making ir sensor using breadboard

1. SENSORS
HOW TO MAKE IR SENSOR
ON BREAD BOARD
PRESENTED BY –
PEEYUSH VISHWAKARMA
JAKAULLAH SHEIKH
PAWAN RAJPUT
AMAN VERMA

2. TOPICS TO BE COVERD
• INTRODUCION
• WHAT IS IR SENSOR
• PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• APPLICATION
• PROS AND CONS

3. INTRODUCTION
• THIS PROJECT AND IT’S CIRCUIT ARE ONE OF THE MOST BASIC AND POPULAR
SENSER MODULE .IN ELECTRONICS THIS SENSOR ANALOGOUS TO HUMAN’S
VISIONARY SENSES WHICH CAN BE USED TO DETECT AN OBSTACLE, WHICH IS
ONE OF IT’S COMMON APPLICATION. IN ROBOTICS, A GROUP OF SUCH MODULES
ARE USED SO THAT A ROBOT CAN FOLLOW A LINE PATTERN. BASICALLY SENSOR
IS A DEVICE THAT COVERT PHYSICAL QUANTITY INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
THAT CAN BE READ BY OBSERVER OR AN INSTRUMENT.

4. WHAT IS AN IR SENSOR
• AN IR SENSOR IS AN ELECRONIC
INSTRUMENT WHICH IS USED TO SENSE
CIRTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF IT’S
SURROUNDING BY EITHER EMITTING
AND/OR DETECTING IR RADIATION.
• INFRARED RADIATION IS THE PORTION OF
ELECTROMAGNATIC SPECTRUM HAVING
WAVELENGTH LONGER THAN VISIBLE BUT
SMALLER THAN MICROWAVE
• THE IR REGION IS ROUGHLY FROM 0.75
UM -1000 UM
• IR SENSOR WORKS AS A PROXIMITY
SENSOR

5. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• IR LED KEEPS TRANSMITTING INFRA
RED RAYS UP TO SOME RANGE .
• WHEN SOME OBJECTS COMES IN THE
IN IR RANGE THE IR WAVE HITS THE
OBJECT AND COMES BACK AT SOME
ANGLE
• THE PHOTODIODE NEXT TO IR LED
DETECTS THAT IR RAYS WHICH GOT
REFLECTED FROM THE OBJECT .

6. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
1.LM 358 IC:
.IT COMPARES TWO INPUT VOLTAGES AND
PRODUCE OUTPUT ACCORDING TO INPUT.
.SPECIFICATION:-A.SUPPLY VOLTAG : 3V – 30
V
B.OUTPUT CURRENT:40 MILLI AMP
C. PACKAGE : 8 PIN DIP PACKAGE.
FEATURES: 1. LARGE DC VOLTAGE GAIN
2. WIDE BANDWIDTH
3. DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
EQUAL TO THE POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE
4.LOW INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE: 2 MILLIVOLT
5.LOW INPUT OFFSET CURRENT : 2 NANO AMP
2.POWER SUPPLY: 5 VOLT- 10 VOLT’

7. 3.IR LED :
• ALSO KNOWN AS IR TRANSMITTER
• IT USUALLY MADE OF GALLIUM ARSENIDE
OR INDIUM GALLIUM ARSENIDE
• IT LOOKS LIKE A COMMON LED
4. PHOTODIODE:
. IT CONVERTS LIGHT IN TO CURRENT
.IT OPERATES IN REVERSE BIAS
.ON/ OFF TIME IS VERY LESS
5. LED
6.BREAD BOARD
7.CONNECTING WIRE
8.RESISTER: 100 E
10K
220E
9. POTENTIOMETER 10K

8. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
.THE TRANSMITTER PART OF THE SENSOR
PROJECT IS IR LED AND RECEIVER PART IS
PHOTO DIODE THE OUTPUT OF THE
RECEIVER VARIES DEPENDING UPON ITS
RECEPTION OF IR RAYS. THIS OUTPUT IS
FED TO THE INPUT OF COMPARATOR .
AND THE SECOND INPUT OF
COMPARATOR IS FED FROM
POTENTIOMETER.

9. APPLICATION
DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
BRIGHTNESS COMPARISON
OBSTACLE DETECTOR
IN ROBOTICS

10. PROS AND CONS
• ADVANTAGES:
• LOW POWER REQUIREMENT
• SIMPLE CIRCUITERRY
• DIRECTION BEAM
• HIGH NOISE IMMUNITY
• DISADVANTAGES:
• LINE OF SIGHT REQUIREMENT
• BLOCKED BY COMMON OBJECTS
• SHORT RANGE
• EASILY AFFECTED BY PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

11. THANK YOU