The document discusses plastics recycling and proper waste management in the Philippines. It describes the plastics industry process from upstream oil refining and naphtha cracking to produce resins, to midstream resin manufacturing, and downstream plastic product manufacturing. It highlights key plastics types used in various applications and initiatives to promote recycling, including mobile collection programs and development of alternative recycling technologies like melting ovens and using waste plastics in asphalt. Issues around education, implementation, and partnerships are discussed.

1. Recycling & Proper Waste Management of PLASTICS Making Business work for the Environment philippine plastics industry association 122 A. del mundo st. (W) grace park, caloocan city 330-4423 to 24

2. All plastics are derived from distilling crude oil from the ground or gas extraction Feedstock for petrochemicals 2.4% - 4% for all types of plastics, packaging is only a small part of this figure OIL REFINERIES The Philippine Plastics Industry NAPHTHA CRACKER or Gas Cracker UPSTREAM Gas/Naphtha Cracker Plant

3. NAPHTHA CRACKER or Gas Cracker OIL REFINERIES Converts MONOMERS or FEEDSTOCK to POLYMERS - Both are highly capital intensive industries amounting to US$ 1.0 B MIDSTREAM Resin Manufacturers The Philippine Plastics Industry Assn of Petrochemical Mfrs. of the Phils. UPSTREAM Gas/Naphtha Cracker Plant POLYMER PLANT

4. NAPHTHA CRACKER or Gas Cracker OIL REFINERIES POLYMER PLANT MIDSTREAM Resin Manufacturers PACKAGING TRANSPORT ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS FIBER & TEXTILES HOUSEWARE CONSTRUCTION PLASTIC PROCESSORS DOWNSTREAM Plastic Manufacturers The Philippine Plastics Industry Assn of Petrochemical Mfrs. of the Phils. Philippine Plastics Industry Assn. MEDICAL RECYCLING UPSTREAM Gas/Naphtha Cracker Plant

6. RP Plastics Industry Profile Sources: National Statistics Office Sources: National Statistics Office

7. Plastics Industry Profile Sources: National Statistics Office

8. PLASTIC Recycling in the Philippines

9. R E S I N I D E N T I F I C A T I O N C O D E S Bottles, plastic lumber applications. Three and five gallon reusable water bottles, some citrus juice and catsup bottles. Dependent on resin or combination of resins Other . Use of this code indicates that the package in question is made with a resin other than the six listed above, or is made of more than one resin listed above, and used in a multi-layer combination. Thermometers, light switch plates, thermal insulation, egg cartons, vents, desk trays, rulers, license plate frames, foam packing, foam plates, cups, utensils Compact disc jackets, food service applications, grocery store meat trays, egg cartons, aspirin bottles, cups, plates, cutlery. Versatility, insulation, clarity, easily formed Polystyrene (PS). Polystyrene is a versatile plastic that can be rigid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle. It has a relatively low melting point. Typical applications include protective packaging, containers, lids, cups, bottles and trays. Automobile battery cases, signal lights, battery cables, brooms, brushes, ice scrapers, oil funnels, bicycle racks, rakes, bins, pallets, sheeting, trays. Catsup bottles, yogurt containers and margarine tubs, medicine bottles Strength, toughness, resistance to heat, chemicals, grease and oil, versatile, barrier to moisture. Polypropylene (PP). Polypropylene has good chemical resistance, is strong, and has a high melting point making it good for hot-fill liquids. PP is found in flexible and rigid packaging to fibers and large molded parts for automotive and consumer products. Shipping envelopes, garbage can liners, floor tile, furniture, film and sheet, compost bins, paneling, trash cans, landscape timber, lumber Dry cleaning, bread and frozen food bags, squeezable bottles, e.g. honey, mustard. Ease of processing, strength, toughness, flexibility, ease of sealing, barrier to moisture. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).Used predominately in film applications due to its toughness, flexibility and relative transparency, making it popular for use in applications where heat sealing is necessary. LDPE is also used to manufacture some flexible lids and bottles and it is used in wire and cable applications Packaging, loose-leaf binders, decking, paneling, gutters, mud flaps, film and sheet, floor tiles and mats, resilient flooring, cassette trays, electrical boxes, cables, traffic cones, garden hose, mobile home skirting. Clear food and non-food packaging, medical tubing, wire and cable insulation, film and sheet, construction products such as pipes, fittings, siding, floor tiles, carpet backing and window frames.. Versatility, clarity, ease of blending, strength, toughness, resistance to grease, oil and chemicals. Vinyl (Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC): In addition to its stable physical properties, PVC has excellent chemical resistance, good weatherability, flow characteristics and stable electrical properties. The diverse slate of vinyl products can be broadly divided into rigid and flexible materials. Bottles and packaging sheet are major rigid markets, but it is also widely used in the construction market for such applications as pipes and fittings, siding, carpet backing and windows. Flexible vinyl is used in wire and cable insulation, film and sheet, floor coverings synthetic leather products, coatings, blood bags, medical tubing and many other applications. Liquid laundry detergent, shampoo, conditioner and motor oil bottles; pipe, buckets, crates, flower pots, garden edging, film and sheet, recycling bins, benches, dog houses, plastic lumber, floor tiles, picnic tables, fencing. Milk, water, juice, cosmetic, shampoo, dish and laundry detergent bottles; yogurt and margarine tubs; cereal box liners; grocery, trash and retail bags. Stiffness, strength, toughness, resistance to chemicals and moisture, permeability to gas, ease of processing, and ease of forming. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE is used to make bottles for milk, juice, water and laundry products. Unpigmented bottles are translucent, have good barrier properties and stiffness, and are well suited to packaging products with a short shelf life such as milk. Because HDPE has good chemical resistance, it is used for packaging many household and industrial chemicals such as detergents and bleach. Pigmented HDPE bottles have better stress crack resistance than unpigmented HDPE bottles. Fiber, tote bags, clothing, film and sheet, food and beverage containers, carpet, strapping, fleece wear, luggage and bottles. Plastic soft drink, water, sports drink, beer, mouthwash, catsup and salad dressing bottles. Peanut butter, pickle, jelly and jam jars. Ovenable film and ovenable prepared food trays. Clarity, strength, toughness, barrier to gas and moisture, resistance to heat Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE). PET is clear, tough, and has good gas and moisture barrier properties. Commonly used in soft drink bottles and many injection molded consumer product containers. Other applications include strapping and both food and non-food containers. Cleaned, recycled PET flakes and pellets are in great demand for spinning fiber for carpet yarns, producing fiberfill and geo-textiles. Nickname: Polyester. Products Applications Recycled Packaging Properties Descriptions Codes

10. PET – Polyethylene Terephthalate used for many bottles application because they are inexpensive, lightweight and shatter-resistant. (examples: Mineral/Drinking Water Bottles, cosmetic bottles)

11. PE/PP Rigids Polyethylene & Polypropylene “Hard” - used in rigid applications such as tables & chairs, PE pipes, bottles & closures, pallets, crates, drums and other hard plastics.

12. PE or PP Films and Bags Polyethylene & Polypropylene “Flexibles” – products which are used in flexible applications such as bags, liners, and other single or mono-component soft plastics.

13. PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride used for pipes and fittings, Tarpulins, Medical apps., etc.

14. General Purpose GPPS use d in general applications. PS Polystyrene Foam PS – Foam Polystyrene used in food service packaging. Official name is “Styrofoam” is a trade name of DOW Chemical. EPS – Expanded Polystyrene used as cushioning materials for fresh produce, electronic or appliance industries, etc. High Impact HIPS used for disposable cups, trays pitchers, Refrigerator liners, etc.

15. Other Plastic Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) Polyurethanes (PU) Polycarbonate (PC) Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) (Saran) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (trade name Teflon) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polycarbonate / ABS (PC/ABS) Multilayered Plastic (Laminates) Over 30,000 types

16. INDUSTRY INITIATIVES

17. Packaging Institute of the Philippines Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines Flexible Manufacturers Assn of the Phils. Soap and Detergent Association the Phils. Ad hoc Flexible Group PNOC-Petrochemical Development Corp. Assn. of Petrochemical Manufacturers of the Phils. Philippine Plastics Industry Association PET Manufacturers Assn. of the Philippines PET Recycling Development Assn. Metro Plastic Recycling Association Inc. Industry Convergence to address Environmental Issues Multisectoral Committee on the Environment

18. Working hand in hand to Establish Recycling Guidelines for Plastics developed by Japan Int’l. Coop, Agency Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources Nat’l/ Solid Waste Mgmt. Commission Dept. of Science & Technology - ITDI SAGIP Environment

20. PLASTIC RECYCLING

21. Bailed or Grinded for EXPORT SMYPG PET Recycling Plant B2B Technology

22. RECYCLING

23. RECYCLING

24. May nag re-recycle o nag re-resikulo ba ng mga Plastik Bags?

25. LDPE Bags for sugar and rice PP Bags for T-shirts, pants etc. Meron po! Segregation Facility Mapulang Lupa, Valenzuela City HDPE Grocery bags & sando bags HDPE Garbage bags

27. 30 kilos per bundle (paldo) for Export

28. Pilot Project on Mobile Plastic Collection and Recycling DENR NSWSMC DOST-ITDI Caloocan City Quezon City Metro Recyclers

29. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Launching at the Manufacturing Technology World Exhibit, World Trade Center, Sept. 26-29, 2007

30. QC Environmental Protection & Waste Management Dept. Brgy. Holy Spirit Brgy. Greater Fairview Brgy. Greater Lagro PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION MOA Signing with Pilot Barangays

31. Training on Recycling Guidelines for Plastics bags and Foam PS Japan Int’l. Coop, Agency Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources Nat’l/ Solid Waste Mgmt. Commission Dept. of Science & Technology - ITDI SAGIP Environment

35. Brgy. Greater Fairview, Quezon City

36. Brgy. Holy Spirit, Quezon City

37. Brgy. Greater Lagro, Quezon City

38. Brgy. New Era, Quezon City

39. Claret School of Quezon City (13 Nov)

40. Miriam College, Quezon City (11 Dec)

41. Brgy. 82-85 & 126-131 Clusters, Caloocan

42. Result of Dispatch & Collection Quezon City Caloocan City *from Oct 07 to mid-Jan 08 Brgy. 82-85 Cluster Brgy. 126 -131 Cluster Brgy. Greater Fairview Brgy. Greater Lagro Brgy. Holy Spirit Brgy. New Era Miriam College Claret School of Q.C. Date 1,557.8 Total Waste Diverted* Net Wt. (kg) LGU 497.3 1,055.5

44. PELLETIZING SORTING PROCESSING Trash Bags, among others Mechanical Recycling for PLASTICS Above: RECYCLED or PELLETIZED PLASTIC

45. Recycled Plastics

47. The Melting Oven Developed by: Dept. of Science & Technology, Industrial Technology Development Institute DOST-ITDI

48. Recycling Process Waste FPS/EPS, Plastic Bags Melting/Densification Densified Products (functional, novelty) Size Reduction

49. Plastic Sando Bags Used Cooking Oil RAW MATERIALS

51. Weighing and Charging

52. Melting Process

53. Molten Plastic casting/pouring into the metal molders Molding/Forming Technique

54. Functional Products Table tops School chair Cat walk blocks

55. Waste Plastics in Asphalt Mix for Road Pavement DOST-ITDI Developed by: Dept. of Science & Technology, Industrial Technology Development Institute

56. Shredding of waste plastic bags

57. Asphalt Asphalt with waste plastic bags Blending/Mixing Shredded waste plastic bags

58. Mixing Asphalt with waste plastic bags Aggregates Asphalt concrete with waste plastic bags

68. Recommended Recycling Practices: Plastics Recyclables Residuals ONLY Residuals X X Export Households “ RECYCLABLE” Dealers Manufacturers Eco-Aides Materials Recovery Facility / Waste Market Recyclers Store/Outlet Garbage Truck Landfills Alternatives

71. Oxo/Photo/Bio degradable Plastics PE & PP with Biomate additives (Oxo-Biodegrable Plastics) Step 1 Oxidation Degradation (Production of low molecular mass oxidation products) Step 2 Bio-Degradation (Bio-assimilation of low molecular mass oxidation products) Sun Light Heat and Oxygen (The Natural Environment) Natural Soil and Composting Environment

74. Effect of Substitution of Plastics on Mass, Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions 39 Mill t/a 144 Mill t/a Alternative materials x 3,7 Total mass for same funct. Units Subst. Plastics 46,4 Mill. t incl. not substitutable plastic products 4.940 Mill GJ/a 7.230 Mill GJ/a +46% Alternative materials (incl. not subst. plastics) Energy consumption in total life-cycle All plasticproducts 240 Mill t/a 360 Mill t/a +50% GHG emissions in total life-cycle Alternative materials (incl. not subst. plastics) All plasticproducts

76. GLASS Industry

82. THE PAPER RECYCLING PROCESS CUSTOMER PULPING DE-INKING FORMING PRESSING DRYING CALENDERING WRAPPING PRINTING SHIPPING WINDING REELING WASTE PAPER CLEANING/ SCREENING

83. Non-usable Paper Plastic coated or laminated papers, usually book covers PAPER TOWEL Wet-strength or unrepulpable papers Carbon papers

84. Requirements: Old Newspapers (ONP) Also includes all newsprint papers such as magazines (MOD,Womens,Kislap) Not yellowish or sunburned Atras BUKAS Bayan sa RW Print date should not be more than 6 months old upon delivery June 6, 2002 Not heavily printed or heavily colored (ex. Komiks)

85. White Papers Printed bond papers,notebooks, computer forms,books,etc... Requirements: Not yellowish or sunburned Notebook springs should be removed Glossy or coated papers should be separated if quantity is big Not heavily printed or heavily colored

86. Old Corrugated Cartons (OCC) Requirements: Brown carton boxes Should be baled or tied Brown on both sides. White or colored cartons such as Zesto and Coke boxes are classified as mixed waste. Coke Zesto Zesto

87. Mixed Waste Gray chipboard, carbonless papers, colored and heavily printed papers, colored OCC, envelopes, folders, newspapers more than 6 months old, mimeo test papers, komiks, and other repulpable papers not falling in the other 3 categories.

88. Thank you very much