1. MEMRISTORS Presentation by; PrateekMangal PratishthaShira Ram Praveen Solanki RaghavendraSankhediya RamkrishnaYadav "NOW ALL THE EE TEXTBOOKS NEED TO BE CHANGED"-IEEE Kirchoff Award winner Leon Chua on the discovery of the memresistor.
2. Think… Is there any equation to relate flux and charge? What if we could create a processor with a basic building block which acts as infinite non-volatile memory, logic circuit and switching circuit all at the same time? What if you could suddenly shut down your computer and then restart it , to find all your files and settings just like they were before?
3. Did you know? After Resistors Capacitors and Inductors A fourth basic passive element has been developed… The MEMRISTOR (All our textbooks will have to be re-written now)
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6. The ‘missing circuit element’.. Current Charge q I dq = Idt Voltage V dV = R dI dq = CdV dФ=LdI dФ= Vdt dФ=M dq Ф Magnetic flux
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8. Theory The memristor is essentially a two-terminal variable resistor, with resistance dependent upon the amount of charge q that has passed between the terminals. V = I.M(q) Essentially, a constant value of M(q)=R . M = dΦm / dq
9. Theory (Contd.) As seen previously, V(t) = M(q(T)).I(t) And as M(q) = dФ dq Hence, M(q(t)) = dФ/dt = V(t) dq/dt I(t) Similarly, it can be derived that Power P(t) = I(t)V(t) = {I(t)}²M(q(t))
10. Working Like silicon, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is a semiconductor, and in its pure state it is highly resistive. However, it can be doped with other elements to make it very conductive. In TiO 2 , the dopants don't stay stationary in a high electric field; they tend to drift in the direction of the current.
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12. Working Putting a bias voltage across a thin film of TiO 2 semiconductor that has dopants only on one side causes them to move into the pure TiO 2 on the other side. And thus lowers the resistance. Running current in the other direction will then push the dopants back into place, increasing the TiO 2 's resistance.
13. Applications Non-volatile memory Low-power and remote sensing Crossbar Latches as Transistor Replacements Analog computation Circuits which mimic Neuromorphic and biological systems (Learning Circuits) Programmable Logic and Signal Processing
14. Non-volatile memory Memristors can retain memory states, and data, in power-off modes. Industry analysts state there is industry concurrence that these flash memory or solid state drives (ssd) competitors could start showing up in the consumer market within 2 years.
15. Low-power and remote sensing Memristors can possibly allow for nano-scale low power memory and distributed state storage. These are currently all hypothetical in terms of time to market.
16. Crossbar Latches as Transistor Replacements Solid-state memristors can be combined into devices called crossbar latches, which could replace transistors in future computers, taking up a much smaller area. This will break the barrier to miniaturization of both the microprocessor and controller .
17. Circuits which mimic Neuromorphic and biological systems (Learning Circuits) Simple electronic circuits based on an LC network and memristors have been used recently to model experiments on adaptive behavior of unicellular organisms. The experiments show that the electronic circuit, subjected to a train of periodic pulses, learns and anticipates the next pulse to come. These types of learning circuits find applications in pattern recognition & Neural Networks.
18. Analog computation There still exist some very important areas of engineering and modeling problems which require extremely complex and difficult workarounds to synthesize digitally: in part, because they map economically onto analog models. Analog required management for scalability beyond what even the extremely complex initial digital vaccum tube computers could provide. Memristor applications will now allow us to revisit a lot of the analog science that was abandoned in the mid 1960’s.
19. Programmable Logic and Signal Processing The memristive applications in these areas will remain relatively the same, because it will only be a change in the underlying physical architecture, allowing their capabilities to expand, however, to the point where their applications will be unrecognizable as related.
20. Logical Operations Memristors can perform "universal boolean logic" without having a NOT/NAND/NOR , etc. “Material implication" along with FALSE forms a complete basis for universal computing. Memristors naturally implement "material implication“.
21. The memristor can: - store data like DRAM or Flash but it doesn’t require any energy to maintain the data storage. - the memristor chips can be laid down in layer upon layer upon layer, creating three-dimensional structures that can store and process data. - the memristor is easy to make and completely compatible with today’s CMOS chip making processes. - it can be scaled to very small geometries without losing its properties. - the memristor can also perform logic, it can act as a microprocessor!
22. Summing it up.. The memristor will change circuit design in the 21st century as radically as the transistor changed it in the 20th.
23. Bibliography http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2008/apr-jun/memristor.html IEEE Spectrum, May 2008 issue, News: “The Mysterious Memristor” IEEE Spectrum, December 2008 issue, Cover Story: “How We Found the Missing Memristor” http://www.memristor.org/memory-resistor/electronics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memristor http://www.siliconvalleywatcher.com/mt/archives/2010/04/the_miraculous.php http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKGhvKyjgLY
