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THE  FIRST AMENDMENT
 
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 1791
What Does the First Amendment Protect? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Origins of the First Amendment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stamp Act 1712
Prosecutions for seditious libel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Punishment was not pleasant . . . ,[object Object]
Protests Against Government Licensing ,[object Object]
Areopagitica For the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Give me liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.
The Power of Truth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meanwhile in America . . .  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zenger trial
John Peter Zenger ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
One objectionable passage . . . ,[object Object]
Zenger trial . . . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object]
First Amendment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Original Amendments Proposed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interpreting the  First Amendment . . . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why freedom of speech . . . ,[object Object],[object Object]
Social Reasons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Individualistic Reasons ,[object Object],[object Object]
Nature of First Amendment protection . . .  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Extension of First Amendment. ,[object Object],[object Object],14th Amendment page 1 14th Amendment page 2
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. 1868
For present purposes we may and do assume that freedom of speech and of the press--which are protected by the 1st Amendment from abridgment by Congress--are among the fundamental personal rights and "liberties" protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states. Gitlow v. New York 268 U.S. 652, 666 (1925)
Defining the First Amendment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to Analyze a First Amendment Case ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unprotected Speech ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unprotected Speech ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Commercial, Broadcast, Symbolic Speech  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Commercial, Broadcast & Symbolic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Political Speech ,[object Object]
Political Speech ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Applications
Megahuge Company allows employees to use the company’s  e-mail system to announce opportunities for volunteer service projects, except for political parties or causes.  If you work for Megahuge, are your First Amendment rights being violated?
Erie (PA) statute makes it a misdemeanor to appear in public  place “in a state of nudity” ,[object Object],[object Object]
The FCC restricts the maximum time that broadcasters may allocate to commercials during programming directed primarily to children on both commercial and cable television.
First Amendment Issue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Time, Place, Manner Regulations ,[object Object]
Time, Place, Manner Regulations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Public Forum ,[object Object],[object Object]
Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Freedom of the Press
Gathering the News ,[object Object]
Prior Restraints Prohibited ,[object Object]
 
What About “Dangerous Speech”?
[object Object],[object Object]
Schenck v. United States
The Facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Holding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Another  Espionage Act  case . . . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More recently . . .  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Village of Skokie v. National Socialist Party ,[object Object],[object Object]
The First Amendment Part III
Quiz 1 Stars! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Current Standard ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Speech that Threatens National Security ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New York Times v. United States
 
 
United States v. The Progressive
Speech & Personal Injury ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What about negligent speech?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
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Are we certain we know what speech is? ,[object Object]
 
[object Object]

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The First Amendment

  • 1. THE FIRST AMENDMENT
  • 2.  
  • 3. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 1791
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 7.
  • 8.  
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Give me liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 16.
  • 17.  
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.  
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. 1868
  • 31. For present purposes we may and do assume that freedom of speech and of the press--which are protected by the 1st Amendment from abridgment by Congress--are among the fundamental personal rights and "liberties" protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states. Gitlow v. New York 268 U.S. 652, 666 (1925)
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 42. Megahuge Company allows employees to use the company’s e-mail system to announce opportunities for volunteer service projects, except for political parties or causes. If you work for Megahuge, are your First Amendment rights being violated?
  • 43.
  • 44. The FCC restricts the maximum time that broadcasters may allocate to commercials during programming directed primarily to children on both commercial and cable television.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. Freedom of the Press
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.  
  • 55.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.  
  • 67.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72. New York Times v. United States
  • 73.  
  • 74.  
  • 75. United States v. The Progressive
  • 76.
  • 78.
  • 79.  
  • 80.
  • 81.
  • 82.  
  • 83.

Editor's Notes

  1. http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/Zenger_order.htm
  2. http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/priorrestraints.htm
  3. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/16.jpg
  4. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon2/tables.jpg
  5. http://progressive.org/mag_issuecoversarchives