:
12.2.1 Admin login
12.2.2 User Registration:

XXIII
12.2.3 Vehicle registration:
12.2.4 Vehicle tracking:

XXIV
12.2.5 Vehicle complaint:

XXV
12.3 Collaboration Diagram:

XXVI
12.4 Activity Diagram:

XXVII
Chapter 13
User Interface Design
The figure below shows the screen-shots of the user interface design of the web page that we
have used for the user to register himself and also to recharge his account. Also the figure below
shows the design of the web pages that will be used by the administrators for registering the
user and recharging his account at the toll booth.
Figure 13.1: Detail page for recharging the user account
Here Figure 13.1 tells about the details that the user needs to enter in order to recharge his
account.

XXVIII
Figure 13.2: Login Page
As shown in figure 13.2, the user has to enter his login details to enter to the web page for the
recharge of his account.

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Figure 13.3: Database of the registered vehicles
The figure 13.3 gives us the information that will be stored of all the vehicles in the central
database of the system. This database will contain the name of the person registered with his
card details, vehicle details and his transaction details.

XXX
Figure 13.4: Updating of Local Database
Figure 13.4 shows the updating of the local database. This database will be at the toll booth.
This database contains the data history of the vehicles passed through that toll station. It will
also contain the data of the non tagged vehicles. Also if registered a complain about any stolen
vehicle then it will contain the detail about that vehicle so that as soon as that vehicle comes in
contact with that toll station it can stop that vehicle there only and can inform the cops.

XXXI
Figure 13.5: Record of the vehicles
Figure 13.5 shows the record of the vehicles that has passed through a particular toll station. It
contains the tag number of that vehicle, the name of the vehicle, and other details like the
registered owner of that vehicle and his transaction details along with the balance in his
account.

XXXII
Figure 13.6: Transaction E-mail to the user
Figure 13.6 shows the transaction E-mail that will be sent to the user as the user passes by the
toll station. This E-mail contains the vehicle name, the balance reduced and the remaining
balance in the user’s account.

XXXIII
Chapter 14
Advantages of our project
 Human effort and time is reduced.
 The technology used does not require line of sight.
 Requires no Toll Plazas and investment on the infrastructure of building huge toll plaza
can be saved.
 At presently available manual toll plazas there are high chances of
cheatings to be conducted. But in case of computerized toll station, the
cheating is completely eliminated because the control is over the main
server and there is no human interface in the collection of the charges at
the toll plazas.
 Without the interruption in the flow of traffic, this system can efficiently
work 24 hours a day.
 Helps to trace the illegal vehicles.
 Since most of the working is software based hence hardware cost is
saved.
 Also due to most of the working being software base, the chances of the
system failure is less.

XXXIV
Chapter 15
Limitations of our project
As every coin has its two sides, our system also has its ADVANTAGES & few LIMITATIONS
which can be overcome easily. They are,
 We have to invest in dedicated computers which run 24X7 for each lane for fast service.
 We have to make provision for UPS for uninterrupted service.
 If RFID tag is destroyed the information in it is lost & we will have to make separate back-
ups for every tag.
So basically investment cost is only the main limitation factor.

XXXV
Chapter 16
Future Scope
As of in future we are planning of making this system more accurate. Also we will be
probably implementing the facility of post charging the users account. Also we will be
looking to send user a sms about his transaction details. Apart from these all the major
modification that we are planning is to directly link the users’ toll account with his bank
account. Hence the toll tax will be directly deduced from the user’s bank account instead of
his toll account. Also in future we are looking to add a feature that will allow the government
cars to pass through without collecting their tax.

XXXVI
Chapter 17
Conclusion
Times are changing and even this Manual Technique for Taxation at toll station has to change
and seeing a change in mind set of every individual this technology would also be taken whole
heartedly. And we would see that paying Toll at the Toll station won’t be that time consuming
and much accurate and preferred across every nook and corner of the globe wherever there
would be a toll station. And as described above about the merits of this Toll station we don’t
think that its not that far enough when we would see this technology being used in India and in
terms benefiting the whole society as well as the company whose is involved in Toll taxation.
RFID is a powerful technology, and it is likely to see world-wide deployment within
the coming years. Continuous technological advancements of RFID have resulted in reduced
cost of installation and maintenance of devices across different market segments. Comparing
advantages and limitations of our system we can conclude that our system is beneficial for
daily travellers and Toll station authorities to lessen the burden.
And finally, while RFID may seem to be a fairly simple and innocuous technology on the
surface, a wide range of issues and choices need to be explored and resolved for its successful,
wide-scale deployment. We are seeing great promise and signs that the RFID and future
upcoming sensor network technologies will help to change the way we think about our
manufacturing processes and the interactions with the people and customers.
On the concluding node we can say that we have successfully implemented one of the phase of
our project but still have some improvements and advancements to be done.

XXXVII
References:
[1] Sachin Bhosale,Dnyaneshwar Natha Wavhal. “Automated Toll Plaza System using RFID”
IJSETR, Vol 2,Issue 1, Jan 2013.
[2] Janani SP, Meena S, Automatised Toll Gate System Using Passive RFID and GSM
Technology, Vol. 5. Issue ECIA2012-3 Journal of Computer Applications, February 10,2012.
[3] Asif Ali Laghari, M. Sulleman Memon and Agha Sheraz Pathan, “RFID Based Toll
Deduction System,”I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2012, 4, 40-46
[4] Aniruddha Kumawat, Kshitija Chandramore, “Automation Toll Collection System Using
RFID”, Vol. 2, Issue 2, April-June 2014
[5] Asif Ali Laghari, M. Sulleman Memon, Agha Sheraz Pathan, “RFID Based Toll Deduction
System”, I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, April, 2012
[6] Janani S P, Meena S, ”Automatised Toll Gate System Using Passive RFID and GSM
Technology”, Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 5, Issue 12-3, February 10, 2012
[7] Pranoti salunke, Poonam Malle, Kirti Datir, Jayshree Daluke, “Automated
Toll Collection System Using RFID” IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE),
Vol 9 Issue 2, Feb 2013
[8] AungMyint Win, Chaw MyatNwe, KyawZinLatt, “RFID Based Automated Toll Collection
Plaza”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 6, June
2014

XXXVIII
http://www.nyu.edu/projects/jerschow/pubs.html
http://www.ewek.com/category
http://www.ftc.gov
http://www.rfidjournal.com

Project Report on automated toll tax collection system using rfid

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