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How to Manage
                          Software Complexity
                               with OSGi
                              Peter Kriens & David Savage




donderdag 24 maart 2011
What is Complexity?



donderdag 24 maart 2011
Complex?




donderdag 24 maart 2011
The puzzle looks very simple,
                     contrary to many other wire
                    puzzles, that look scary and
                    complex right from the start.
                      Nevertheless, its looks are
                     deceiving, as it can prove to
                      be frustratingly difficult to
                                 solve.
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Complex?




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Complex?




                          Worlds Largest Jigsaw Puzzle
                                24.000 pieces
                                   (4.28m x 1.57m)


donderdag 24 maart 2011
The Eye Of The
                                Beholder
                   • Complexity of a task is the energy you use
                          to complete that task



                              c = √E/m
donderdag 24 maart 2011
The Eye Of The
                                Beholder
                   • Complexity of a task is the energy you use
                          to complete that task



                              c = √E/m
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Energy?

                   • Understanding the problem
                   • Learning the solution
                   • Accidental complexity
                   • Size matters!

donderdag 24 maart 2011
Energy?
                                          Subjective Complexity

                   • Understanding the problem
                   • Learning the solution
                   • Accidental complexity
                   • Size matters!

donderdag 24 maart 2011
Energy?
                                          Subjective Complexity

                   • Understanding the problem
                   • Learning the solution
                   • Accidental complexity
                   • Size matters!
                                            Absolute Complexity
                                                size related

donderdag 24 maart 2011
What’s Modularity
                   Got to do With Size???


donderdag 24 maart 2011
Modularity
                   •       Functions
                          • local variables
                   •       Object Oriented
                          • fields, methods, inheritance,
                             polymorphism
                          • instances
                   •       Bundles
                          • implementations, services
                          • components
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Modularity
                   •       Functions
                          • local variables
                   •       Object Oriented
                          • fields, methods, inheritance,
                             polymorphism
                          • instances
                   •       Bundles
                          • implementations, services
                          • components
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Modularity
               • Modularity is about
                      creating a difference
                      between an inside and an    A        B
                      outside                         AB
                                                      CD
               • Chunking - having an
                      anchor for an aggregation   C        D

               • Visibility - is reduced,
                      reducing the scope to
                      attend for changes

donderdag 24 maart 2011
Modularity
               • Modularity is about
                      creating a difference
                      between an inside and an     A   B
                      outside
               • Chunking - having an
                      anchor for an aggregation    C
                                                  AB
                                                  CD
                                                       D

               • Visibility - is reduced,
                      reducing the scope to
                      attend for changes

donderdag 24 maart 2011
Modularity
               • modules have a private
                      space and share a
                      public space              A   B
               •      modules limit their
                      visibility and exposure
                                                C   D
               •      Reduces geometric to
                      linear complexity



donderdag 24 maart 2011
Modularity
               • modules have a private
                      space and share a
                      public space              A         B
               •      modules limit their           Pub
                      visibility and exposure
                                                C         D
               •      Reduces geometric to
                      linear complexity



donderdag 24 maart 2011
Modularity
               • modules have a private
                      space and share a
                      public space              A         B
               •      modules limit their           Pub
                      visibility and exposure
                                                C         D
               •      Reduces geometric to
                      linear complexity



donderdag 24 maart 2011
Entropy
  E functionality




                           Emodularization
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Entropy
  E functionality




                           Emodularization
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Entropy
  E functionality




                           Emodularization
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Entropy
  E functionality




                           Emodularization
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Entropy
  E functionality




                           Emodularization
donderdag 24 maart 2011
Entropy
  E functionality




                           Emodularization
donderdag 24 maart 2011
#1 OSGi Complaint:
                            Class Loaders!



donderdag 24 maart 2011
Classloaders & Modularity




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Class Loading Revisited

                   • Class.forName
                   • Class path Scanning
                   • Service Loader
                   • Thread Context Class Loaders
                   • Factory, and FactoryBuilders

donderdag 24 maart 2011
Class Loading Revisited
               • Class loaders are used
                      to provide extensibility
                      and decoupling             A         B
               •      They were not                  Pub
                      designed for this
                      purpose,                   C         D
               •      And class loaders break
                      module boundaries


donderdag 24 maart 2011
Class Loading Revisited
                             A              B




                                   Public




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Class Loading Revisited
                             A                B
                                 C




                                     Public




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Class Loading Revisited
                             A                    B
                                 C            I




                                     Public




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Class Loading Revisited
                             A                    B
                                 C    X       I




                                     Public




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Class Loading Revisited
                             A                    B
                                 C            P




                                        I


                                     Public




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Would be nice to mention
        how µServices reduce surface
        area of design
                                          µServices
        efficiency of packet based
        approaches?

        but cost of packet based system
        is congestion - leads into
        dependency hell?




donderdag 24 maart 2011
#2 OSGi Complaint:
                           Dependency Hell


donderdag 24 maart 2011
Metadata Hell?




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Transitive Hell?




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Coupling
               • Modules require other
                      modules
               •      Dependencies are        A         B
                      transitive                  Pub
               • A→C→D                        C         D




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Coupling
               • Modules require other
                      modules
               •      Dependencies are        A         B
                      transitive                  Pub
               • A→C→D                        C         D




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Cohesion
               • Fan out is a problem
               • A does not transitively
                      depend on D!              A   B
               •      The dependency is
                      caused by
                                                C   D
                      (unnecessarily) packing
                      1 and 2 in the same
                      module


donderdag 24 maart 2011
Cohesion
               • Fan out is a problem
               • A does not transitively
                      depend on D!                A A     B
               •      The dependency is
                      caused by                   1   2   D
                      (unnecessarily) packing C
                      1 and 2 in the same
                      module


donderdag 24 maart 2011
Cohesion
               • Refactoring can
                      increase the cohesion
                      and reduce coupling      A     B
               •      But now A depends on
                      C1 and B depends on C2
                                             C 1 C
                                                 2   D
               •      Package dependencies C
                      are more robust to
                      changes


donderdag 24 maart 2011
Cohesion
               • Refactoring can
                      increase the cohesion
                      and reduce coupling          A       B
               •      But now A depends on
                      C1 and B depends on C2
                                               C
                                               1       C
                                                       2   D
               •      Package dependencies
                      are more robust to
                      changes


donderdag 24 maart 2011
Metadata Heaven?




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Requires Tools




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Tools
              1   Request deployment of a
                  component, e.g. a Bundle,
                    WAR, WAB or EAR

                                2    Refer to
                                    Application
                                      Policy              Resolver
                App
               Policy
                               3  Resolve
                               Dependencies       4  Provision
                                according to      component and
                                   Policy          dependencies
           Repository




                                                          Nimble




donderdag 24 maart 2011
Tools
              1   Request deployment of a
                  component, e.g. a Bundle,
                    WAR, WAB or EAR

                                2    Refer to
                                    Application
                                      Policy              Resolver
                App
               Policy
                               3  Resolve
                               Dependencies       4  Provision
                                according to      component and
                                   Policy          dependencies
           Repository




                                                          Nimble




donderdag 24 maart 2011
OSGi           OSGi            OSGi
                      Build Tools   Runtime Tools   Cloud Tools




                                                         ...

donderdag 24 maart 2011
OSGi           OSGi            OSGi
                      Build Tools   Runtime Tools   Cloud Tools




                                                         ...

donderdag 24 maart 2011
How to Manage
                              Complexity?
                   • Prepare to spend energy!
                   • Architecture = µservice model
                   • Use tools to manage Metadata and
                          Dependencies
                   • Small increments
                   • One test is worth a thousand opinions.
donderdag 24 maart 2011

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How to manage software complexity with OSGi

  • 1. How to Manage Software Complexity with OSGi Peter Kriens & David Savage donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 4. The puzzle looks very simple, contrary to many other wire puzzles, that look scary and complex right from the start. Nevertheless, its looks are deceiving, as it can prove to be frustratingly difficult to solve. donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 6. Complex? Worlds Largest Jigsaw Puzzle 24.000 pieces (4.28m x 1.57m) donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 7. The Eye Of The Beholder • Complexity of a task is the energy you use to complete that task c = √E/m donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 8. The Eye Of The Beholder • Complexity of a task is the energy you use to complete that task c = √E/m donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 9. Energy? • Understanding the problem • Learning the solution • Accidental complexity • Size matters! donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 10. Energy? Subjective Complexity • Understanding the problem • Learning the solution • Accidental complexity • Size matters! donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 11. Energy? Subjective Complexity • Understanding the problem • Learning the solution • Accidental complexity • Size matters! Absolute Complexity size related donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 12. What’s Modularity Got to do With Size??? donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 13. Modularity • Functions • local variables • Object Oriented • fields, methods, inheritance, polymorphism • instances • Bundles • implementations, services • components donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 14. Modularity • Functions • local variables • Object Oriented • fields, methods, inheritance, polymorphism • instances • Bundles • implementations, services • components donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 15. Modularity • Modularity is about creating a difference between an inside and an A B outside AB CD • Chunking - having an anchor for an aggregation C D • Visibility - is reduced, reducing the scope to attend for changes donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 16. Modularity • Modularity is about creating a difference between an inside and an A B outside • Chunking - having an anchor for an aggregation C AB CD D • Visibility - is reduced, reducing the scope to attend for changes donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 17. Modularity • modules have a private space and share a public space A B • modules limit their visibility and exposure C D • Reduces geometric to linear complexity donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 18. Modularity • modules have a private space and share a public space A B • modules limit their Pub visibility and exposure C D • Reduces geometric to linear complexity donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 19. Modularity • modules have a private space and share a public space A B • modules limit their Pub visibility and exposure C D • Reduces geometric to linear complexity donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 20. Entropy E functionality Emodularization donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 21. Entropy E functionality Emodularization donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 22. Entropy E functionality Emodularization donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 23. Entropy E functionality Emodularization donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 24. Entropy E functionality Emodularization donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 25. Entropy E functionality Emodularization donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 26. #1 OSGi Complaint: Class Loaders! donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 28. Class Loading Revisited • Class.forName • Class path Scanning • Service Loader • Thread Context Class Loaders • Factory, and FactoryBuilders donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 29. Class Loading Revisited • Class loaders are used to provide extensibility and decoupling A B • They were not Pub designed for this purpose, C D • And class loaders break module boundaries donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 30. Class Loading Revisited A B Public donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 31. Class Loading Revisited A B C Public donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 32. Class Loading Revisited A B C I Public donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 33. Class Loading Revisited A B C X I Public donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 34. Class Loading Revisited A B C P I Public donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 35. Would be nice to mention how µServices reduce surface area of design µServices efficiency of packet based approaches? but cost of packet based system is congestion - leads into dependency hell? donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 36. #2 OSGi Complaint: Dependency Hell donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 39. Coupling • Modules require other modules • Dependencies are A B transitive Pub • A→C→D C D donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 40. Coupling • Modules require other modules • Dependencies are A B transitive Pub • A→C→D C D donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 41. Cohesion • Fan out is a problem • A does not transitively depend on D! A B • The dependency is caused by C D (unnecessarily) packing 1 and 2 in the same module donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 42. Cohesion • Fan out is a problem • A does not transitively depend on D! A A B • The dependency is caused by 1 2 D (unnecessarily) packing C 1 and 2 in the same module donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 43. Cohesion • Refactoring can increase the cohesion and reduce coupling A B • But now A depends on C1 and B depends on C2 C 1 C 2 D • Package dependencies C are more robust to changes donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 44. Cohesion • Refactoring can increase the cohesion and reduce coupling A B • But now A depends on C1 and B depends on C2 C 1 C 2 D • Package dependencies are more robust to changes donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 47. Tools 1 Request deployment of a component, e.g. a Bundle, WAR, WAB or EAR 2 Refer to Application Policy Resolver App Policy 3 Resolve Dependencies 4 Provision according to component and Policy dependencies Repository Nimble donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 48. Tools 1 Request deployment of a component, e.g. a Bundle, WAR, WAB or EAR 2 Refer to Application Policy Resolver App Policy 3 Resolve Dependencies 4 Provision according to component and Policy dependencies Repository Nimble donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 49. OSGi OSGi OSGi Build Tools Runtime Tools Cloud Tools ... donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 50. OSGi OSGi OSGi Build Tools Runtime Tools Cloud Tools ... donderdag 24 maart 2011
  • 51. How to Manage Complexity? • Prepare to spend energy! • Architecture = µservice model • Use tools to manage Metadata and Dependencies • Small increments • One test is worth a thousand opinions. donderdag 24 maart 2011