A slide deck that supported my recent university lectures during this autumn in Italy (Polytechnic of Bari), Switzerland (EPFL Lausanne) and Poland (SWPS University Warsaw). It introduces Artificial Intelligence from a business perspective, talks about the need to have a more robust AI tools with AI Ethics and Trust and eventually presents future trajectories such as the Active Intelligence frontier.

1. Active
Intelligence
Pietro Leo
IBM Executive Architect - Chief Scientist and Strategist for the IBM
Italy Research & Business - Member of IBM Academy Leadership www.pieroleo.com

2. Siri
GPSDeepBlue, 1997
Watson, 2011
AlphaGo, 2016
Face Detection & Recognition
Self-drive vehiclesRecommenders
Voice Activated Devices
Assistants & ChatBots
Jeobardy!
Real-time Translation
A number of ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE tools already support
our decisions
but ACTIVE INTELLIGENCE
SYSTEMS will take care of us
PLUS
one Last thought
Bonus

3. Siri
GPSDeepBlue, 1997
Watson, 2011
AlphaGo, 2016
Face Detection & Recognition
Self-drive vehiclesRecommenders
Voice Activated Devices
Assistants & ChatBots
Jeobardy!
Real-time Translation

4. @pieroleo
Artificial intelligence is applied when a machine
mimics "cognitive" functions that humans
associate with other human minds, such as
"learning" and "problem solving"
Point 1: Artificial Intelligence algorithms take good
decisions also in presence of uncertainly or lack of data
What is Artificial Intelligence
Point 2: Traditional algorithms solve problems that humans
know how already how to solve
“The designing and building of
intelligent agents that receive
percepts from the environment and
take actions that affect that
environment”
Dr. Stuart Russell and Dr.
Peter Norvig

5. DeepBlue, 1997 Watson, 1997
AlphaGo, 2016
AlphaZero, 2017
BioMind, 2018
HEAD CANCER
DIAGNOSIS
COMPETITION
COMPUTER VS HUMANS
IN COMPLEX GAMES

6. TESLA - AUTOPILOT
1.000.000.000
MILES
WAYMO - SELFDRIVE
10.000.000
MILES

7. FACE RECOGNITION
IN AIRPORT
TERMINALS
VOICE IS
BECOMINGTHE NEW
INTERFACE

8. Image Credits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/yeeship/
How Artificial
Intelligence is
perceived from
the business
world, today?
www.pieroleo.com

9. 400 use cases
in 19 Industries
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

10. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-analytics/our-insights/the-executives-ai-playbook?page=industries/

11. NewUseCases/NewTheories/NewKnowledge
AI Vendor AI Buyers
700
1.500
3.000
300
4 layers, 40 categories, 100 sub categories.
Source: https://www.cognilytica.com/2019/01/16/cognilyticas-
classification-of-the-ai-vendor-ecosystem-overview-and-bottom-3-
layers/
A sample of 3.000 AI companies on CrunchBase
NewProducts/NewCompanies/NewMarkets
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

12. NewUseCases/NewTheories/NewKnowledge
AI Vendor AI Buyers
700
1.500
3.000
300
4 layers, 40 categories, 100 sub categories.
Source: https://www.cognilytica.com/2019/01/16/cognilyticas-
classification-of-the-ai-vendor-ecosystem-overview-and-bottom-3-
layers/
A sample of 3.000 AI companies on CrunchBase
NewProducts/NewCompanies/NewMarkets
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo
MxN

13. 13
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo
National Plans

14. 14
Source: https://www.grushgamer.com/
Democratizing with
the cloud the
access to AI
is contributing to
generate new
products, services
and new kind of
companies….
www.pieroleo.com

15. http://www.grushgamer.com/

16. Source: https://www.grushgamer.com/ www.pieroleo.com

17. Source: https://www.ibm.com/watson/products-services/
IBM Artificial Intelligence software stackforinsights generation
AIIndustrialMiddleware

18. The evolution of Artificial
Intelligence
IBM Research / © 2018 IBM CorporationIBM Research / © 2017 IBM Corporation
General AI
Revolutionary
2050 and beyond
Narrow AI
Emerging
Broad AI
Disruptive and
Pervasive
▼ We are here 18 18

19. The evolution of Artificial
Intelligence
IBM Research / © 2018 IBM CorporationIBM Research / © 2017 IBM Corporation
General AI
Revolutionary
2050 and beyond
Narrow AI
Emerging
Broad AI
Disruptive and
Pervasive
▼ We are here 19 19
Making it robust for
enterprises

20. Siri
GPSDeepBlue, 1997
Watson, 2011
AlphaGo, 2016
Face Detection & Recognition
Self-drive vehiclesRecommenders
Voice Activated Devices
Assistants & ChatBots
Jeobardy!
Real-time Translation
Artificial RISKS

21. @pieroleo
Sabine Moreau
By following the GPS’s direction, she finally
reached to Zagreb, in Croatia, which was
900 miles (1450 km) away from her desired
destination.
GPS

22. @pieroleo

23. @pieroleo
Source: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/facial-recognition-cameras-technology-london-
trial-met-police-face-cover-man-fined-a8756936.html

24. @pieroleo

25. @pieroleo
Source: https://venturebeat.com/2019/10/29/researchers-fool-person-detecting-ai-with-an-adversarial-t-shirt/
Researchers foil people-detecting AI with an
‘adversarial’ T-shirt
Achieve up to
79% and 63%
success rates in
digital and
physical worlds,
respectively,
against the
popular
YOLOv2 model.

26. @pieroleo

27. @pieroleo
https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/24/uber-in-fatal-crash-
detected-pedestrian-but-had-emergency-braking-
disabled/
Uber in a fatal crash, Mar 18

28. @pieroleo

29. @pieroleo
https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/24/uber-in-fatal-crash-
detected-pedestrian-but-had-emergency-braking-
disabled/
Uber in a fatal crash, Mar 18

30. @pieroleo

31. @pieroleo
MY TALKS COULD BE RECORDED

32. @pieroleo
Amusement park
thermal camera
gives one lucky
family a sneak
peak of their
preborn baby

33. @pieroleo
WHO IS REAL?
Source: http://www.whichfaceisreal.com/index.php

34. @pieroleo
https://modulate.ai/
YOU CAN SPEAK LIKE A CELEBRITY

35. @pieroleo
AI algorithms & Bias

36. @pieroleo
36
TEST

37. @pieroleo
37
TEST

38. @pieroleo
38Source: Jiawei Su and ali. One pixel attack for fooling deep neural networks https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.08864.pdf

39. @pieroleo
Performance comparison in turning a bagel image into an adversarial bagel image classified as a “grand piano” using
ZOO and AutoZOOM attacks.

40. @pieroleo
40
Source: https://art-demo.mybluemix.net/
Inserting a Backdoor into a Machine Learning DataSet

41. @pieroleo
41
Source: https://art-demo.mybluemix.net/
Inserting a Backdoor into a Machine Learning DataSet

42. Siri
GPSDeepBlue, 1997
Watson, 2011
AlphaGo, 2016
Face Detection & Recognition
Self-drive vehiclesRecommenders
Voice Activated Devices
Assistants & ChatBots
Jeobardy!
Real-time Translation
A new Territory for AI
how to deal with
TRUSTWORTHINESS

43. www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

44. To understand why do we need
TRUSTWORTHINESS
think about when cars were first invented…
it was like an un ruled world:
people driving left and right, no stop
signs, or seat belts
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

45. @pieroleo

46. @pieroleo
AI Ethics is becoming a marketplace

47. @pieroleo

48. @pieroleo
Image Credits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/yeeship/
Very soon, responsible use of
AI will be a big
INNOVATION
DIFFERENTIATOR
between companies that are
developing and/or using such
a kind of technology.

49. AI Ethics is becoming a marketplace
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

50. Very soon, responsible use of AI
will be a big
INNOVATION DIFFERENTIATOR
between companies that are
developing and/or using such a
kind of technology.
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

51. Autonomous
behaviors for
machines will be
a frequent asked
option. Active
IntelligenceIndividualized options or offerings on a
universal scale becomes feasible.
AI, big data, IoTand others
enable content and experiences to be
proactively tailored to the user with an
unprecedented level of relevance along the
whole industrial chains
www.pieroleo.com

52. Helpusto
Sense & Organize digital Data &
Information
Supportdecisions
for us and our organizations
Big Data
Decision
Lakes
• Internet
• Web/Mobile
• Data
• Cloud / IoT
• Analytics
• Artificial Intelligence /Machine
Learning
• Natural Interfaces
• Multimodal Reasoning
Why Active Intelligence Systems? Active Intelligence
New Products &
Services that
Proactively learn to
take care of us

53. Helpusto
Sense & Organize digital Data &
Information
Supportdecisions
for us and our organizations
Big Data
Decision
Lakes
• Internet
• Web/Mobile
• Data
• Cloud / IoT
• Analytics
• Artificial Intelligence /Machine
Learning
• Natural Interfaces
• Multimodal Reasoning
Active Intelligence
New Products &
Services that
Proactively learn to
take care of usTrustfulness & Ethics
Trustfulness & Ethics is a new exponential
growing factor

54. Wellbeing = taking care of ourselves
5
4
Awareness
Well-being
Short-terms Goals
Long-term Goals
Emergency
Domestic Tasks
& life at home
Work
Individual &
Family Happiness
Health &
Health Check
Art &
Entertainment
Mobility
Sports
Food &
Nutrition
Shopping
Security
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo
Awareness
Well-<being
Long-term Goals
Short-terms Goals

55. Technology vs Well being dimensions
5
5
Awareness
Well-being
Short-terms Goals
Long-term Goals
Emergency
Domestic Tasks & life at home
Work
Individual & Family
Happiness
Art & Entertainment
Mobility
Sports
Shopping
Security
Tablet
Smartphones
Self-driving cars
Smartwatches
Smart TV
Voice
Assistant
Smart Homes
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo
Awareness
Well-<being
Long-term Goals
Short-terms Goals
Health &
Health Check
Food & Nutrition

56. 5
6
Awareness
Well-being
Short-terms Goals
Long-term Goals
Emergency
Domestic Tasks & life at home
Work
Individual & Family
Happiness
Art & Entertainment
Mobility
Sports
Shopping
Security
Tablet
Smartphones
Self-driving cars
Smartwatches
Smart TV
Voice
Assistant
Smart Homes
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo
Awareness
Well-<being
Long-term Goals
Short-terms Goals
Health &
Health Check
Food & Nutrition
Active
Intelligence
Systems
….from supporting us to take care of us

57. Active support
for aging and
fragile
population
segment
New ways
for learning
and
problem
solving
Ambient and
Human Interaction
Automation
& R&D - Discovery
IBM Italy Active Intelligence Center - Bologna

58. Outright Bans Informing Citizens Active Vehicles

59. Source: Shaun Sweeney and others
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.00646.pdf
IBM Research & University College Dublin
Cyber-physics,
pollution
mitigation,
and electric
bikes A cyber-physical system that mitigates the effect of urban
pollution by indirectly controlling the minute ventilation
(volume of air inhaled per minute) of cyclists in polluted
areas.
Active e-bike
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

60. Source:
https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/201
9/10/smart-bike/
Co-riding With My eBike to Get Green
Lights, DIS ’19 Proceedings of the 2019 on
Designing Interactive Systems Conference,
Pages 1251-1263
Human-
System
partnership
Ari used artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of
Things to assist the rider to regulate the speed and
cross traffic lights on green.
Active e-bike 2
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo

61. High definition
Risk modeling to recognize
multiple forms of fragility
Complex
Pathologies are
in context of
large
ecosystems

62. Dementia in Italy
© 2019 IBM Corporation 62
$800 billion
in annual direct and indirect costs of care,
social payments and lost income
12% of global health expenditure is spent
on diabetes
Diabetes Disease
425 million
Total number of adults with diabetes (20-79
years) in the world
1 in 14,
352 million
Impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetics)
adults
www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo
1.2 million in Italy
Today there are 47.5 million people in the
world suffering from dementia and 8.2 million
in Europe
37.7 Billion Euro
expenditure
(about 2% GDP)
Annual social cost in Italy (2015 data)
57%
Expected reduced ratio of the number pf AD
patients by a hypothetical intervention that
delays the onset of AD by 5 years
High definition
Risk modeling to recognize
multiple forms of fragility

63. Extract meaningful behavioral features from sensor data and infer
changes in physical, cognitive, and mental functioning

64. Non-intrusive sensors can be embed in our daily living environments, and enable accurate and early estimation of age related
risks.
Gait Analysis to rstimate the whole body muscle and joint coordination

66. Action recognition
to estimate Activities
of Daily Living
Gabrielli, at all . “Action recognition to estimate Activities of Daily
Living (ADL) of elderly people ”- FAAL 2019

67. Speech Analysis Engine for Inferring Health States
Recognizing the relationship between speech and mental health it is possible to develop realtime
engine to help clinical decision making including timely diagnosis and intervention.
Depression, Bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease, Schizophrenia, Dementia, Mild cognitive impairment,
Emotion, Mood, Daily physical condition, etc.

68. ViTA Advisor: it is a
conversational multi-
modal agent to
support older as well
as a tool to collect
meaningful data
about the context of
an individual
Virtual Trainer for cognitive impaired patients
Sustain
Independence and
Dignity with affect
and purpose,
preserve and
reinforce
individuals and
social memories
Vita Memory Coach: a
system that supports
caregivers to collect
meaningful facts and
memories of an
individual and his
context
Vita
Memories
Leo, at all , “ViTA: Virtual Trainer for Aging”- FAAL 2017
Active Wellbeing
System

69. Coaching our memory and triggering affective states
11/4/19Tales

70. Your house will soon be
able to recognize if you
are depressed
Smart+ Lamp by Euroluce:
a first “Task” Lamp based on
neuroarchitecture www.pieroleo.com @pieroleo
Active Homes & Objects

71. Siri
GPSDeepBlue, 1997
Watson, 2011
AlphaGo, 2016
Face Detection & Recognition
Self-drive vehiclesRecommenders
Voice Activated Devices
Assistants & ChatBots
Jeobardy!
Real-time Translation
Last thought
Bonus

72. one Last thought
See video: https://vimeo.com/128873380

74. Active
Intelligence
Pietro Leo
IBM Executive Architect - Chief Scientist and Strategist for IBM
Italy Research & Business - Member of IBM Academy Leadership
www.pieroleo.com
@pieroleo
Grazie!