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Inman_Stem_Cells_05
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4. Early Development Fertilized egg Totipotent stem cells Totipotent : Can become any cell in body or placenta Fate Decision Pluripotent stem cells Blastocyst Pluripotent : Can become any cell in body Implantation Gastrulation Fate Decision Multipotent stem cells Primary Germ Cells Endoderm (inner) Mesoderm (middle) Ectoderm (outer) Multipotent : Can become any cell within a specific germ layer or cell lineage Embryonic stem cells come from inner cell mass of blastocyst.
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6. Is that an Embryonic Stem Cell? Embryonic stem cells injected into a SCID mouse will grow into teratomas, tumors of the germ cell layers. Individual ESCs under the correct conditions will make many different cell types. The true potential of stem cells can only be assessed retrospectively SCID Mouse: Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency
7. Stem Cells: From Embryonic to Adult Embryonic stem cells are those removed from the blastocyst before the fate decision from pluripotentiality to multipotentiality. Adult stem cells are those multipotential cells that persist in fully developed tissues. These cells never differentiated into the mature cell types of the tissues in which they reside. http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI0032
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9. Adult Stem Cells – Bone Marrow NIH: stemcells.nih.gov/ info/basics/basics4.asp Major repository of adult stem cells -Hematopoeitic -Mesenchymal Give rise to immune system cells Constant turnover
10. Stem Cell Phenotype Fate dictated by environment… Shihabuddin, et al., J. Neuroscience 20(23) 8727-8735, 2000 Neural stem cells Neurons Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Stem cells placed in brain become neurons… Stem cells placed in spinal cord become glial cells…
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14. Culturing Embryonic Stem Cells Obtain stem cells from 1. Remove inner cell mass 2. Put cells in dish with feeder layer 3. Cells divide Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Oocyte without nucleus Inject nucleus from adult somatic cell Blastocyst Fertilized egg Blastocyst + Sperm Oocyte In Vitro Fertilization