Avantika Rana

1. Textiles
The word textile is derived
from the Latin term
“texture” for woven fabrics.
Thus by textiles we
understand those objects
which have been
prepared by weaving.

2. Yarns
long continuous length
of interlocked fibers
suitable for the
production of textiles,
sewing, crochet knitting
and rope making. They
are produced by
twisting or spinning of
the textile fibers and in
turn fabric is a structure
produced by interlacing
or interloping of the
yarns..

4. Fibres
Any product capable of
being woven or otherwise
made into fabric. It is
smallest visible unit of
textile product. A
“pliable” hair like strand
that is very small in
diameter in relation to its
length”. Fibres are the
fundamental units or the
building blocks used in
the making of textile
yarns and fabrics.

5. Classification of Fibres
• Natural Fibers
• Vegetable Fibres Animal Fibres Mineral fibers
• Man Made fibers
• Regenerated fibres Synthetic fibres
• Inorganic fibres
Classification of fibers can be done by:
Type (Natural and manufactured)
Length (Short staple, long staple, continuous filament)
Size (Ultra fine, fine, regular, course)

7. Natural Fibres

8. Vegetable Fibres
(a) fibre occurring on the
seed (raw cotton , java
cotton)
(b) phloem fiber (flax, ramie ,
hemp, jute)
(c) tendon fibre from stem or
leaves (manila hemp, sisal
hemp etc)
(d) fibre occurring around the
trunk (hemp palm)
(e) fibre of fruit/ nut shells
(coconut fibre – Coir)
cotton and linen are the most
important among them.

9. Cotton
Cotton is a soft fibre that
grows around the seeds of
the cotton plant .cotton
fibre grows in the seed pod
or boll of the cotton plant .
each fibre is a single
elongated cell that is flat
twisted and ribbon like with
a wide inner hollow
(lumen).

10. Bast Fibre
Bast fibre (fiber) or
skin fibre is
fibre collected
from the Phloem
(the bast
surrounding the
stem of a certain
m plant

11. Animal fibres
The fibres which are
obtained from animals are
called animal fibres. Wool
and silk are common
examples of animal fibres.
They are made up of
protein molecules. . The
basic elements in the
protein molecules are
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen.

12. Wool
Wool is the fiber
derived from the
fur of animals. it
has the highest
moisture regain
i.e., 14%.
it exhibits felting
property and is
easy to spin .

13. Silk
silk is a natural fiber
that can be
woven into
textiles. It is
obtained from the
cocoon of the
silkworm
larva, in the
process known as
sericulture

14. Mineral Fibres
They are the inorganic
materials shaped in to
fibres and are mainly
used in the fireproof
fabrics. Asbestos is the
example of mineral
fibre.Mineral fibres are
fire proof, resistant to
acids and are used for
industrial purposes.

15. Man made Fibres
fibres that are not naturally
present in nature and are
made artificially by man.
Man made fibres have
high strength, strong when
wet low moisture
absorption characteristics.
Examples of man made
fibres are viscose rayon,
acetate rayon, nylon,
polyester etc.

16. Cellulosic Fibres
Cellulose is one of many
polymers found in
nature.

17. Rayon
Rayon is a
manufactured
regenerated cellulosic
fiber.
it is the first man made
fibre .
it has a serrated round
shape with smooth
surface.

18. Man made synthetic Fibres
Polyamides-Nylon 66, Nylon 610, Nylon 6 etc
Polyester-Terylene, Terene, Dacron etc.
Polyvinyl derivatives
Polyvinylchloride
Polyvinylchloride acetate Polyvinylchloride –Acrylonitrile
Polyacrilonitrile
Polyvinyl alcohol
Polystyrene and Copolymers Polyvinylide Chloride and
Copolymers
Polyolefins
Polyethylene Polypropylene

19. Polyester
Polyester is a
category of
polymers which
contain the
ester.
functional group in
their main characters
The term "polyester" is
most commonly used
to refer to
polyethylene
terephthalate (PET).

20. Inorganic Fibres
Glass – Silica sand,
lime stone and other
minerals
Ceramic – Alumina,
Silica and
Graphite fibres -
Carbon
Metallic fibres-
Aluminium, silver,
gold and stainless
steel

21. Glass Fibres
It is also known as Fiber
glass that is a material
made from extremely
fine fibers of
glass. Glass fiber is
formed when thin silica-
based or other
formulation glass is
extruded into many
fibers with small textile
processing.

22. Metallic Fibre
Metallic fibers are
manufactured
fibers composed
of metal, plastic-
coated metal,
metal-c Gold and
silver have been
used since a yarns
for fabric
decoration.

23. Differentiation

24. Classificationof textile fibres
Let us see how fibres are classified
According to the source from which textile fibres are obtained fibres are broadly classified into two ways.
Vegetable fibres or cellulosic fibres
Mineral
The fibres that are derived from plants are called vegetable fibres. The basic material of all plant life is cellulose. Cellulose is made
up of elements like carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These cellulose fibres have certain common properties like low resilience,
high density, and good conductor of heat. They are highly absorbent and are resistant to high temperature. Cotton flax, jute,
ramie are some of the examples of vegetable fibres.
Animal fibres
The fibres which are obtained from animals are called animal fibres. Wool and silk are common examples of animal fibres. They are
made up of protein molecules. The basic elements in the protein molecules are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Animal fibres have high resiliency but weak when wet because they are bad conductors of heat.
Mineral fibres
They are the inorganic materials shaped in to fibres and are mainly used in the fireproof fabrics.Asbestos is the
exampleofmineralfibre.Mineralfibres are fire proof, resistant to acids and are used for industrial purposes.
Man made fibres
These refer to those fibres that are not naturally present in nature and are made artificially by man. Man made fibres have high
strength, strong when wet low moisture absorption characteristics. Examples of man made fibres are viscose rayon, acetate
rayon, nylon, polyester etc. Depending on raw material chosen for making of the fibres they are classified as cellulosic fibres,
protein fibres and synthetic fibres.