Nuclear power plants produce electricity through nuclear fission, which is the splitting of uranium atom nuclei. This releases a large amount of energy that is used to heat water and produce steam that spins turbines to generate electricity. While nuclear energy produces few greenhouse gas emissions, it generates radioactive nuclear waste that is difficult to store and remains dangerous for thousands of years. The economics of nuclear power are impacted by its high capital costs to build plants, but also low fuel costs over the plant's lifetime.

1. NUCLEAR
POWER

2. Nuclear energy is
made in power plants by splitting
the nuclei of heavy atoms, such as
uranium.
This splitting of nuclei(nuclear
fission)releases a very large
amount of energy

3. TWO TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS
WHICH RELEASE ENERGY
1. FISSION of the nuclei of some heavy elements
 It is employed in power station and for marine
propulsion
2. FUSION of the nuclei of certain light elements
 Research in the controlled release of thermo-
nuclear power from the fusion reaction is being
carried out, but so far its only application has been
limited to relatively uncontrolled release of power,
as in the HYDROGEN BOMB

4. Nuclear Power Today
-Provides almost 20% of world’s electricity (8%
in U.S
-69% of U.S. non-carbon electricity generation
-More than 100 plants in U.S. None built
since the 1970s
-200+ plants in the Europe Leader is
France
-About 80% of its power from nuclear

5. The first commercial application
of nuclear power was the UK Calder
Hall power station(1956).The
development of the advanced gas-
cooled reactor in the UK and the
pressurised-water reactor in the USA
has made nuclear power competitive
with other sources.
The energy for nuclear fission is used to oil
water and make steam, which then turns turbines
that generators that generates electricity.

6. Nuclear energy is created through a mechanism called a
reactor. The power source is the heat produced by a controlled
nuclear fission chain reaction, either of uranium or plutonium. This
reaction involves an element, such as uranium or plutonium, being
struck by a neutron and splitting. The result of the fission of these
large atoms is the creation of new, smaller atoms as by-products,
radiation and more neutrons. Those neutrons speed out and strike
other uranium/plutonium atoms, creating a chain reaction. The chain
reaction in a reaction is controlled by neutron moderators, which vary
depending on the design of the reactor. This can be anything from
graphite rods to simple water.
Once the heat has been released, a nuclear reactor produces
electricity in exactly the same manner as any other thermal-based
power plant. The heat converts water into steam, and the steam is
used to turn the blades of a turbine, which runs the generator.

8. BRIEF HISTORY
Nuclear power is both simple and complex. Fissioning
neutrons produce great heat. Heat placed in water makes steam.
Steam accelerates a turbine which in turn powers a generator to
make electricity. As a result, people can heat and cool their homes,
operate their blow dryers, use their laptop, computer, light their
rooms at night, and feel safe in their cities. Nuclear power has
been harnessed to make devastating bombs that can level cities
and states and countries. Nuclear power can only be managed
with human assistance and creativity. And yet the limitation
inherent in human ingenuity have led to tremendous accidents
which have made many sick. At the same time, oil prices continue to
rise while coal mines collapse and workers die, so some people argue that
nuclear energy is cheap and safe compared to other forms of power. Still,
others have pointed to the problem of storage and disposal of nuclear by-
products, in particular toxic waste, substances that may remain deadly for
billions of years. And then there are the so-called alternative energy
sources specifically wind and solar, both heralded by environmentalists
while industry attempts to find a way to blend them with commerce. So
while the process of nuclear energy is relatively simple, the moral, social,
political and economic aspects of this power make it very complex.

9. Thirty countries operate nuclear power stations. In
2010, before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, it was
reported that an average of about 10 nuclear reactor were
expected to become operational per year, although according
to the World Nuclear Association, of the 17 civilian reactors
planned to become operational between 2007 and 2009, only
five actually came on steam. As of June 2011, Germany and
Switzerland are phasing-out nuclear power.
As of June 2011, countries such as Australia, Austria,
Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, and Norway
remain opposed to nuclear power.

10. COUNTRIES THAT USES NUCLEAR ENERGY
•United States •Bulgaria
•France •Finland
•Russia • Slovakia
•Japan •Brazil
•Germany •South Africa
• South Korea • Lithuania
•Ukraine • Hungary
•Canada •Romania
• United Kingdom • Mexico
• China •Argentina
•Taiwan •Slovenia
•Spain •Holland
•Belgium •Pakistan
•India •Armenia
•Czech Republic •Iran.
•Switzerland

11. According to the International Atomic Energy
Agency, there were 436 nuclear power plants in
operation in 2007.
The five countries most reliant on
nuclear energy are France, Lithuania,
Belgium, Slovakia and Ukraine.

12. IS PHILIPPINES USING
NUCLEAR ENERGY?
NO

13. Advantages of nuclear energy
 Nuclear plants bring jobs and prosperity to a country
 Provides the world with the most of its electricity
 Not many nuclear have happened; natural disasters cause more damage
 Canada has easy access to uranium
 Its good for the economy
 Lots of energy is produced from a small amount of uranium
 Does not emit carbon dioxide(greenhouse effect)
 Generating electricity from nuclear energy causes little pollution

14. disadvantages of nuclear energy
Disposing of the nuclear waste is very difficult and needs to be done after a
lot of planning by the experts
The radioactive waste takes years to be no longer hazardous
Waste must be stored very carefully for a long time
Storing is a huge problem. The waste is very dangerous. It is radioactive
Nuclear power plants are very expensive to build
Uranium is not renewable and can lead to environmental problems through
mining and processing

15. Can it affect the economy if you use
that type of technology?
Yes, it can affect to the
economy ,to the countries that
use this type of energy because
their economy rises and became
successful but of all the nuclear
plants built from it. It harms us a
lot. The cost of these nuclear
plants are around 2 billion dollars
each, however many people do
not realize this.

16. Effects to the economy when you use nuclear energy
 Nuclear power is cost competitive with other forms of electricity
generation, except where there is direct access to low-cost fossil
fuels.
 Fuel costs for nuclear plants are a minor proportion of total generating
costs, though capital costs are greater than those for coal-fired
plants and much greater than those for gas-fired plants.
In assessing the economics of nuclear power, decommissioning and
waste disposal costs are fully taken into account.
Direct Cost savings
Fossil fuel price capping
Energy supply security (Avoided lost output)
Avoided net fuel imports
Enhanced technology exports
Electricity price stability
Intellectual capital gains

17. Enhanced productivity
Improved competitively
Improved terms of trade
Currency appreciation and enhanced economic growth
Changed levels of morbidity and mortality, therefore economic output
Changed physical damage and environmental losses affecting
resource utilisation
Direct effects on resources
Changed institutional costs
Changed economic efficiency

18. FACTS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear power plants produce about
20 percent of America's power.
While nuclear energy produces less
waste than fossil fuels, its
radioactive waste must be stored
in special containers and buried
beneath the earth's surface,
typically in a mountain, until it is
no longer hazardous
There are over 400 nuclear power
plants worldwide.

19. Almost 3 million Americans live
within 10 miles of an operating
nuclear power plant.
Nuclear energy comes from
uranium, a non-renewable
resource that must be mined.
 In 2009, America produced 798.7
billion kilowatts of nuclear
energy more than twice that of
any other country and over 30%
of all the nuclear energy
generated worldwide that year.

20. Nuclear power plants use nuclear
fission (the process of splitting of
an atom in two). Nuclear fusion
(the process of combining atoms
into one) has the potential to be
safer energy because it is produced at
a much lower temperature. However,
nuclear fusion technology has not yet
been developed to operate within a
large power plant.
Every 18 to 24 months, a power plant
must shut down to remove its spent
uranium fuel, which has become
radioactive waste.

21. United States power plants
produce 2,000 metric tons
of radioactive waste every
year.
In 2008, nuclear power
replaced an estimated 690
million metric tons of
carbon dioxide from
entering the atmosphere.
Nuclear power plants generate
nearly three-fourths of
America's clean-air energy.