2. INTRODUCTION
The frame is that portion of the spectacles
that holds the lenses containing the
ophthalmic prescription in their proper
position in front of the eyes.
3. A frame generally consists of the
front, which contains the lenses,
temples, which attach to the front and hook over the
ears to help hold the spectacles in place.
4.
5. Frame Fronts
That area of the frame front between the lenses that rests on the
nose is the bridge.
The rim going around the lenses is known as the eyewire or rim.
The outer areas of the frame front, to the extreme left and right
where the temples attach, are known as the endpieces .
Lugs: They are projection on the sides to which the side piece are
attached
6. Hinges
The hinges hold the temples to the front, and consist of
an odd number of interfitting barrels, the total
number being three, five, or seven
7. Nose pads
Some frames have nose pads, which are plastic pieces that rest on
the nose to support the frame. These may be directly attached to the
frame or to connecting metalpieces known as guard arms or pad
arms
8. Temples
The portion of the temple that is nearest its
attachment to the front is known as the butt
portion or butt end.
The place on the temple where it first bends down
to go over the ear is called the bend.
The portion of the temple between the butt end
and the bend is called the shank or shaft
and that portion beyond the bend and behind the
ear is referred to as the earpiece, bent-down
portion, or curl
10. Frames without an eyewire going completely around the lens are called mountings.
Lenses are “inserted” into frames, but “mounted”into mountings
Plastic
Plastic frames are made of some type of plastic material.Plastic frames were
occasionally referred to as shell frames, dating back to the time when eyeglass frames
were made of tortoise shell
Metal
Metal frames are those made of all metal parts, except for the nose pads and the posterior
temple sections, which are plastic covered. The eyewire runs completely around the lens.
11. Nylon cord frames
Nylon cord frames, sometimes called
string mounted frames or nylon
supras hold the lenses in place by
means of a nylon cord that fits
around the edge of the lens. This gives
the glasses the appearance of being
rimless. Usually the top of the lens is
fitted into the upper rim of the frames.
The rest of the lens has a small groove
cut into an otherwise flat edge
12. Combination frames
Combination frames are commonly frames having a metal
chassis and plastic top rims and temples . The chassis
includes the eyewire and center or bridge section
13. Half-eye
Half-eyes are frames made
especially for those who need a
reading correction but no
correction for distance. They are
constructed to sit lower on the nose
than normal,
and are only half as high as
normal glasses. This allows the
wearer to look over the top of the
glasses. They may be of plastic,
metal, or even nylon cord
construction
14. Rimless mountings
Rimless mountings hold the
lenses in place by some method
other than eyewires or nylon
cords. Often screws are used, but
cement, clamps, and plastic posts
have been used. Most rimless
mountings have two areas of
attachment per lens, one nasally
and one temporally Rimless
mountings are sometimes
referred to as 3-piece mountings
15. Semi rimless
mountings
Semi rimless mountings are
similar to the rimless except for a
metal reinforcing arm, which
follows the upper posterior surface of
the lens and joins the centerpiece of
the frame to the endpiece. The
centerpiece of a mounting consists
of bridge, pad arms, and pads
16. Numont
mountings
Numont mountings hold the
lenses in place only at their nasal
edge. They are seldom seen today.
The lenses are attached at the
bridge area and the temples are
attached to a metal arm that
extends along the posteriorsurface
temporally. Thus there is only one
point of attachment per lens .
Currently most dispensers refer to
any of these three variations of a
rimless mounting as “rimless.”
They do not differentiate between
the three
17. Balgrip mountings
Balgrip mountings secure the lens in
place with clips attached to a bar of tensile
steel that fits into a nasal and a temporal
notch on each side of the lens Notches are
now more often used in combination with
drilled holes in rimless mountings to lend
stability to the mounting
18. Bridges types
Bridge Area:The bridge area of a frame can be constructed of either plastic or metal.
Plastic Bridges
The bridge area of a plastic frame is preformed and sits directly on the bridge of
the nose Bridge adjustments for certain plastics, such as nylon, carbon fi ber and
polyamide, are not possible
Saddle
Modified saddle
Key hole
19. saddle bridge
The saddle bridge closely follows the
contour of the nose, evenly
spreading the weight of the frame
The saddle bridge is shaped like a
saddle in a smooth curve and follows
the bridge of the nose . This spreads
the weight of the frame evenly over
the sides and crest of the nose
20. Modified saddle
The modified saddle bridge has
fixed nose pads attached at the
back to increase the weight-
bearing area of the frame
In the modified saddle, the
bridge area looks much the same
as the saddle bridge does when
viewed from the front. The
difference is that there are nose
pads that are part of the back of
the bridge. These pads help to
carry some of the weight of the
frame .
21. Keyhole bridge
The keyhole bridge is shaped like an old-
fashioned keyhole. At the top, the bridge
flares out slightly. The bridge rests on the
sides of the nose, but not on the crest
Besides having an identifying shape, the
keyhole bridge supports the frame weight
upon pads
22. Metal Bridges
The bridge commonly used in metal
frames is the pad bridge . In the pad
bridge, nose pads are attached to the
frame by metal pad arms.
In this case, the pads alone support the
weight of the glasses. When a metal
frame is equipped with a clear plastic
saddle-type bridge, the bridge type is
referred to as a comfort bridge
23. Metal and rimless frames were, and sometimes still are,
constructed with a metal saddle bridge(W bridge)
24. Endpiece
Construction
Endpiece construction, like the bridge
area construction, can be of either
plastic or metal.
Plastic Endpieces Construction
There are three general types of
endpiece construction in plastic
frames
The most common endpiece
construction is the butt type(type 1)
in which the front is straight and the
temple butt is flat, and both meet at a
90-degree angle.
25. Type 2:The mitre endpiece causes the frame
front contact area and temple butt to meet
at a 45-degree angle
Type 3:In the turn-back type, the frame
front bends around and meets the temple
end to end.
26. Metal Endpiece
Construction
The traditional metal endpiece has a
construction similar to the turn-back
endpiece of the plastic frame Instead
of an endpiece, some frame fronts
and temples are made as one
continuous piece
27. Temple Construction
Temples also vary greatly in their
construction. In general, there are
five major categories
Type 1:Skull temples bend down
behind the ear and follow the contour
of the skull, resting evenly against
it. The bent-down portion is narrower
at the top of the ear and widens
toward the end
28. 2.Library temples usually begin with an average
width at the butt and increase in width
posteriorly. They are practically straight and
hold the glasses on primarily by pressure
against the side of the head. They are also known
as straight-back temples.
3. Convertible temples were originally designed
so they could be bent down to take on the form of
skull temples, and “converted” from the straight-
back to the skull design. Because this temple is
versatile and can be made to fit people with a
variety of temple length requirements, it is
commonly used.
29. 4. Riding bow temples curve around the ear,
following the crotch of the ear where the ear and
the head meet and extend to the level of the
earlobe. They are sometimes used in children’s
and safety frames
5. Comfort cable temples are shaped the same as
riding bow temples, but are of metal construction
with the curl, or behind the ear portion,
constructed from a flexible coiled cable
