Nanotechnology ppt presented for competition held at FAMT,Ratnagiri

1. FINOLEX ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT &
TECHNOLOGY
Presentation on-NANOTECHNOLOGY
Presented By
Vinayak Tamhankar
Pranav Teli

2. NANOTECHOLOGY

3. Topics of the day
• Introduction
• History
• Nano materials & its types
• Approaches used for synthesis
• Advantages & Limitations
• Applications
• Conclusion

4. Introduction
• Nanotechnology
Art and science of manipulating atoms and molecules to
create new systems, materials, and devices.
• It refers to the constructing and engineering of functional systems
at atomic level
• A Nanometer is one billionth of a meter, roughly width of 3-4
atoms

5. For comparison purposes,
• The width of an average hair is
100,000 nanometers.
• Human blood cells are 2,000
to 5,000nm long,
• A strand of DNA has a
diameter of 2.5 nm,
• And a line of ten hydrogen
atoms is one sq. nm

6. History
• The term Nano originated from the Greek nanos which
means ‘dwarf’.
• The term ‘Nanotechnology’ had been coined by
Norio Taniguchi in 1974
• The concept was presented in 1959 by scientist
Dr.Richard Feynman

7. Need for Nanotechnology
Allows the placement of small structures placed with
precision, simplicity and low cost
Leads to economic growth
Enhances national security
Leads to job creation

8. Synthesis Approaches
1. Bottom up:
In the bottom-up approach,
molecular components arrange
themselves into more complex
assemblies atom-by-atom, molecule-
by-molecule, cluster-by cluster from
the bottom (e.g., growth of a crystal).

9. 2.Top Down:
In the top-down approach, Nano scale
devices are created by using larger, externally-
controlled devices to direct their assembly. The
top-down approach often uses the traditional
workshop or micro fabrication methods in which
externally-controlled tools are used to cut, mill
and shape materials into the desired shape and
order.
Attrition and milling for making
nanoparticles are typical top-down processes.

10. What are nanomaterials
• Nanoparicles and nanostructured materials
• Grain size of order of nanometers
• Extremely large specific surface area
• Fascinating and useful properties
• Stronger and more ductile
• Chemically very active material

11. Structures of Nanomaterials
Zero dimensional-quantum dots
One dimensional-whiskers, fibers (or fibrils), nanowires
and nanorods
Two dimensional-superlattices and heterostructures
Three dimensional-Colloids bearing complex shapes

12. Benefits of nanomaterials
• High strength,toughness and ductility
• Reduced thermal conductivity
• Superior formability andpotential superplasticity
• Reduced energy costs
• Good chemical,mechanical and physical properties due to
extremely fine grain structure

13. Carbon Nanotubes
• Allotropes of carbon with a
cylindrical nanostructure
• Length to diameter ratio
132000000:1
• Member of fullerene structural
family with long and hollow
structure

14. Properties
• Highest strength to weight ratio
• Easily penetrates into anything
• Variable electrical resistance
useful for sensors
Applications
• In solar cells
• In fabrics
• In electric cables and wires
• As transistors due to small and
less emission of heat

15. Nanobots
• Close to scale of nm
• Largely in R & D phase
• Capable of counting specific
molecules in a chemical
sample
• Capable of replication using
environmental resources
• Applications
• Detection of toxic components
in environment
• In drug delivery
• Biomedical instrumentation

16. Nanorods
• Morphology of nanoscale
object
• 1-100 nm
• Synthesized from
semiconductors and metals
Applications
• Microelectromechanocal
system
• Cancer therapies
• Display technologies

17. Advantages
• Less pollution
• Low production cost
• Mass production in food & consumables
• War
• electricity

18. Limitations
• Health & safety issues:
Untraceable destructive weapons of mass distruction
It can cause serious illness to human body
• Environmental issues
Toxic wastes from nanomaterial manufacturing
Enhances global warming in long run