This PPT is made by SYBSc Students of Textile Science and Apparel Design Department for their Class Presentation.

1. SPECIAL FINISHES TO
IMPROVE
PERFORMANCE
SUBMITTED BY
 SANJANA KOLI – 08
 NIKITA MERGU – 09
 AMENA PANVELWALA – 10
 AMUTULLAH PATAWALA 11
 CHITRA PAWAR – 12
 NIKITA PAWAR – 13
 JENNIFER QUADRAS - 14

2. INDEX
ANTISTATIC FINISHES
FLAME RETARDANT
FINISH
MOTH PROOFING
FINISH
STAIN AND SOIL
RESISTANT FINISH
WATER REPELLENT
AND WATER
PROOFING FINISH
ELASTOMERIC FIBRES
NOMEX AND KEVLAR

3. ANTISTATIC FINISHES
DEFINITION
Antistatic finishes are used for the removal in
Synthetic fibres of the unwanted effects of
electrostatic charge produced & wear of the
fabrics & knits.
 Electrostatic charge causes undesirable adhesive
power & a resultant shabbiness.
 It is applied by means of an antistatic chemical
treatment, the effect of which may be temporary
or permanent.

4. PROPERTIES OF ANTISTATIC FINISH
 There are two types of antistatic finish followed as:
DURABLE FINISHES NON-DURABLE FINISHES

5. DURABLE ANTISTATIC
 The basic principle is to form a cross linked polymer
network containing hydrophilic groups. Typically,
polyamines are reacting with poly-glycols to make
such structure.
 The amount of hydrophilic character in the final
polymer can be varied to meet individual
requirement. The larger the hydrophilic portions, the
more moisture are absorbed & the greater the
antistatic effects obtained.
 Additional difficulties in achieving the perfect balance
of the desire properties, the use of durable antistatic
finishes is limited

6. ANTISTATIC FINISH
 The group of mostly hydroscopic materials includes
surfactants, organic salts, glycols, polyethylene glycols,
and polyelectrolyte, quaternary ammonium salts with
fatty alkyl chain, polyethylene oxide compound & esters
of salts of alkyl phosphorous acids.
 Esters of phosphoric acid form the largest group of non-
durable antistatic.
 Quaternary ammonium are next larger group of non-
durable antistatic. The most widely used are
ditallodimethylammonim chloride & dehydrogenated
tallowdimethylammonim chloride.
 The last group of non-durable antistatic is composed of
non-ionic compounds such as ethylated fatty esters,
alcohol and alkyl amines.

7. Mechanism of Antistatic Finish
 Antistatic property can be brought out:
 By reducing the charge
 By increasing the surface conduction power
 By making the fibre hydrophilic
 Most of the antistatic finishes are based on first
mechanism e.g. By reducing the charge & By increasing
the surface conduction power
 Silicon emulsions, PE emulsions, PE Crysals, poly
ammonium, quaternary salts, acrylic polymers can be
used for this purpose
 In facts the silicone emulsion when used, produce
antistatic property by reducing the friction between the
fibres with added advantages of soil released
property, softness & suppleness etc.

8. PERFORMANCE FINISHES
Antistatic, prevent garments from cling to
the wearer.
Crease/wrinkles resistant are treated with
resins to help the fabric resist wrinkles.
Durable /permanent press “heat set”
fabrics or garments without using resins.
Continue…
.

9. Flame resistant cuts off the oxygen
supply or charges the chemical make up
fibres as a fabric burns. This causes the
flame to extinguish itself.
Mildew resistant has a metallic
chemical applied to the fabric to prevent
mildew from foaming.
Mercerization is chemically treated
fabric to improve luster, strength &
absorbency

10. USES
Carpets of computer room
Upholstery fabrics and airbags for
automobiles
Filtration fabrics
Parachutes
Fabrics for hospital operating rooms
Protective clothes for work with
flammable gas, liquids and powered
solids.

12. FLAME RETARDANT
The term flame retardants subsumes a diverse
group of chemicals which are added to
manufactured material, such as plastics and
textile, and surfaces finishes and coatings. Flame
retardants inhibit or delay the spread of fire by
suppressing the chemical reactions in the flame
or by the formation of a protective layer on the
surface of a material. They may mix with base
material (additive flame retardant) or chemically
bonded to it (reactive flame retardants). Mineral
flame retardants are typically additive while
organ halogen and organophosphorus
compounds can be either reactive or additive.

14. FLAME RESISTANT FINISHES
Finishes that reduce the flaming, charring, or
afterglow of fibre and fabrics and important
for safety. Most fabric finishes with flame
retardants will still burn in the direct path of
flame; however they self-extinguish when
the source of flame is removed. A truly fire
proof fabric will not burn even in the path of
direct flame but actually only asbestos and
glass fibre have this property.
Continue…

15. There have been several recorded incidents
of serious damage and death as a result of
flash burns from brushed cellulosic fibre
fabrics, such as rayon negligees or sweaters,
ignited by cigarette ashes.
 Flame resistant finishes are of 2 types:
The first is the most important and comprises
those finishes considered to be durable.
The flame retardant is not durable. These
finishes are removed by normal care
procedures.

16. MOTH PROOFING FINISH
 WOOL and SILK are especially susceptible to damage
by moth and carpet beetles.
 The protein keratin in WOOL and other hair fibres is
to be what the moths prefer.
 Carpet beetles will eat either the keratin in WOOL or
the protein fibroin in SILK.
 Some other fibre may be damaged bg moths and
carpet beetles.
 Damage may be caused by any 1 of a group of
moths that are known to damage protein fibre.
 The larva of the moth is the culprit. The eating period
the larva increase their weight approximately 300
times.

18. PROCESS
By exposing the material to sunlight or sulphur-
di-oxide
Using Naphthalene balls and para dichloro
benzene.
Using some substance containing flourine such as
sodium fluoride aluminium fluoride and sodium
antinomy fluoride.
using soluble solvents such as dichloro beneze
sulphomethylamid and dichloro Trichloro ethane.
Evlan-BL-and mittin FF also produce moth
proofing.there are bit mothicides

19. USES
In addition to repelling or killing insects such as
moths and silverfish mothballs have been
suggested as a repellent to keep away
mice,snakes or other pests and for areas a
storepipe cleaner.
Older formula mothballs have also been used
by drag recers to enhance the octane lating of
fuel by dissolving the mothballs in some of
the fuel and filtering out the remains with a
filter paper.

20. STAIN- AND SOIL- RESISTANCE FINISHES
These finishes reduce the rate of soil
deposition fabrics and help prevent spot
staining.

21. PREVENT SPOT STAINING
 Increase the surface tension so that
1. liquid stains bead up and roll off or
2. make it easy to absorb the spot with tissue
or a sponge.
 Important to remove any stain as quickly as
possible to prevent it from being set into the
fabric.
 Remove any stain as quickly as possible to
prevent it from being set into the fabric
 Once soil or stains have become embedded
into the fabric they are nearly impossible to
remove.

23. SOIL –RELEASE FINISHES.
The difficulty of removing of soil has
increased to alleviate the problem,
manufacturers have incorporated soil-
release finishes with durable- press finish.
 These finishes operate on one of two
principles: They provide a hydrophilic
surface that attracts the water and
permits it to lift off soil, or they coat the
fibers so that the soil does not penetrate.

25. Provide benefits, such as preventing
soil re-deposition during care,
introducing antistatic qualities, and
improving the softness and hand of
fabrics.
Soil- release finish should make it
possible for the consumer to remove all
types of soil by home laundering with
common detergents, including removal
of both oil- and water borne stains.

26. Finish should not affect dyes and result in
colour change during use and care.
Read labels carefully to determine if a soil-
release finish might be present.

27. WATER REPELLENT AND
WATER PROOFING FINISH
INTRODUCTION
Dyeing and printing is not the ultimate steps
Something is required to make the fabric more
suitable for end-use
Quality of the fabric in terms of appearance,
handle, functionally enhanced by some physical
means or by chemicals
Therefore, ultimate value addition is done to the
fabric by finishing
Certain end use of textiles such as umbrella cloth,
swim suit, sportswear, rain coat, tarpaulin etc.
need water repellency or water proofing.

28. Water repellent is a coating added to fabrics at
the factory to make them water resistant (or
hydrophobic).
Water repellent finish is different from water
proof finishes.
What is Water Repellent?

29. APPLICATIONS
TEXTILE MATERIAL:
 Raincoats
 Umbrellas
 Tarpaulins
 Swimming suits
 Diver suits etc.
WETER REPELLENT JACKET

30. Diver Suit
Tarpaulins
Water Repellent

31.  When a uniform coating of suitable substances such as rubber is
produced on the surface of the fabric, the inter stitches between the
warp and weft yarns are blocked by the continuous film of that
substances and water will not pass through the. fabric. This
phenomena is known as water repellent or water proof finishes.
 However, the rubber treated fabric becomes impermeable to air as
well as moisture, when a treated fabric is impermeable to water
and air then this type of finishes is called water proof finish.
 When the protection from water is desired as in apparel purpose,
the treated fabric should be permeable to air but not in water. This
type of finish is called water repellent finish.

32. WHAT IS FINISHING?
Finishing is a final process given to a textile
material to
 Give a good appearance
Desirable feel
Impart certain durable properties
Stiffness
Softness
Wash and wear finish
Water repelling finish
To impart some desired functional properties.

33.  Mechanisms of repellency
 Repellent finishes achieve their properties by
reducing the
 free energy at fiber surfaces.
 If the adhesive interactions between a fiber
and a drop of liquid placed on the fiber are
 greater than the internal cohesive
interactions within the liquid, the
drop will spread.
 If the adhesive interactions between the
fiber and the liquid are
 less than the internal cohesive
interactions within the liquid, the
drop will not spread.

34. MECHANISMS OF REPELLENCY

35. WATER REPELLENT FINISHWATER
PROOF FINISH
WATER REPELLENT FINISH
 Water repellent are chemical finish.
 Resist the penetration of water into or through the
fabric.
 Permits the passage of moisture or air through the
fabric.
METHODS
 The yarns are coated with water repellent material
like wax.
 The water repellent do not permit the water drop to
spread and penetrate.
 Could be of durable and non-durable types.

36.  A water-proof fabric, unlike a water
repellent fabric, is completely moisture
proofed.
 The fabric is coated or laminated with a film
of natural or synthetic rubber or plastic,
such as vinyl or polyurethane .
 Water proof fabrics are not necessarily
more desirable than water-repellent fabrics.
 Water proof fabrics are uncomfortable .
 Water proof fabric possesses a rather firm,
non-capable hand.
WATER PROOF FINISH

37. PRINCIPLES OF WATER
REPELLENT
Water repellent fabric is coated with a
finish that is resistant but not impervious
to penetration by water.
In this finish, there are some micro hole,
which is smaller than water, but bigger
than vapors. So water can not passed
by this fabric, but vapor can pass.

38. WHICH FIBER ARE USED FOR
WATER REPELLENT ???????
Synthetic fiber are used.
 5%-10% natural fiber are used.
(Hydrophobic fiber are used)

41. ELASTOMERIC FIBRES
INTRODUCTION
Polymer with property of elasticity.
Extremely high elongations.
Recovers fully and rapidly.
Various elastomeric fibers are rubber
(natural and synthetic), spandex,
anidex and the side-by-side bi-
constituent of nylon and spandex
(Monvelle)

42. RUBBER
Thick, gummy liquid obtained
from tress of Heavea species.
Charles Goodyear discovered
vulcanization process.
Growth of synthetic rubber
after World War II

43. PROPERTIES
Inherently hard
High tensile strength
Very high elongation (up to 7 times)
High resiliency
Flexible
Continue…

44. PROPERTIES
Impermeable to water and air
Resistant to electricity
Water repellant
Resistant to alkalis and weak acids
Continue…

45. PROPERTIES
Certain properties however can cause
problems.
Deterioration by sunlight and smog
Loss of strength and elasticity through aging.
Damage from body oils and other solvents
while cleaning.
Temperature sensitivity.

46. USES
 Uncured rubber for cements, adhesive,
insulating tapes
 Vehicle tires, Conveyer belts, piping,
rollers for printing presses etc.
 Air hoses, balloons, balls and cushions
Continue…

47. USES
Rainwear, diving gear, chemical and
medical tubing, lining for storage tanks
Protective gloves, shoes and blankets
Indian rubber balls
Latex products such as surgeon’s
gloves, condoms etc.

49. SPANDEX
Anagram of the word ‘expands’.
Stretchable segments of polyurethane
DuPont Company created spandex under the
trademark ‘lycra’ in 1959.
Stretches about 5-7 times and returns
immediately to the relaxed state.

50. PROPERTIES
High strength
High elasticity
Highly flexible and resilient
Good draping quality
continue…

51. PROPERTIES
Not a good conductor of heat
Low absorbency
Unaffected by seawater
Doesn’t shrink easily
Continue…

52. PROPERTIES
Excessive exposure to heat causes damage.
No serious damage due to light
Excellent resistance to mildew and insects
Gradually gets affected by alkalis.
Discoloration occurs upon reaction with acids
High resistance to body oils, lotions etc.

53. USES
Athletic, aerobic and exercise apparel
Belts, bra straps and side panels,
Swimwear, wetsuits, bathing suits
Cycling jerseys and shorts
Gloves, ski pants, socks,
Leggings, jeggings, skinny jeans, slacks
Hosiery
Home furnishings

55. NOMEX
The invention of nomex goes to Dr.
Wilfred Sweeny(1926-2011). A Scottish
born scientist. Working at world
famous DuPont laboratory. nomex
was introduced in 1967.
Best used as barrier to fire and
heat.
It is strong having high elongation
and good elastic recovery ,low
moisture regain

56. NOMEX FIRE SUITS ,MOTOR INSULATIONS

57. NOMEX PRODUCTS

58. KEVLAR
Kevlar was developed by
Stephanie kwolek at DuPont in 1965.
this high strength material was first
commercially used in the early
1970s.
It is used in variety of specialized
applications
It is an organic fiber.
Care of Kevlar is similar to nomex
and nylon

59. KEVLAR HOSES, CONVEY BELTS

60. KEVLAR BULLETPROOF VEST