2. What is Depression ???
Serious disorder of mood, ranges from mild to
very serious condition
Most serious mental problem which people facing
today
Most common Psychological Disorder
Some people referred depression as “Common
Cold” of mental illness
Can affect people of all ages,religion and race
Twice common in female as compared to male
Risk of suicide is high
3. Type of Depression
Depression are of Following types :
a. Uni-polar - Mind of subject swing in some
direction
b. Bi-polar - Depression associated with
mania some times called as
manic depression
c. Endogenous – Depression due to shock or
stressful life events
4. Causes
Following are the main causes :
Family History
Positive and negative events
Certain medication
Use of alcohol
Imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain
5. Symptoms
Vary from subject to subject but having to key
signs are: a. loss of interest in things
like to do
b. sadness or irritability
Divided into following
Biological Emotional
Physical
6. Biochemical Theory
In 1950, Reserpine induce Depression
and study shows that it depletes the
storage of NE and 5-HT
Then Biochemical or monoamine
theory was Proposed in 1965 by
Schildkrant
Theory state that there is decreased or
functional deficiency in
monoamine i.e NE , 5-HT, DA
transmission in the CNS
8. Anti Depressant Drugs
Drugs which are used to relieve or prevent
depression known as Anti depressant
Anti depressant was first developed in
1950’s
Work by stabilize and normalize the level of
neurotransmitter in brain.Neurotransmitter
like NE,5-HT,DA play an important role in
regulating the mood
Practically all antidepressants affect
monoaminergic transmission in the brain
9. Classification
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
i. NA+5-HT reuptake inhibitor
- Imipramine
- Trimipramine
- Amitriptyline
- Doxepin
ii. Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors
- Desipramine
- Nortriptyline
- Reboxetine
15. Side Effect
Classification Side effects Pharmacokinetics
TCAs Blurred Vision ,
xerostomia , constipation,
Increased appetite, Nausea,
cardiac arrhythmia
Well absorbed Orally
Pass BBB
Metabolised in liver
SSRIs Nausea, anxiety, insomnia,
sexual dysfunction, gastric
upset
Well absorbed Orally
Food effect absorption
Metabolised in Liver
SNRIs Nausea,
anxiety,insomnia,sexual
dysfunction, gastric upset
Well absorbed Orally
Metabolised in Liver
Atypical Antidepressant Dry mouth , nervousness,
seizures at high dose
Well absorbed orally
MAOIs Nausea, Headache, Stiff
neck, dry mouth, Drug
interaction
Well absorbed orally
16. References
Tripathi K.D “Essential of Medical Pharmacology” 6th
Edition , Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers(P)ltd.
Goodman and Gilman’s “Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics”
10th
Edition, McGraw Hill Companies
Finkel Richard et.al., “Pharmacolgy”,4th
Edition, Lippincott Williams
and Wilkin
Hollinger A. Mannfred, “ Introduction to Pharmacology” ,2nd
Edition ,
Taylor & Francis Group
Dipiro T. Joseph, et.al “ Pharmacotherapy” ,7th
Edition , McGraw Hill
Companies
Stahl SM. Essential Psychopharmacology,2nd
Edition, Cambridge
University Press, New York
Foye O.William, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry,3rd
Edition,
Varghese Publishing House
http://www.springerlink.com/content/b9b8668ff59f89d7/fulltext.pdf
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