As technology has advanced, nursing care has incorporated more high-tech innovations like electronic fetal monitors, but this has reduced hands-on patient care and increased costs. Looking ahead, nurses will need knowledge of emerging technologies and there will be challenges in providing care in a highly technical world. Factors like advanced maternal age, low birth weight, and socioeconomic status can increase pregnancy risks.

2.  As the technology has revolutionized and increasingly
sophisticated computers in today's world, it has become
necessary for the nursing personnel to have thorough
knowledge of the new technology being used.
a. Due to this advancement , ‘the hands on care’ of the client is
reduced , so also is the quality nursing care.
b. Today fetal monitoring has progressed from the use of
fetoscope to electronic fetal monitors. It can be used both
directly and indirectly.
c. Experts believe that in coming years, births are going to be
high – tech innovations, resulting in low perinatal mortality
and morbidity.
d. In future , there are challenges for nurses, as they will
provide care in the world of high technology.

4.  As the high and sophisticated technology is
being introduced into todays world, the cost
are also increasing. For the procedures such
as ultrasound, fetal monitoring etc, the couple
has to pay good amount of money . Gradually
, obstetrics care is becoming a business for
the care providers.

5.  A. There are increasing numbers of working
women, until they are in there thirties.
 As early marriage practise still continue , both
ends, the older and younger mothers face
increased risks of complications during
pregnancy , such as preterm delivery, LBW.

6. The problems of society are reflected in
risks; among them are AIDS in mothers
and newborns.
a. LBW account for about 30-40% of live
births in developing countries.
b. In addition to maternal age, risk factors of
LBW include mother’s medical history ,
past pregnancy , socio economic status
and prenatal care.

7.  Maternally care today has enhanced to family
centred care. Definition of health include physical ,
social, psychological and economic dimension.
Family centered approach is basic unit of society.
Thus emphasis on this aspect is must that fosters
family unity. Integration and bonding takes high
priority and much anticipatory counselling is
offered.

8. With the use of fetal monitoring and
ultrasound for prenatal monitoring and
ultrasound for prenatal evaluation of fetal
condition , has come and increased rate of
caesarean birth rates.

9. Over past 20 years, care of infants and
children has become extremely technical.
Many infants nowadays are born with low
birth weight and who are ill. Such infants
are transferred to NICU. For this, the
opportunities for advanced practice nurses
also has increased.

10. Families have growing tendency to use
alternative therapies such as acupuncture
or the therapeutic touch. Health care
providers should be aware of alternative
forms of therapy, like meditation,
exercises, herbal therapies.etc.

11. In earlier days, women were hospitalized
for longer duration and physical activity
was increased very gradually. Over the
years now, however, health care personnel
have realised that early return to normal
activities is the best course for
uncomplicated births.

12. With increased societal emphasis on
shared parenting and the recognition of
parental bonding, many fathers are active
in care giving and enjoy the closeness it
brings.