8. Lie Factor
“The representation of numbers, as physically measured on
the surface of the graphic itself, should be directly
proportional to the quantities represented.”
Source: Tufte 1991
9. Lie Factor
1985: the line representing 27.5 m/g is 5.3 inches long
1978: the line representing 18.0 m/g is 0.6 inches long
Lie Factor: 783 / 53 = 14.8!
Source: The New York Times
13. Charles Minard’s data-map describes the successive losses
in men of the French army during the French invasion of
Russia in 1812
Source: Edward Tufte - Beautiful Evidence
14. 3 - Show multivariate data; that is, show more than 1 or 2
variables.
15. Channel Ranking vs. Data Type
Quantitative Ordinal Nominal
Position Position Position
Length Density Hue
Angle Saturation Texture
Slope Hue Connection
Area Texture Containment
Volume Connection Density
Density Containment Saturation
Saturation Length Shape
Hue Angle Length
Texture Slope Angle
Connection Area Slope
Containment Volume Area
Shape Shape Volume
Source: Tamara Munzner. Chapter 27, p 675-707, of Fundamentals of Graphics, Third Edition, by Peter Shirley et al. AK Peters, 2009
16. Maps for height, hair color and
cephalic index distribution
Source: Semiology of Graphics - Jacques Bertin
17. Map for height, hair color and
cephalic index distribution
Source: Semiology of Graphics - Jacques Bertin
25. 5 - Thoroughly describe the evidence. Provide a detailed
title, indicate the authors and sponsors, document the data
sources, show complete measurement scales, point out
relevant issues.
