PREPARED BY NORHAYATI PALIL

1. PRESENTATION CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

3. CRACKING ON FLOOR FACTOR : Drying shrinkage. Step placement of concrete from well barrow. The fast evaporation process HOW TO OVERCOME The dump placed correctly into the face of concrete. The time to place concrete must suitable.

4. CRACKING ON BEAM FACTOR : Corruption of reinforcement. Quality of concrete is less. Standard form of cover concrete is not followed. HOW TO OVERCOME Use quality concrete. Use water free from other particles. The contractor has to be honestly.

5. CRACKING ON THE COLUM FACTOR : Silt of plastic. HOW TO OVERCOME Perfect vibration. Perfect curing.

6. Cracking On Wall FACTOR : Joint uneffective. Curing process is not sufficient HOW TO OVERCOME: Plaster back on the surface. make the process of curing on time.

7. Factor of concrete damage 1. Design errors.2. Construction errors.3. The problem of quality of construction materials.4. Geotechnical problems.5. Problems that can not be predicted.

8. Lakaran jenis keretakan yang boleh berlaku pada struktur konkrit.

9. 1. Design errors. Errors can occur when making the assumption the total cost, followed by carelessness when making detailed. The design process using the standard code can produce work that is not well satisfied. 3. The designer must balance between the theoretical and practical design. 4. Errors in design will lead to cracks due to excessive stress applied to the structural elements.

10. The diagram describes the mechanisms of cracking due to loading.

11. communication between the engineer and contractor should be agree well. Job skills are main factors to the occurrence of any structural damage. Errors During Construction

12. To produce high quality concrete, the materials used, such as cement and aggregates must be in good condition and meet the set specifications. All contractors working on construction sites should be monitored to ensure good quality work. Materials Quality Problems

13. Geotechnical problems Geotechnical problems refers to the basic structure or pile and the soil itself is a problem. insufficient number of piles during piling or error, or is likely also the loss of soil bearing strength due to the close working.

14. Explosion Effect Effects of Accident (Collision) Earthquake Effects Concrete Deterioration Factors Fire Effects Problems Can not Be Predicted

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16. prepared by : SURAYA BT ISMAIL ADAM BIN YUSOFF ABDULLAH TARMIZI BIN ABD RAHMAN RAJA NOOR AMIRA AHMAD FITREE YOUNG JIA EE