Ch. 8 Political Geography

1. Chapter 8 Political
Geography
by: Camila Galindo, Grace Lu, Pratheek
Sharyala, and Janice Yoo

2. Compact States
The center is almost equidistant from all the
different boundaries of the state.
EX. Kenya.
Poland

3. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: The communication is a lot more
efficient.
Disadvantages: However it does not does not
affect the peacefulness of the state, especially
if the state contains various ethnic groups.
Depending on the location it's easy to invade.

4. Fragmented States
A state that is broken up into multiple pieces
that have been separated into multiple parts
ex: Indonesia
ex: The Philippines

5. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Fragmented states are harder to
attack, because there is a greater likelihood of
finding resources
Disadvantages: Communication will suffer, and
maintaining peace is difficult.

6. Elongated States
States that are significantly longer than they are
wide
ex: Chile
ex: Vietnam

7. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Depending on where the state is
located, having an elongated shape can give it
more access to resources (such as a coastline)
For example, the elongated shape of Chile has
helped the state prosper and has transformed
the state into a fishing port.
Disadvantages: Most elongated shaped states
suffer from poor communication within their
boundaries, because areas around the ends of
the state are relatively isolated from the capital.

8. Prorputed States
A compact state that contains a large projecting
extension.
For ex: Zambia
Afghanistan

9. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Prorupted States have more
access to resources, depending on where they
are located.
Disadvantages: Due to their elongated shape,
these states may have poor communication
within their borders.

10. Perforated States
A state that completely surrounds another one.
For ex: South Africa
Italy

11. Advantages and Disadvantages
The smaller country depends on the perforated
state for good importation and exportation.
Therefore it is important for the two countries to
maintain a good relationship.

12. Desert boundaries
boundaries between states that lie in a desert
ex: The Sahara
ex: The Atacama Desert

13. Mountain Boundaries
Mountains that separate multiple states
ex: the Andes
ex: the Himalayas

14. Water Boundaries
Bodies of Water that separate multiple states
ex: the Rio Grande
ex: the Great Lakes

15. Geometric Boundaries
A invisible "drawn" officially without the
guidance of a physical boundary or landform
that can be seen.
ex- Boundary between US and Canada
ex- Boundary of Washington State

16. Religious Boundaries
The boundaries between states that match with
different religions
ex: India and Pakistan:
ex: Israel and Jordan

17. Language Boundaries
Boundaries between states with different
laguages
ex: Spain and Portugal
ex: Spain and France

18. Is The UN Living Up to its Founding
Purposes?
The UN has been living up to its founding principles.
They have been attempting to prevent violence between
North Korea and the United States "The UN resolution
pledged "significant action" if North Korea carried out a
third nuclear test." (CNN). Likewise, it has also attempted
to end violence between factions in Egypt. "UN rights chief
urges all parties in Egypt to engage in dialogue and end
use of force" (UN). It has shown its will to advance peace,
and help the lives of people. And given that those were its
initial goals, it would appear that the UN is living up to its
expectations.
"North Korea Warning Follows Nuclear Threat." BBC News. BBC, 27 Jan. 2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
"UN Rights Chief Urges All Parties in Egypt to Engage in Dialogue and End Use of Force."UN News Center. UN, 29 Jan. 2013.

19. OSCE (Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe) Camila
The OSCE is the world's largest security-
oriented intergovernmental organization. It's
mandate includes arms control, human rights,
and freedom of the press. It's 57 states are
located in Europe, the former Soviet Union,
Asia and North America.(Most of the northern
hemisphere) It was created during the cold war
era as an East-West forum.

20. OAS (Organization of American
States) Grace
The OAS is the world's first Regional
Organization. It is made up of all of the 35
states in the Western Hemisphere, with
headquarters in Washington, D.C.
This organization is based on the beliefs of
democracy, human rights, security, and
development and works to promote good
relationships among its members.

21. EU (European Union) Janice
The EU is Western Europe's most important
economic organization. It is made up of 15
states in Western Europe, including Austria,
Finland, Sweden, and Greece.
This organization works to promote
development within the member states through
economic cooperation. It has taken on more
importance because more and more member
states seek greater political and economic
cooperation.

22. Commonwealth
The Commonwealth is a group of the former
British empire states, Mozambique, and
Rwanda. It a group of countries that have
somewhat created a family even after
independence from "Great Britain". One
example of a Commonwealth event is the
Commonwealth Games, which is a series of
athletic competitions between the
Commonwealth countries meant to foster
positive, peaceful, relations between the
member states.