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Introduction to
Level 2 Award in
Emergency First Aid
at Work
1
Aim
To provide candidates with the knowledge and expertise to
deliver emergency first aid
Learning Outcomes
Describe your actions in an emergency
Demonstrate adult resuscitation including use of the AED
Explain the management of adult choking
Demonstrate the management of the unresponsive
casualty
Describe how to recognise and treat bleeding and shock
Explain the treatment of minor injuries
The Role of a First Aider
Protect yourself
Warn bystanders of dangers
Assess the scene
Decide who is in danger and who to help first
Which services to call for and how – use hands-free if
possible enabling any treatment to continue
Give treatment to those who need it
Prevent cross infection
Record all incidents and actions
Records
The contents of an incident report form will vary from
organisation to organisation, but the type of
information will include:
Casualty name
Date, place, time of incident
Nature of the incident – what happened
Any pain
Casualty history - allergies, medication
Any other information
Is it ‘RIDDOR’ reportable?
Equipment
A leaflet giving general guidance on first aid
20 sterile plasters
2 triangular bandages
6 safety pins
2 large sterile wound dressings
6 medium sterile wound dressings
3 pairs of disposable gloves
This is only a suggested contents list for low hazard areas
BS 8599 and HSE provides further information on the contents
of workplace first-aid
Infection Control
Infection:
Hand washing
Wear gloves
Do not touch blood or vomit without gloves
Dispose of medical waste safely
Make sure the incident area is cleaned afterwards
Dealing with an Emergency
What would you do?
Infection control Standard
precautions
Equipment First aid kit
What is your role?
Assess
Safety
First aid
Help
Scene Assessment
What will you do?
Assess the situation
Make the area safe
Administer first aid
Get help
Chain of Survival
The most common cause of cardiac arrests in adults
is ‘ventricular fibrillation’
Early
Recognition
999 / 112
Early
CPR
Early
Defibrillation
Early
Advanced
Care
Primary Survey
Danger
Response
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Getting Help
Find out as much as possible about the incident and
call 999 or 112
Use hands-free if possible
You should know:
The number you are calling from
Type of emergency
Your location
How many casualties, ages and genders
Any existing illnesses like angina
Any other hazards, gas etc.
CPR Algorithm
Call 999 / 112 and AED
Start CPR
30 Compressions
2 Breaths
As soon as AED
arrives switch on
and follow
instructions
Continue CPR
30:2
Automatic External Defibrillator
Using an AED Safely
You should know:
The purpose of your AED
What your AED will or will not do
How to operate your AED
The dangers involved with your AED
DO NOT leave the casualty in search of an AED – CPR
should continue
The Purpose of an AED
The purpose of an AED is to try to re-establish co-
ordinated electrical activity and re-start circulation by
applying a large pulse of current through the ventricles to
restart the heart
What an AED will do?
It will:
Give you full instructions
Make a decision to shock or not
Decide the strength of the shock
It will NOT:
Shock a living person
How to operate an AED?
Every AED should work the same
It is strongly advised that you read the instruction
manual for your AED
Dangers in using an AED
Bystanders
Metal
Jewellery
Water
Problems with the AED pads
Hairy chests
Implants
Medication patches
Batteries
Pacemakers
What to do after using an AED?
Why use an AED?
No treatment 0%
Delayed defibrillation 2%
Early CPR
Delayed defibrillation 8%
Early access
Early CPR
Delayed defibrillation 20%
Early access
Early CPR
Delayed defibrillation
Early Advanced care 30 – 40%
Resuscitation
Unresponsiveness
Fainting
Imbalance of Heat
Shock
Head Injury
Stroke
Heart Attack
Asphyxia
Poisoning
Epilepsy
Diabetes
An interruption in the normal activity of the brain
Levels of Unresponsiveness
ALERT
Does the casualty open their eyes and hold a
conversation?
VOICE
Answer simple questions
Obey simple commands
Inappropriate words or sounds
PAIN
Eye opening or response when stimulated by pain
UNRESPONSIVE
The casualty is not responsive
A
V
P
U
Recovery Position
Choking Adult
Adult Choking
Up to 5 back blows Up to 5 abdominal thrusts
Call 999/112 after the first cycle of blows and
abdominal thrusts
Shock
Causes:
Bleeding
Burns and scalds
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Trauma
Signs:
Pale
Cold, clammy skin
Rapid pulse
Shock
Treatment:
Lay the casualty head down
Maintain body temperature
Raise uninjured limb only if appropriate ie. leg
Practical application by candidates
Types of Wounds – Treatments
Bruise Grazes
Practical application of dressings and slings by candidates
Incision Laceration Puncture
Treatment of External Bleeding
Sit or lie
Expose
Examine
Pressure
Nose Bleeds
Treatment:
Sit the casualty down and lean
them forward
Ask casualty to pinch soft part of
nose
Release every 10 minutes
If still bleeding after 30 minutes -
send to hospital
Splinters
Wear gloves
Clean area well
Remove if possible
Do not probe around
Make it bleed after
Clean and cover
Cuts and Grazes
Clean under running water – check for grit
Clean around the wound with soap and water
Apply a non-stick or dry dressing for grazes
An adhesive dressing for cuts
Seek medical advice if:
Bleeding will not stop
Particles remain in the wound
The casualty has not had a tetanus in the last 10 years
Bruises
Apply a cold compress for at least 5 minutes
A cold compress can be made by wrapping ice in a soft
cloth
Ensure the ice does not come in direct contact with the
skin
Be aware that a bruise may be the sign of internal
bleeding
Heart Attack
Coronary thrombosis – A clot in the coronary artery
causing an obstruction to the blood supply
Signs and symptoms:
Central chest pain, radiating down the left arm
Profuse sweating
Breathless
Rapid, weak pulse
Ashen skin
Cyanosis of the lips
Fear of dying
Heart Attack
Treatment:
Place in a half-sitting or comfortable position
999 / 112
Monitor
Be prepared:
To place in the recovery position if unresponsive
To resuscitate if necessary
Management of Seizures
Clear a space
Monitor
Assist after the seizure
Seek further medical advice
Record incident
Burns and Scalds
Superficial Partial-thickness Full-thickness
Determining the percentage of
the body surface affected
1 %
Treatment
Cool with cold water Sterile covering (do not
‘wrap’ area with clingfilm)
Burns and Scalds
Do NOT:
Remove anything sticking to the burn
Burst blisters
Wrap area with clingfilm
Apply creams or ointment
Hospital Treatment:
Superficial burns more than 5 %
Partial burns more than 1%
All full thickness burns
Burns to the hands, face, feet, genital

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Emergency first aid at work

  • 1. Introduction to Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work 1
  • 2. Aim To provide candidates with the knowledge and expertise to deliver emergency first aid
  • 3. Learning Outcomes Describe your actions in an emergency Demonstrate adult resuscitation including use of the AED Explain the management of adult choking Demonstrate the management of the unresponsive casualty Describe how to recognise and treat bleeding and shock Explain the treatment of minor injuries
  • 4. The Role of a First Aider Protect yourself Warn bystanders of dangers Assess the scene Decide who is in danger and who to help first Which services to call for and how – use hands-free if possible enabling any treatment to continue Give treatment to those who need it Prevent cross infection Record all incidents and actions
  • 5. Records The contents of an incident report form will vary from organisation to organisation, but the type of information will include: Casualty name Date, place, time of incident Nature of the incident – what happened Any pain Casualty history - allergies, medication Any other information Is it ‘RIDDOR’ reportable?
  • 6. Equipment A leaflet giving general guidance on first aid 20 sterile plasters 2 triangular bandages 6 safety pins 2 large sterile wound dressings 6 medium sterile wound dressings 3 pairs of disposable gloves This is only a suggested contents list for low hazard areas BS 8599 and HSE provides further information on the contents of workplace first-aid
  • 7. Infection Control Infection: Hand washing Wear gloves Do not touch blood or vomit without gloves Dispose of medical waste safely Make sure the incident area is cleaned afterwards
  • 8. Dealing with an Emergency What would you do? Infection control Standard precautions Equipment First aid kit What is your role? Assess Safety First aid Help
  • 9. Scene Assessment What will you do? Assess the situation Make the area safe Administer first aid Get help
  • 10. Chain of Survival The most common cause of cardiac arrests in adults is ‘ventricular fibrillation’ Early Recognition 999 / 112 Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Care
  • 12. Getting Help Find out as much as possible about the incident and call 999 or 112 Use hands-free if possible You should know: The number you are calling from Type of emergency Your location How many casualties, ages and genders Any existing illnesses like angina Any other hazards, gas etc.
  • 13. CPR Algorithm Call 999 / 112 and AED Start CPR 30 Compressions 2 Breaths As soon as AED arrives switch on and follow instructions Continue CPR 30:2
  • 15. Using an AED Safely You should know: The purpose of your AED What your AED will or will not do How to operate your AED The dangers involved with your AED DO NOT leave the casualty in search of an AED – CPR should continue
  • 16. The Purpose of an AED The purpose of an AED is to try to re-establish co- ordinated electrical activity and re-start circulation by applying a large pulse of current through the ventricles to restart the heart
  • 17. What an AED will do? It will: Give you full instructions Make a decision to shock or not Decide the strength of the shock It will NOT: Shock a living person
  • 18. How to operate an AED? Every AED should work the same It is strongly advised that you read the instruction manual for your AED
  • 19. Dangers in using an AED Bystanders Metal Jewellery Water Problems with the AED pads Hairy chests Implants Medication patches Batteries Pacemakers
  • 20. What to do after using an AED?
  • 21. Why use an AED? No treatment 0% Delayed defibrillation 2% Early CPR Delayed defibrillation 8% Early access Early CPR Delayed defibrillation 20% Early access Early CPR Delayed defibrillation Early Advanced care 30 – 40%
  • 23. Unresponsiveness Fainting Imbalance of Heat Shock Head Injury Stroke Heart Attack Asphyxia Poisoning Epilepsy Diabetes An interruption in the normal activity of the brain
  • 24. Levels of Unresponsiveness ALERT Does the casualty open their eyes and hold a conversation? VOICE Answer simple questions Obey simple commands Inappropriate words or sounds PAIN Eye opening or response when stimulated by pain UNRESPONSIVE The casualty is not responsive A V P U
  • 27. Adult Choking Up to 5 back blows Up to 5 abdominal thrusts Call 999/112 after the first cycle of blows and abdominal thrusts
  • 29. Shock Treatment: Lay the casualty head down Maintain body temperature Raise uninjured limb only if appropriate ie. leg Practical application by candidates
  • 30. Types of Wounds – Treatments Bruise Grazes Practical application of dressings and slings by candidates Incision Laceration Puncture
  • 31. Treatment of External Bleeding Sit or lie Expose Examine Pressure
  • 32. Nose Bleeds Treatment: Sit the casualty down and lean them forward Ask casualty to pinch soft part of nose Release every 10 minutes If still bleeding after 30 minutes - send to hospital
  • 33. Splinters Wear gloves Clean area well Remove if possible Do not probe around Make it bleed after Clean and cover
  • 34. Cuts and Grazes Clean under running water – check for grit Clean around the wound with soap and water Apply a non-stick or dry dressing for grazes An adhesive dressing for cuts Seek medical advice if: Bleeding will not stop Particles remain in the wound The casualty has not had a tetanus in the last 10 years
  • 35. Bruises Apply a cold compress for at least 5 minutes A cold compress can be made by wrapping ice in a soft cloth Ensure the ice does not come in direct contact with the skin Be aware that a bruise may be the sign of internal bleeding
  • 36. Heart Attack Coronary thrombosis – A clot in the coronary artery causing an obstruction to the blood supply Signs and symptoms: Central chest pain, radiating down the left arm Profuse sweating Breathless Rapid, weak pulse Ashen skin Cyanosis of the lips Fear of dying
  • 37. Heart Attack Treatment: Place in a half-sitting or comfortable position 999 / 112 Monitor Be prepared: To place in the recovery position if unresponsive To resuscitate if necessary
  • 38. Management of Seizures Clear a space Monitor Assist after the seizure Seek further medical advice Record incident
  • 39. Burns and Scalds Superficial Partial-thickness Full-thickness Determining the percentage of the body surface affected 1 %
  • 40. Treatment Cool with cold water Sterile covering (do not ‘wrap’ area with clingfilm)
  • 41. Burns and Scalds Do NOT: Remove anything sticking to the burn Burst blisters Wrap area with clingfilm Apply creams or ointment Hospital Treatment: Superficial burns more than 5 % Partial burns more than 1% All full thickness burns Burns to the hands, face, feet, genital