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John Little,
whiskey and flow

           Paulo Caroli               Agile Coach




           pcaroli@thoughtworks.com
           Twitter: @paulocaroli
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Flow numbers at the bar
WIP




• The number of bottles in the bar. Bottles
  that have been opened, but not yet
  empty.
Lead time




• The time between the bottle is added to
  the bar and the bottle comes out of the
  bar (empty).
Cycle time




• The time between two successive empty
  bottles leaving the bar
Throughput




• The rate at which bottles are passing through
  the bar.
Batch size




• The size of the bottles.
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Flow numbers at the Kanban board
To Do                         Doing         Done

                                     12
10                                             1
                              John

              7
                                                   5
                                4
9                                    Suzy

                         21                   18
         31
                  Paul

                                     17

     5                        Amy
To Do                         Doing         Done
                              WIP
                                     12
10                                             1
                              John

              7
                                                   5
                                4
9                                    Suzy

                         21                   18
         31
                  Paul

                                     17

     5                        Amy
To Do                             Doing              Done
                                                     Day 6
         Day 1                           12     10
10                     10
                                  John                   1


              7   Lead Time
                                                              5
                                    4
9                                        Suzy

                             21                          18
         31
                      Paul

                                         17

     5                            Amy
To Do                         Doing                      Done
                                            Cycle time
                                     12
10                                                          1
                              John             Day 1


              7
                                               Day 2            5
                                4
9                                    Suzy

                         21                    Day 3       18
         31
                  Paul

                                     17

     5                        Amy
To Do                         Doing         Done

                                     12
10                                             1
                              John

              7
                                                   5
                                4
9                                    Suzy

                         21                   18
         31
                  Paul

                                     17
                                             Throughput
     5                        Amy
To Do                           Doing         Done

                                             12
        10                                             1
                                      John

Batch size
                      7                                    5
                                        4
        9                                    Suzy

                                 21                   18
                 31
                          Paul

                                             17

             5                        Amy
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Little’s Law
To Do                         Doing         Done
                              WIP
                                     12
10                                             1
                              John

              7
                                                   5
                                4
9                                    Suzy

                         21                   18
         31
                  Paul

                                     17

     5                        Amy
To Do                        Doing                  Done
                             WIP
                                    12
10 Demand                                  Throughput
                                                        1
                             John

             7
                                                             5
                               4
9                                   Suzy

                        21                              18
        31
                 Paul

                                    17

    5                        Amy
To Do                         Doing              Done
                              WIP
                                     12
10                                                  1
                              John

              7
                                                        5
                                4
9                                    Suzy

                         21                        18
         31
                  Paul               Lead Time
                                     17

     5                        Amy
To Do                         Doing              Done
                               WIP
                                      12
 10                                                  1
                               John

               7
                                                         5
                                 4
 9                                    Suzy

                          21                        18
          31
                   Paul               Lead Time
                                      17

      5                        Amy



# WIP is proportional to average lead time
“The average number of work
 items in a stable system is equal
to their average completion rate,
 multiplied by their average time
          in the system.”

         John Little, 1961
WIP = Throughput x Lead time
The numbers at my bar
• My bar has 12 bottles of whiskey
• I finish an average of 6 bottles per year
• What is the average lead time for a bottle of
  whiskey?
?
WIP = Throughput x Lead time
 12 b= 6 b / year x Lead time
     Lead time = 2 years
Cycle time is the inverse of
        Throughput
WIP = Throughput x Lead time
            <=>
Lead Time = WIP x Cycle Time
Lead Time = WIP x Cycle Time

 2 years = 12 b x Cycle time
Cycle time = 1 year / 6 b
Converting to months…
Cycle time = 2 months / 1 b
In average, I finish a bottle every
            2 months
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Agenda
•   Flow numbers at the bar
•   Flow numbers at the Kanban board
•   Little’s Law
•   Q&A
Questions to the audience
•   What happens if my bar size reduces by half?
•   What if I only buy small bottles (half size)?
•   What if I double my drinking average?
•   Q&A
John Little,
whiskey and flow

           Paulo Caroli               Agile Coach




           pcaroli@thoughtworks.com
           Twitter: @paulocaroli
Thank you!
         Questions?
feedback please: @paulocaroli
 www.KanbanAndBeyond.com

                  Paulo Caroli               Agile Coach




                  pcaroli@thoughtworks.com
                  Twitter: @paulocaroli

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John little, whiskey and flow

  • 1. John Little, whiskey and flow Paulo Caroli Agile Coach pcaroli@thoughtworks.com Twitter: @paulocaroli
  • 2. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 3. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 4. Flow numbers at the bar
  • 5. WIP • The number of bottles in the bar. Bottles that have been opened, but not yet empty.
  • 6. Lead time • The time between the bottle is added to the bar and the bottle comes out of the bar (empty).
  • 7. Cycle time • The time between two successive empty bottles leaving the bar
  • 8. Throughput • The rate at which bottles are passing through the bar.
  • 9. Batch size • The size of the bottles.
  • 10. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 11. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 12. Flow numbers at the Kanban board
  • 13. To Do Doing Done 12 10 1 John 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul 17 5 Amy
  • 14. To Do Doing Done WIP 12 10 1 John 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul 17 5 Amy
  • 15. To Do Doing Done Day 6 Day 1 12 10 10 10 John 1 7 Lead Time 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul 17 5 Amy
  • 16. To Do Doing Done Cycle time 12 10 1 John Day 1 7 Day 2 5 4 9 Suzy 21 Day 3 18 31 Paul 17 5 Amy
  • 17. To Do Doing Done 12 10 1 John 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul 17 Throughput 5 Amy
  • 18. To Do Doing Done 12 10 1 John Batch size 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul 17 5 Amy
  • 19. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 20. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 22. To Do Doing Done WIP 12 10 1 John 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul 17 5 Amy
  • 23. To Do Doing Done WIP 12 10 Demand Throughput 1 John 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul 17 5 Amy
  • 24. To Do Doing Done WIP 12 10 1 John 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul Lead Time 17 5 Amy
  • 25. To Do Doing Done WIP 12 10 1 John 7 5 4 9 Suzy 21 18 31 Paul Lead Time 17 5 Amy # WIP is proportional to average lead time
  • 26. “The average number of work items in a stable system is equal to their average completion rate, multiplied by their average time in the system.” John Little, 1961
  • 27. WIP = Throughput x Lead time
  • 28. The numbers at my bar • My bar has 12 bottles of whiskey • I finish an average of 6 bottles per year • What is the average lead time for a bottle of whiskey?
  • 29. ?
  • 30. WIP = Throughput x Lead time 12 b= 6 b / year x Lead time Lead time = 2 years
  • 31. Cycle time is the inverse of Throughput
  • 32. WIP = Throughput x Lead time <=> Lead Time = WIP x Cycle Time
  • 33. Lead Time = WIP x Cycle Time 2 years = 12 b x Cycle time
  • 34. Cycle time = 1 year / 6 b
  • 36. Cycle time = 2 months / 1 b
  • 37. In average, I finish a bottle every 2 months
  • 38. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 39. Agenda • Flow numbers at the bar • Flow numbers at the Kanban board • Little’s Law • Q&A
  • 40. Questions to the audience • What happens if my bar size reduces by half? • What if I only buy small bottles (half size)? • What if I double my drinking average? • Q&A
  • 41. John Little, whiskey and flow Paulo Caroli Agile Coach pcaroli@thoughtworks.com Twitter: @paulocaroli
  • 42. Thank you! Questions? feedback please: @paulocaroli www.KanbanAndBeyond.com Paulo Caroli Agile Coach pcaroli@thoughtworks.com Twitter: @paulocaroli