Power point of written expression 4

1. Isfd 18
LEE 4
Mansilla, Adriana
Palamara, María Paula

3. Writing for a good
communication
productive skill
Comprehensive reading

4. Various principles
in writing
Decontextualized production process A social view
Writing=speaking Writing=speaking
(context bound) important for the development
of writing competence and
INTERACTION between listener spoken discourse
and speaker = clarification
negotiation
co-construction of meaning

5. READER BASED APPROACH
to writing to ensure the communicative power
of a text even in a setting where interaction is
decontextualized -1987-
Carl Bereiter has collaborated with Marlene Scardamalia on
cognitive and writing research for more than 35 years.
Happily married for many years, Carl and Marlene have
developed “knowledge building as a distinctive
educational approach”

6. How to develop a communicative text ?
Develop a reader-based approach
Prior knowledge and writing experience (Content Schemata)
Discourse knowledge and writing convention (Formal Schemata)
Assessment of writer’s intention and awareness of the audience
Metacognition ( editing, revision)
Top - Down processing

7. An even better written text...
Use proper lexical items
Choose proper grammatical forms
Use of appropriate cohesive devices
Pay attention to punctuation
Metacognition ( editing and revision)
Bottom - Up processing

8. Approaches to writing theory & writing instruction
audience context
in writing and
reading
language
-The expressivist
approach
-The cognitivist
approach
-The interactionists
Writing activities
Self discovery “Personal and dialog journals” -Elbow-
Thinking and process “Problem solving activity”
Interactive perspective “Intertextuality” -Bakhtin 1973-
Writer
responsible for
communication

9. Grice’s maxims -1975 -
Quantity
Information
Quality
Justification
Relevance
Sense in a context
Manner
Linguistic forms
sentence structure
Top down
processing
Bottom up
processing

10. How to develop a communicative text ?
Coherence
Organize thoughts into a sequence which makes sense
°Extratextual
Background
knowledge the
reader is likely to
bring to the reading
of the text
°Intratextual
Features in a
written text that the
writer should build
in a text to ensure
coherence
°Genre and rethorical format
Narrative / expository
Subgenres
purpose &
fables, novels
audience
folktales
-Expected readers
-place of written text

11. Writing instruction
Prior to writing #Brainstorming activities
#Discussions
#Oral interactions - role play activities -
Sts can discover they have
a lot to say about the subject
#Start writing! - encourage Sts to write about
anything at all -
STEPS 1st - choose the topic
2nd - think of the reader or the audience
3rd - choose the genre

12. Planning communicative
aOuctlitnievs ities
Flowcharts
Provide the writer with a system of mapping out the
main ideas to be presented in a logical way.
Brainstorming Describe the town where you live
advantage and disadvantage of the new technologies
the trip of your dreams
Features of
the trip Places to
visit
transportation
Taxis
Buses
Subway
old markets
Pubs
Rocky
Mountainous coastline

13. “Use the reading as model… Passages from
literature or written by others as models for one’s
“Sowunm wmraitirnizging - reading writing activity - For the writer’s
own use-
-two audiences-
Instructor
students
-use it to see if the student has understood the material-
-share their reading ( it’s a way to communicate ideas with others)
“Portfolio An ongoing collection of different writing
assignments
( Personal messages, letters, summaries essays)
A writing teacher Should develop writing tasks that suit the
students’ needs and interests to ensure motivation on the
writer. The result is a successful communication in the written
message.
useful for longer writing project before the actual writing is done

14. The more you read
the more your knowledge expand
!

15. In order to understand a written texts the reader needs the
application of different tasks:
● Decode the message
● Interpret the message
● Understand the author´ s intentions

16. Reading for Communication
Reader
Interaction Writer
Text

17. How to achieve an effective reading...
Metacognitive awareness
Top - Down processing
Consider Prior knowledge
and Prior reading experience
Apply knowledge of written convention
Consider the purpose of reading
Bottom - Up processing
Recruit linguistic knowledge -vocabulary, grammar,
punctuation, cohesion, orthography-and
Reading strategies

18. How to facilitate the interpretation of a text
while reading?
Coherence Cohesion
Reader´s experience
Knowledge on writing
conventions
Reader´s linguistic
competence

19. Problems in reading
● Mismatch ( predictions/ text; prior
knowledge/text; linguistic
competence/text)
● Ambiguity of referencial ties
( articles, pronouns or demostratives)

20. A well written product is in constant
changing and revision to suit the
writer’s goals and needs to
accommodate potential readers
An effective reading is achieved by
developing reading strategies. Making
constant adjustment to the text to match the
schemata of context and form, presented by
the writer in the text, with our own schemata
and view of the world.

21. Sources
-Celce-Murcia, M. & Olshtain, E. (2000) Discourse and Context in
Language Teaching. A Guide for Language Teachers. Chapters 7, 8. U.K.:
Pictures
sources
-Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg Available at: en.wikipedia.org
-Breaking Down Critical Reading | Princeton Tutoring Blog
blog.princetontutoring.com
-Bad Girls: Summer Reading Book Club Edition - Work Life Balance ...
wlbpa.org