1. SEMINAR FIQH PERUBATAN
"ADANYA PERUBATAN DALAM ISLAM DAN ADANYA ISLAM DALAM PERUBATAN".
ASAS –ASAS FIQH PERUBATAN
Dr Noor Azizah Tahir
18-19 Mei, 2013
Pelajar2 Malaysia,
UNHAS, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
2. ASAS –ASAS FIQH PERUBATAN
Pengenalan
Objektif
Beberapa Definasi: Istilah
12. ASAS –ASAS FIQH PERUBATAN
Pengenalan
Objektif
Beberapa Definasi: Istilah
13. OBJECTIVES :
By the end of the session, all participants
should be able to:
1) list the “hukum” based on JAKIM’s fatwa
of the common medical decisions
2) list the basis of how the hukum is
derived?
3) describe the meaning of common words
used in the bases
14.
15.
16. ASAS –ASAS FIQH PERUBATAN
Pengenalan
Objektif
Beberapa Definasi: Istilah
17. BEBERAPA DEFINASI: ISTILAH
(Usul Fiqh)- Belum Dijelaskn
Syariah?
Sumber2 Yang Disepakati?
Apa Hukum Nya?
18. ISTILAH2
(Usul Fiqh)- Belum Dijelaskn
Prinsipal?
Syariah?
Sumber2 Yang Disepakati?
Apa Hukum Nya?
19. OBJECTIVES :
By the end of the session, all participants
should be able to:
1) list the “hukum” based on JAKIM’s fatwa
of the common medical decisions
2) list the basis of how the hukum is
derived?
3) describe the meaning of common words
used in bases
20. APA HUKUMNYA?
1. Wajib ( Obligatory)
2. Mandub / Sunat ( Volunteer)
3. Mubah/ Harus (Permissible)
4. Makruh ( Dislike)
5. Haram ( Forbidden)
24. ABORTION
Hukum asal syariah – haram
Kecuali***
0-40 hari Nuthfah *** makruh • Persetujuan suami isteri
• 2 doktor pakar yg adil
• Tidak mendtgkan bahaya
40-120 hari mudghah Makruh yang
amat dilarang
Membahaya nyawa si ibu###
> 120 hari makhluk jenayah • Menyelamatkan nyawa si
ibu dan tiada cara lain lagi
• Usul (kaedah fiqh) memilih
keburukan yang lebih
ringan bagi mengelakkan
keburukan yang lebih berat
27. OBJECTIVES :
By the end of the session, all participants
should be able to:
1) list the “hukum” based on JAKIM’s fatwa
of the common medical decisions
2) list the basis of how the hukum is
derived?
3) describe the meaning of common words
used in bases
28. ASAS –ASAS SYARIAH ISLAM
Definasi:
Syari’ah
Fiqh
Usul fiqh
Fiqh Perubatan
29.
30. ASAS –ASAS SYARIAH ISLAM
Definasi:
Syari’ah
Fiqh
Usul fiqh
Fiqh Perubatan
31. DEFINASI:
Syari’ah
Bahasa:
1) Sumber air yang mengalir dan tidak putus
('Ali Jarisyah, 1991)
2) Jalan yang lurus
(Al-Asymawi, 1996)
33. JALAN YANG LURUS
Pada kesudahannya Kami jadikan engkau
(wahai Muhammad s.a.w dan utuskan
engkau) menjalankan satu jalan yang cukup
lengkap dan hukum-hukum agama ; Maka
turutlah akan jalan itu dan jangan engkau
menurut hawa nafsu orang-orang yang tidak
mengetahui (perkara yang benar)
(al-Jathiah : 18)
34. SYARI’AH
Istilah
1) penetapan peraturan yang mana daripadanya dapat diketahui
hukum-hukum yang berbentuk praktikal orang mukallaf, apa
yang berkaitan dengan perintah serta kaitannya (Khallaf, 1968).
2) peraturan yang telah disyariatkan oleh Allah atau Dia telah
mensyariatkan dasar-dasarnya bersumber daripada al-Quran
dan hadith (Badran, 1972)
3) Perkara yang merangkumi hukum-hukum Allah terhadap
seluruh perbuatan manusia, sama ada berbentuk halal atau
haram, makhruh atau sunat. Ia disampaikan oleh rasul-Nya
yang terkandung di dalam al-Qur'an dan hadith serta dalil-dalil
pecahan daripadanya, seperti: al-Qiyas serta dalil lain (Al-
Qaradawi, 1997).
35. FIQH
Bahasa : utk memahami
Faqih : orang yang amat faham
Istilah: Pengetahuan mengenai undang2
syari’ah, berkaitan dengan pengetahuan
manusia dan berdasarkan sumber2 dan
dalil2 tertentu
36. FIQH PERUBATAN
Istilah: Pengetahuan mengenai undang2
syari’ah, berkaitan dengan hal2 perubatan
dan berdasarkan sumber2 dan dalil2 tertentu
37. …USUL FIQH VS FIQH
Sources
(Quran, Sunnah
etc.)
Usul Fiqh
(Method of
Derivation)
Fiqh
Rulings halal,
haram, makruh,
sunnah,
permissible
(Akhtarzaite
AbdulAziz,
2011)
38. FIQH PERUBATAN
Istilah: Pengetahuan mengenai undang2
syari’ah, berkaitan dengan hal2 perubatan
dan berdasarkan sumber2 dan dalil2 tertentu
43. ISTIHSAN ( DISCRETION)
The word istihsan literally means: to approve
or to deem something preferable, to consider
something as good.
Technically, Istihsan is a legal principle which
authorizes departure from an established
precedent in favour of a different ruling for a
reason stronger than the one which is
obtained in that precedent.
44. ….ISTIHSAN
Example:
looking at the private parts of people in
medical treatment.
The general rule is that it is unlawful to look
at private parts, but it is recommended to
avert harm.
46. ISTISHAB : SYAFIEYAH
Hadis riwayat Abbad Bin Tamim daripada bapa
saudaranya, Baginda Nabi Muhammad S.A.W
bersabda:
لا ينصرف حتى يسمع صوتا أو يجد ريحا
Maksudnya: Janganlah sekali-kali ia berhenti
(daripada sembahyang) sehinggalah ia
mendengar suara atau mencium bau.
(Hadith Riwayat Bukhari)
49. MASLAHAH MURSALAH
Means consideration of Public Interest
There is no specific evidence for the hukum
from quran sunnah or ijma’ but the ruling is
needed for public interest
Eg autopsy in criminal cases
51. SADD AL DHARIAH
Blocking the lawful means to an unlawful end
Closing down the means of evil in order to
prevent it. It signifies the prohibition of
something which is originally permissible,
because it could lead to an evil.
Eg to prevent the free selling of certain drugs
as it could lead to abuse
52. EG
Rampant prescription of OCPs for unmarried
couple
53. SUMBER ASAS (PRIMER) DALIL QAT’IE
1) AlQuran
2) Sunnah
3) Ijma’
4) Qiyas
54. OBJECTIVES :
By the end of the session, all participants
should be able to:
1) list the “hukum” based on JAKIM’s fatwa
of the common medical decisions
2) list the basis of how the hukum is
derived?
3) describe the meaning of common words
used in the bases
55. QIYAS ( ANALOGY)
Qiyas refers to “the assignment of the hukm of an existing
case found in the texts of the Quran, the Sunnah or ijma’ to
a new case whose hukm is not found in these sources on
the basis of a common underlying attribute called the ‘illah
of the hukm.”
56. OPERATION OF QIYAS
• Wine
Drinking
Asl
Hukum
• Haram
• Intoxication
Illah
New Case
• Drug Abuse
• Drug abuse
is also
haram
Equal Ruling
57. SUMBER ASAS (PRIMER) DALIL QAT’IE
1) AlQuran
2) Sunnah
3) Ijma’
4) Qiyas
58. IJMA’
Literally, ijma' means determination and resolution.
Technically, it means the consensus of the mujtahids
from the ummah of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)
after his death in a certain period of time upon a
practical legal ruling.
Ijma’ plays a crucial role in the development of fiqh.
Ijma’ also ensures the correct interpretation of the
Quran and Sunnah by consensus.
Once ijma’ is established, it becomes a binding rule
upon all the Muslims.
Eg: Ijma’ on the prohibition of Human Cloning
59. SUMBER ASAS (PRIMER) DALIL QAT’IE
1) AlQuran
2) Sunnah
3) Ijma’
4) Qiyas
60. SUNNAH
Sunnah refers to anything come from
the Prophet, his acts, saying, and tacit
approval which are applicable to be
used as evidences in legal
jurisprudence
Types:
Verbal Sunnah
Sunnah by acts
Tacit approval
Eg : The prophet said: “Seek
medication, but not with prohibited
materials”
61. SUMBER ASAS (PRIMER) DALIL QAT’IE
1) AlQuran
2) Sunnah
3) Ijma’
4) Qiyas
62. AL-QURAN
Primary source upon which all other sources founded
their authority.
Literally, the word Quran is derived from Arabic root word,
qara’a which means to read or to recite. Quran is a verbal
noun and hence, it means the reading or recitation.
Technically, Quran has been defined as the speech of
Allah, sent down upon the last Prophet Muhammad,
through in its precise meaning and precise wording,
transmitted to us by numerous persons (tawatur), both
verbally and in writing which is inimitable and unique in its
style, also being protected by God from any corruption.
63. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Gradual
Revelation
Definitive and
Speculative
Brief and
Detail
• Eg Prohibition of
Wine
• Eg 100 lashes for
adulterer
• Eg the word ‘quru’
• Eg sales and riba
• Eg women within
prohibited degree
66. EG – THE CASE OF SMOKING
Smoking-not mentioned in the Quran and
Sunnah
Could not be equated by way of Qiyas to wine,
because the illah is not present in smoking
(intoxication).
But by undertanding Maqasid, whereby
protection of life is one of its basic purpose,
smoking must be prohibited because it is
against the protection of life, it can destroy life.
69. ASAS –ASAS FIQH PERUBATAN
Pengenalan
Objektif
Beberapa Definasi: Istilah
70. OBJECTIVES :
By the end of the session, all participants
should be able to:
1) list the “hukum” based on JAKIM’s fatwa
of the common medical decisions
2) list the basis of how the hukum is
derived?
3) describe the meaning of common words
used in the bases
71. THE END
“ Tiada ilmu yang lebih mulia dari ilmu
mengenai yang dibenarkan dan yang
diharamkan (fiqh) , perubatan (kedoktoran)
adalah yang kedua selepas itu”
(Ash-syafie: Dhahabi, At-Tibb An-Nawawi,
1986:219 and 228)
72. RUJUKAN
Ahmad Abdel Aziz Yacoub. 2001. The Fiqh Of Medicine.
London: Taha
Al-asymawi, Muhammad Sa'id. 1996. Al-syari'ah Al-islamiyyah
Wa Al-qanun Al-misri. Mesir : Maktabah
Madbuli Al-saghir.
Ali Jarisyah. 1991. Al-msyru'iyyah Al-islamiyyah A-'ulya.
Cetakan Ke 4. Mesir : Dar Al-wafa'.
Al-qardawi, Yusuf. 1397h. Shari'ah Al-lslamiyyah. Bayrut
: Al-maktabah Al-islam.
Dr Akhtarzaite Abdul Aziz, 2011, Sources Of Islamic
Jurisprudence The Basis Of Medical Fiqh , ppt
E-fatwa.Gov.My‘
